RU2797426C1 - Method for producing a soil improver based on zeolite - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for the production of soil improvers based on the natural silicon-containing mineral zeolite. The method for obtaining a granulated soil improver based on zeolite consists in adding zeolite powder with a fraction of 1-3 mm at the rate of 100 kg to a drum-type granulator. After stirring for 10 minutes, a liquid humate preparation is added to it at the rate of 1 L and beet molasses at the rate of 2 L followed by stirring for 10 minutes. At the last stage, vegetable oil (1 L) and powder of a biological product based on Trichoderma (100 g) are added to the mixture, followed by stirring for 10 minutes. At the end of the process, the granules are dried to a moisture content of 15-18% with dry air at a temperature of 30°C within 30 minutes.

EFFECT: improved agrophysical characteristics of soils for agricultural purposes, as well as increased crop yields.

1 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely to the production of drum-type granulators, a dry granular preparation for improving the properties of agricultural soils based on a natural silicon-containing mineral zeolite with the addition of liquid potassium humate, beet molasses, vegetable oil, and also a dry culture of an antagonist soil fungus genus Trichoderma

The soil is the material basis for the production of agricultural products in the open field. In recent years, in Russia and in the world, there have been processes of falling fertility of agricultural soils, primarily due to the development of degradation processes. Annual losses from soil degradation in the Russian Federation are estimated at 3.2-3.9 million tons in grain equivalent [1]. With the development of degradation processes, a deterioration in the agrochemical and agrophysical properties of the soil for agricultural purposes is noted [2].

One of the promising directions for improving soil properties and reducing the negative impact of degradation processes is the use of special preparations - soil improvers or soil conditioners [3].

Dry or liquid humic preparations can act as soil improvers, the introduction of which into the soil has a positive effect on its structure, stimulates the growth and development of the root system, and also increases crop yields [4]. Known soil improvers based on moisture-swelling polymeric hydrogels, the use of which helps to preserve moisture and improve the agrophysical properties of the soil [5]. Biocomposts are used as such preparations [6]. Among the most promising drugs that have the ability to improve soil properties, silicon-containing natural materials with pronounced sorption properties are especially distinguished. [7]. Among such natural materials are diatomite, zeolite, bentonite clay, the use of which not only improves soil properties, but also increases productivity [8].

Zeolites, due to their physicochemical properties, can act as valuable soil improvers, the introduction of which not only improves agrophysical properties, but also increases the degree of saturation with bases, reduces hydrolytic acidity, and also normalizes the acidic regime of soils [9].

One of the manifestations of soil biological degradation is the accumulation of phytopathogenic fungi in it. To control them, the introduction of biopreparations into the soil based on fungi of antagonists of the Trichoderma genus is widely used [10].

A known method for improving soil properties, which uses an organic soil improver at a dose of 500-1000 l/ha with an organic matter content of at least 15%, obtained on the basis of vermicompost in the form of a mixture of cattle manure and spent blocks after growing Pleurotus ostreatus from straw, wood chips, mycelium Pleurotus ostreatus [11]. The disadvantages of this composition is the lack of mineral substances, which limits their impact on the agrophysical properties of the soil.

Closest to the proposed invention is a composition for organic complex plant nutrition with the function of a soil improver, which includes burnt diatomite chips with a particle size of 1.0-5.0 mm, granulated wood ash with a granule size of 1.0 to 3.0 mm, granulated sunflower husk ash with a granule size of 1.0 to 3.0 mm at the following ratio of components by weight, %: diatomite 65, granulated wood ash 25, granulated sunflower husk ash 10 [12]. The disadvantages of this composition is the lack of humic substances with growth-stimulating ability, as well as beneficial microorganisms. In addition, the production uses heat treatment of diatomaceous earth, which increases the energy costs of production.

The objective of the claimed invention is to develop a composition and method for producing a granular soil improver based on the natural mineral zeolite, the introduction of which into the soil will improve its properties and increase crop yields.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the production of a granular soil improver, the natural mineral zeolite, liquid humate composition, beet molasses, vegetable oil and dry mass of Trichoderma fungi are sequentially mixed using a drum-type granulator.

As ingredients, zeolite of the Tatar-Shatrashanskoe deposit (manufactured by the Volga Region Zeolites LLC) is used in the form of a powder from solid particles of a fraction of 1-3 mm. Composition (oxides) - silicon 65.88%, aluminum 6.19%, calcium 17.6%.

A liquid humate composition containing 4% potassium and sodium humates obtained from brown coal was used as a source of organic substances.

Beet molasses obtained from the Buinsk sugar plant (Buinsk, Republic of Tatarstan) acted as an additional source of organic substances and plant growth stimulants (betaine). The content of solids in molasses was 80%.

For better formation of granules, unrefined vegetable oil was added to the mixture.

As a source of useful microorganisms, a dry biological product based on fungi of the genus Trichoderma (Trichocin, based on Trichoderma harzianum, strain G 30 VIZR) was used.

When preparing the soil improver, 1 l of a liquid humate preparation, 2 l of beet molasses, 1 l of vegetable oil and 100 g of a dry biological preparation based on Trichoderma were added to 100 kg of zeolite (fraction 1-3 mm).

Obtaining a soil improver is as follows. The entire amount of zeolite was added to the drum-type granulator with constant stirring, after stirring for 10 minutes, the required amount of humate and beet molasses was added to it, followed by stirring for 10 minutes. At the last stage, vegetable oil and powder of a biological product based on Trichoderma were added to the mixture. The total duration of granulation was 30 minutes. The output was rounded gray granules 4-5 mm in size. Subsequently, the granules were dried with dry air at a temperature of 30°C for 30 minutes to a moisture content of 15-18%.

Example 1. Results of field experiments. The object of research is spring barley of the Raushan variety.

Experience scheme:

1. Control - without soil conditioner.

2. Experimental soil improver, 30 kg/ha.

3. Experimental soil improver, 60 kg/ha.

4. Experimental soil improver, 90 kg/ha.

5. Experimental soil improver, 120 kg/ha.

The repetition in the experiment is fourfold. The agrotechnology of spring barley cultivation is generally accepted for the area of the Fore-Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The soil conditioner was applied before sowing the crop using a seeder. Weather conditions in 2022 were favorable for the growth and development of spring barley. The soil of the experimental plots is gray forest medium loamy.

The results of assessing the impact of applying a soil improver on the agrophysical properties of the soil are shown in Table 1.

The results of the assessment showed that the application of soil improver at the rate of 90-120 kg/ha has a positive effect on the agrophysical parameters of the soil.

The addition of a biopreparation based on the Trichoderma fungus to the soil improver led to a decrease in plant damage by root rot (Table 2).

The introduction of the soil improver had a positive effect on the yield of barley (Table 3), the effect was especially noticeable when the preparation was applied to the soil at a rate of 90-120 kg/ha.

The resulting soil improver can be used in crop production to improve the agrophysical characteristics of agricultural soils, as well as to increase crop yields.

List of used literature

1. Tsvetnov E.V. Approbation of the approach to determining the social value of lands as a basis for conducting an ecological and economic assessment of damage from their degradation / E.V. Tsvetnov, N.A. Marakhova, O.A. Makarov [et al.] // Soil Science. - 2019. - No. 10. - S. 1269-1277.

2. Scientific basis for the prevention of soil (Land) degradation of agricultural lands in Russia and the formation of systems for the reproduction of their fertility in adaptive landscape agriculture. -Moscow: Soil Institute. V.V. Dokuchaeva, 2013. - 756 p.

3. Soil conditioner Reasil Soil Conditioner - an innovative solution for soil health and fertility // Agrosnabforum. Publishing house: Profpressa Limited Liability Company, Krasnodar. No. 4 (152). 2017. S. 56-58.

4. Moiseeva, D.N. Influence of a soil improver on the yield of potatoes / D.N. Moiseeva // Student science and XXI century. - 2018. - No. 16 - 1. - S. 80-81.

5. Kozlova, N.V. Some properties of polymeric superabsorbent as a soil conditioner and component of substrates / N.V. Kozlova, A.V. Burtovoy // Subtropical and ornamental gardening. - 2019. - No. 69. - S. 183-192. - DOI 10.31360/2225-3068-2019-69-183-192.

6. Korsunova, T.M. Influence of non-traditional soil improvers on the productivity of vegetable root crops / T.M. Korsunova, Yu.B. Sorokina, E.V. Konovalova // Bulletin of the Buryat State Agricultural Academy. V.R. Filippov. - 2017. - No. 3 (48). - S. 6-12.

7. Myasnikov, I.S. The use of sorption-type soil improvers in the production of crop products / I.S. Myasnikov // Ideas of young scientists for the agro-industrial complex: agricultural and human sciences: Proceedings of the student scientific conference of the Institute of Agroecology, Miass, February 24, 2022. - Chelyabinsk: South Ural State Agrarian University, 2022. - P. 142-145.

8. Kozlov, A.V. The use of silicon-containing rocks as soil conditioners as an element of resource conservation of fertility factors of soddy-podzolic soil / A.V. Kozlov // Problems of nature management and the ecological situation in European Russia and adjacent territories: Proceedings of the VII International Scientific Conference (in memory of Prof. Petin A.N.), Belgorod, October 24-26, 2017. - Belgorod: Publishing house "POLITERRA", 2017. - S. 301-304.

9. Seredina, V.P. Agroecological aspects of the use of zeolites as soil improvers of the sorption type and a source of potassium for plants / V.P. Middle // Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. - 2003. - T. 306. - No. 3. - S. 56-60.

10. Rakhimov, U.Kh. The effectiveness of Trichoderma in combination with crop rotation in the fight against fusarium of potatoes and eggplant / U.X. Rakhimov // Actual problems of modern science. - 2020. - No. 5 (114). - S. 145-147.

11. Patent No. 2776667 C1 Russian Federation, IPC А01С 21/00, C05F 9/04, C05F 3/00. Method for increasing the fertility of forest-steppe and steppe chernozems: No. 2021102779: Appl. 02/05/2021: publ. 07/22/2022 / A.A. Ermakov, L.V. Galaktionova, T.M. Smoley [i dr.].

12. Patent No. 2756819 C1 Russian Federation, IPC C05F 11/02, C05D 9/02, C05G 3/80. Organic complex plant nutrition with the function of a soil improver: No. 2021107370: Appl. 03/22/2021: publ. 06.10.2021 / S.N. Zudilin, O.A. Olenin.

Claims (1)

A method for producing a granulated zeolite-based soil improver to improve soil properties and increase crop yields, characterized in that zeolite powder with a fraction of 1-3 mm at a rate of 100 kg is added to a drum-type granulator, after stirring for 10 minutes, a liquid humate preparation is added to it - 1 l and beet molasses - 2 l, followed by stirring for 10 minutes, at the last stage, vegetable oil - 1 l and powder of a biological product based on Trichoderma - 100 g are added to the mixture, followed by stirring for 10 minutes, at the end of the process, drying is carried out granules to a moisture content of 15-18% with dry air at a temperature of 30°C for 30 minutes.