RU2770893C1 - Method for reproduction of sea-buckthorn (hippophae rhamnoides l.) with green shells - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of biotechnology. In the method for propagating sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) with green cuttings, which includes cutting cuttings of one-year growth, treating the basal part of the cuttings with an aqueous solution of a root formation stimulator and then planting them in a solid substrate, what is new is that as a growth stimulator of adventitious roots and the formation of nodules using a solution of indolyl-3-acetic acid with colloidal nanoparticles of biogenic iron hydroxides, followed by planting cuttings in a solid substrate with the addition of a mineral source of nitrogen. And also, by the fact that colloidal nanoparticles of biogenic iron hydroxides with an admixture of goethite are used. And also, by the fact that colloidal nanoparticles of biogenic iron hydroxides with an admixture of aluminum are used. And also, by the fact that colloidal nanoparticles of biogenic iron hydroxides with an admixture of cobalt are used.

EFFECT: invention allows to increase the rooting rate of green cuttings of sea buckthorn and improved development of the root system of cuttings with increased ability for symbiotrophic nutrition.

4 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the field of horticulture, and can be used when propagating fruit and ornamental crops with green cuttings.

The general approach in the technology of plant propagation by cuttings is based on the selection of the composition of the solid substrate for rooting and growing seedlings. For example, there is a method of rooting green cuttings of easily propagated berry and ornamental shrubs [RF Patent No. 2367140, IPC A01G 1/00, publ. 09/20/2009], in the implementation of which green cuttings are planted without pre-treatment in an artificial substrate prepared from neutralized high-moor peat, perlite and dehydrated stabilized urban sewage sludge, the shelf life of which does not exceed one year. The artificial solid substrate contains all the nutrients necessary for plant growth, as well as compounds with hormonal activity.

The disadvantage of this method is the additional cost of microbiological treatment of dehydrated stabilized urban sewage sludge, the preparation and use of complex solid substrates, which is not rational for use in large-scale cuttings of berry and ornamental shrubs.

The significance of the composition of the solid substrate and soil during the rooting of cuttings is high and beyond doubt. Along with this, it was found that phytohormones, primarily of the auxin series, serve as inducers of rhizogenesis. The use of synthetic phytohormones is also a general principle for the development of technologies for accelerated rooting of cuttings and propagation of ornamental and garden plants [Fruit growing: textbook / Edited by V.A. Potapova, F.N. Pilshchikov. - M.: Kolos, 2000. - S. 150-153; Aladina O.N. Izvestiya TSHA, 2013, Vol. 4, S. 5-22].

For example, there is a known method of green cuttings of Japanese camellia (Camellia japonica L.) by propagating green cuttings of annual growth [RF Patent No. 2475016 C2, IPC A01G 1/00, publ. 2013.02.20]. According to this method, the cuttings are treated with an aqueous solution of physiologically active substances containing 10 mg of indolyl-3-butyric acid, 1 mg of kinetin, 0.5 mg of gibberellin A3, 5 mg of ascorbic acid and thiamine chloride in one liter of the working solution. Processing exposure 1 hour. The disadvantage of this method is the use of a wide range of growth stimulants, which is not economically viable for large-scale production. In addition, the results obtained with the composition of stimulants selected for cuttings of Japanese camellia may not be suitable for rooting other crops.

A known method of propagation of plants by green cuttings [RU No. 2540586 C2, IPC A01G 1/00, publ. 2015.02.10] including cutting cuttings, treatment of the lower part of the cuttings before rooting with a weakly concentrated aqueous solution of β-(3-Indolyl)-propionic acid at a concentration of 100 or 400 mg/l. Processing exposure 12-24 hours. The method has been tested on two types of plants - common cherry and Cossack juniper. The disadvantage of this technical solution, proposed for propagation of plants of a wide range of species, is that in fact it is also species-specific.

A known method of increasing the rooting of green cuttings of fruit crops [RU 2430508 C1, IPC A01G 1/00, publ. 2011.10.10], the essence of which is the treatment of cuttings with a growth stimulator (Kornevin, a drug based on indol-3-yl butyric acid) and fungicides. Previously, the cuttings are kept in the light for 1.5-2 weeks and exposed to artificial fog.

The disadvantage of this method is the lengthening of the cutting preparation period by 1.5-2 weeks, which leads to additional costs and an increase in the cost of seedlings in large-scale production. In addition, in the climatic conditions of Siberia with a short growing season, the lengthening of the cutting preparation period leads to the risk of cuttings not rooting or freezing in the winter due to the undermaturation of tissues.

The high significance of growth phytohormones of indolyl-acetic and indolyl-butyric acids (IAA and IBA) in propagation by green cuttings of sea buckthorn is described in the work ["Technology of cultivation of sea buckthorn", Tashkent, 2016, Publisher: Main Department of Forestry under the Ministry of Forestry and Water Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan ]. The technology was developed within the framework of the regional program of the German Society for International Cooperation [Deutsche Gesellschaftflir Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH) "Sustainable land use taking into account climate change for economic development in Central Asia". The program is commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)].

Closest to the claimed method of propagating sea buckthorn with green cuttings is a patent for a sea buckthorn growth regulator [CN 103518775 A, Int.Cl. A01N 59/08, publ. 2016.02.24 (prototype)], the essence of which is to use for the treatment of cuttings with a solution of a growth stimulator - indolyl-butyric acid in composition with salicylic acid, calcium chloride (Ca ²⁺ ) and ascorbic acid. Complementary BCI ingredients are known as biologically active agents. They support the response of plants to the effects of the hormone and contribute to the rooting of green sea buckthorn cuttings. The disadvantage of this technical solution is that the authors considered only one parameter as an indicator of its effectiveness - rooting of sea buckthorn cuttings. A developed root system, which is determined by the number and length of adventitious roots formed, is an insufficient indicator of the quality of seedlings for sea buckthorn. The peculiarity of sea buckthorn is that its nitrogen supply largely depends on the number of nodules on the roots, which provide symbiotrophic nutrition for the plant.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the rooting rate of green cuttings of sea buckthorn and improved development of the root system of the cuttings with increased ability to symbiotrophic nutrition.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of propagating sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) with green cuttings, including cutting the cuttings of annual growth, treating the basal part of the cuttings with an aqueous solution of a root formation stimulator and then planting them in a solid substrate, what is new is that as a stimulator growth of adventitious roots and formation of nodules, a solution of indolyl-3-acetic acid with colloidal nanoparticles of biogenic iron hydroxides is used, followed by planting cuttings in a solid substrate with the addition of a mineral source of nitrogen. And also by the fact that colloidal nanoparticles of biogenic iron hydroxides with an admixture of goethite are used. And also by the fact that colloidal nanoparticles of biogenic iron hydroxides with an admixture of aluminum are used. And also by the fact that colloidal nanoparticles of biogenic iron hydroxides with an admixture of cobalt are used.

Thus, the claimed method of propagating sea buckthorn buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) with green cuttings differs from the prototype in that a solution of indolyl-3-acetic acid with colloidal nanoparticles of biogenic iron hydroxides is used as a stimulant for the growth of adventitious roots and the formation of nodules, followed by planting the cuttings in solid substrate with the addition of a mineral source of nitrogen. Iron hydroxide nanoparticles initiate the formation of primordia and the germination of adventitious roots. Top dressing in the initial period of rooting cuttings in the form of easily digestible organic nitrogen contributes to the accelerated growth of adventitious roots. As a result, already in the initial period of rooting, a root system is formed, which is more prepared for colonization by symbiotrophic microorganisms and the formation of a large number of nodules.

The above distinguishing features from the prototype allow us to conclude that the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty".

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype have not been identified in other technical solutions in the study of data and related fields of technology and, therefore, ensure that the claimed solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The method is carried out as follows.

Cuttings of annual growth 15-20 cm long with 10-18 buds and 5-10 whole leaves are immersed in a 0.03-0.1% aqueous solution of IAA, into which a colloidal solution of biogenic iron hydroxide nanoparticles (0.5-3. 5 mg/l). The exposure time of the cuttings in the solution is 6-24 hours. After treatment with the solution, the cuttings were planted in a substrate consisting of a mixture of peat and sand in a ratio of 1:1 with the addition of sapropel 2 kg/m ^{2 of} soil and ammonium nitrate at a dose of N20 - N50.

Examples of implementation of the proposed technical solution.

All test options for the technical solution were carried out according to a single scheme, which includes the general and individual parts.

A common part. Green cuttings of sea buckthorn, male and female types were cut from mother plants in the morning in the first ten days of July. The cuttings were cut 15-20 cm long with 10-18 buds and 5-10 whole leaves, tied into bundles of 30 pieces and immersed with the basal part for 6-24 hours in an aqueous solution of indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) and colloidal biogenic nanoparticles. iron hydroxide. The cuttings of the control variant of the treatment were also immersed in the basal parts for 6–24 hours in the IAA solution, but without the introduction of nanoparticles.

The individual part is a description of specific variants of the experiments, which differed only in the type of nanoparticles introduced into the IAA solution. 4 types of biogenic iron hydroxide nanoparticles were tested - pure ferrihydrite and with an admixture of goethite (Feh), ferrihydrite with an admixture of aluminum (Feh_Al), silicon (Feh_Si) or cobalt (Feh_Co). The concentration of nanoparticles was set in the range of 0.5–3.5 mg/l. Mineral nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate at a concentration of N20 - N50 was added to the substrate for placing cuttings treated with growth stimulants. The concentration of the nitrogen source introduced into the solid substrate depends on the nitrogen content in peat and sapropel. Specific doses are selected within the indicated ranges, taking into account the presence of nitrogen in peat and sapropel. The exposure time of the cuttings in solution at a high concentration of nanoparticles is chosen to be the shorter of the specified range. At a low concentration of nanoparticles in the solution, the exposure time increases.

Cuttings treated in solutions of growth stimulants were planted in a greenhouse according to the scheme 5 × 7 cm. The substrate was a mixture of peat and sand in a ratio of 1:1 with the addition of sapropel 2 kg/m ^{2 of} soil and ammonium nitrate at a dose of N20 - N50. The planting depth was 7 cm. The moisture content of the substrate was maintained by an irrigation system with fine water spray at the level of 80% of the lowest moisture capacity.

The stimulating effect of colloidal nanoparticles in the composition with a root formation stimulator in the form of IAA and fertilizing with nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate was evaluated by comparison with control experiments performed according to the generally accepted technology of propagation of sea buckthorn buckthorn by cuttings using the phytohormone of the auxin series to stimulate root formation and rooting of cuttings. In the control and each version of the test of the proposed method in solutions, 30 cuttings were processed and planted in solid ground in 3 replications.

Example 1. Green cuttings of sea buckthorn male type, variety Alei were harvested from mother plants of five years of age. Harvesting, processing and planting cuttings on a solid substrate was carried out in accordance with the description of the general part of the experiments. Cuttings of experimental treatment options were prepared for planting in the ground in accordance with the description of the individual experimental scheme (Table 1).

Example 2. Green cuttings of sea buckthorn female type, variety Chuiskaya, were harvested from mother plants of five years of age. Harvesting, processing and planting cuttings on a solid substrate was carried out in accordance with the description of the general part of the experiments. Cuttings of experimental treatment options were prepared for planting in the ground in accordance with the description of the individual experimental scheme (Table 1).

The effect of colloidal nanoparticles of biogenic iron hydroxide on the rhizogenesis of green cuttings of sea buckthorn is presented in Table 1.

Note: all results are average values obtained at different doses of nanoparticles and exposure time of cuttings in solutions; on the adventitious roots of the rooted cuttings of the Chuiskaya variety treated only with growth hormone (control), the formation of nodules was not observed, therefore, the change in the number of nodules in relation to the control was not determined. Tested concentrations of nanoparticles - 0.5; 1.5 and 3.5 mg/l, exposure time of cuttings in solutions - 6, 12 and 24 hours.

From the data in Table 1 it follows that all types of ferrihydrite nanoparticles have a positive result on rooting, length of adventitious roots and number of nodules. Cuttings of all experimental variants of male and female type formed high-quality seedlings of sea buckthorn.

For the grades tested, the best results were obtained with ferrihydrite nanoparticles doped with silicon or cobalt. The effect of nanoparticles of biogenic ferrihydrite doped with cobalt was expressed in an increase in the rooting rate of green cuttings of sea buckthorn male type (variety Alei) by 33.3-61.1%, the total length of the roots of the first order of branching by 1.9-2.9 times and 5 fold increase in the number of nodules. The rooting rate of cuttings treated with ferrihydrite nanoparticles doped with silicon and cobalt reached 100%.

No nodules were formed on the roots of the control cuttings of the female type of sea buckthorn (Chuiskaya variety). At the same time, they formed on all roots and in all variants of experimental cuttings. At the same time, the length of adventitious roots in the experimental cuttings increased by 30-86%, and the rooting rate increased several times and reached 90% or more.

Thus, the proposed technical solution makes it possible to obtain up to 90-100% rooted cuttings with a developed root system and a high content of root nodules.

Claims (4)

1. A method of propagating sea buckthorn buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) with green cuttings, including cutting cuttings of annual growth, treating the basal part of the cuttings with an aqueous solution of a root formation stimulator and then planting them in a solid substrate, characterized in that as a growth stimulator of adventitious roots and the formation of nodules using a solution of indolyl-3-acetic acid with colloidal nanoparticles of biogenic iron hydroxides, followed by planting cuttings in a solid substrate with the addition of a mineral source of nitrogen. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that colloidal nanoparticles of biogenic iron hydroxides with an admixture of goethite are used. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that colloidal nanoparticles of biogenic iron hydroxides with an admixture of aluminum are used. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that colloidal nanoparticles of biogenic iron hydroxides with an admixture of cobalt are used.