RU2708741C1 - Head mechanical fuse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to head mechanical fuses of impact action for artillery ammunition and melee weapons. Main mechanical fuse includes housing, pyrotechnical safety device, impact mechanism with inertial body and percussion igniter mechanism, as well as a centrifugal safety mechanism and a self-destruct mechanism, which together with a percussion igniter mechanism are arranged in an inertial body configured to axially and transversely move thereon after cocking. Inertial body has annular flange supporting relative to housing, shifted towards fuse bottom relative to inertial body center of mass, housing is equipped with cap. Pyrotechnical safety device is made in form of sleeve with pyrotechnic composition and is arranged between inertial body and cap.

EFFECT: reduction of the fuse size along the length with simultaneous increase in the impact action reliability on any types of obstacles in the wide range of the meeting angles.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to lead mechanical fuses of percussion for artillery ammunition and close combat weapons.

Known head small impact fuse according to patent RU 2242704 C1, class. F42C 1/04, 1999, containing a highly sensitive reaction striking mechanism that works on any “loose” obstacles, including snow, but it has significant dimensions in length, which at a given ammunition length reduces the size of the warhead and, accordingly, the effectiveness of the ammunition. In addition, this fuse can fail when bouncing over strong obstacles (when meeting the obstacle at small angles) when the retractable sensitive element of the percussion mechanism does not touch the obstacle.

The closest (prototype) to the proposed is a fuse according to patent RU 2247934 C1, class. F42C 1/02, 15/20, 2003, containing a housing, a pyrotechnic fuse, an inertial-body impact mechanism and a firing mechanism with side-action with a wide range of target angles, but with low sensitivity when meeting with “loose” »Obstacles such as wet soil, water, etc. This device, having a small diameter, is optimal for fragmentation-free ammunition with a central fuse location. But significant dimensions in length limit its use in fragmentation munitions (with a head or bottom arrangement), because the size of the warhead is reduced and the effectiveness of the ammunition is reduced. Also, this fuse does not have a self-liquidator, which in case of failure by contact action leads to "mining" of the area.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the size of the fuse along the length while increasing the reliability of the shock action, both on solid and "loose" obstacles, in a wide range of meeting angles.

The technical result of increasing the reliability of the impact, both on solid and on "loose" barriers, in a wide range of viewing angles with a simultaneous decrease in size along the length is provided due to the fact that in the head mechanical fuse (paragraph 1 of the claims) containing the housing , a pyrotechnic fuse, an inertial-body impact mechanism and a firing mechanism, it further comprises a centrifugal safety mechanism and a self-liquidating mechanism, which together with the firing ignition mechanism The eel mechanism is placed in an inertial body, made with the possibility of axial and lateral movement after cocking, having an annular flange supporting the body, offset towards the bottom of the fuse relative to the center of mass of the inertial body, the body is equipped with a cap, and the pyrotechnic fuse is made in the form of a sleeve with a pyrotechnic composition and placed between the inertial body and the cap.

At the bottom of the pyrotechnic fuse sleeve (paragraph 2 of the claims), a conical hole may be formed corresponding to the conical protrusion on the fuse cap, and the firing pin has an expanded end face adjacent to the composition of the pyrotechnic fuse.

The pyrotechnic fuse (claim 3 of the claims) may have a two-layer pressing of the pyrotechnic compositions, consisting of a highly sensitive non-slag layer from the bottom of the sleeve and a less sensitive slag layer from the end face of the drummer, while the end face of the drummer has a disk shape and radial grooves are made in the bottom of the sleeve .

In the prototype, the inertial body of the shock mechanism is made in the form of a separate part, which, if necessary, the placement of other functional units in the product limits the possibility of increasing its mass and, accordingly, the sensitivity of the shock mechanism. The sensitivity of the shock mechanism in the present invention is increased due to an increase in the mass of the inertial body, which actually acts as a body part, which includes all the fuse mechanisms, except for the pyrotechnic fuse. Increased lateral sensitivity of the impact mechanism is provided due to the fact that the inertial body after cocking the fuse at small angles of contact with obstacles has the ability to rotate relative to the support annular flange. Moreover, to ensure maximum lateral sensitivity, the annular flange should be maximally shifted to the bottom of the fuse. At the same time, in rotating ammunition with an eccentricity of the center of mass of the inertial body relative to the axis of rotation and the placement of the flange in the lower part of the inertial body, the shock mechanism can lose stability from centrifugal force and the fuse is trajectory. Therefore, the position of the supporting annular flange should be between the bottom of the fuse and the center of mass of the inertial body of the impact mechanism and is calculated from the ratio of the moments of forces acting on the inertial body from the centrifugal force due to its eccentricity of the mass and the holding moment of the spring force of the impactor relative to the supporting flange.

The technical result of increasing reliability during side-impact action according to claim 2 of the formula is ensured by the fact that at the base of the pyrotechnic fuse sleeve there is a conical hole corresponding to the conical protrusion on the fuse cap. This minimizes the angle of rotation of the inertial body during side-to-side action to ensure reliable initiation of the transfer charge by the detonator capsule. Moreover, calculations performed by computer simulation show that the angle of rotation of the inertial body decreases not only compared to flat surfaces on the fuse sleeve and cap, but also compared to the embodiment of the conical protrusion on the sleeve and the conical hole on the cap. To reduce the angle of rotation of the inertial body, it is also necessary to fulfill the maximum possible diameters of the fuse liner and the end face of the striker, taking into account the possibility of placing other mechanisms in the inertial body (flare-igniter, self-liquidator, etc.). From these conditions, the optimal excess of the diameter of the end face of the striker relative to the axial stroke of the striker was (3 ... 5) times.

The technical result of providing the required long-range cocking time with a small fuse length according to claim 3 of the formula is ensured by the fact that the pyrotechnic fuse has a two-layer press-fit of the pyrotechnic compositions: highly sensitive to ignition, slag-free and less sensitive, but with possible slag formation, from the side of the firing pin. This is due to the fact that highly sensitive to ignition, slag-free (slag mass up to 5% of the mass of the initial composition), as a rule, have a significant burning rate, which does not allow to provide the required cocking distance for the fuse with small linear dimensions. Slag (slag mass - 80 ... 95%) compositions have a lower burning rate, but create a barrier to the full movement of the drummer to the cocked position. So that the slags do not interfere with the movement of the striker, its end face, facing the composition, does not rest on the entire surface, but only on the periphery, and in the center the striker has a recess (plate-shaped), where hot slags can move. Part of the slag is squeezed out through the grooves in the upper part of the fuse sleeve, through which the composition is also ignited. The presence of an insensitive slag composition also prevents unauthorized fuse starting from the side of the hammer.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 - longitudinal section of the fuse in an unbroken position through the engine and self-destructive;

in FIG. 2 - cross section of the fuse in the area of the engine;

in FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section through a centrifugal safety mechanism and a firing mechanism;

in FIG. 4 - longitudinal section of the fuse in cocked position;

in FIG. 5 is a longitudinal section through the fuse when the self-destruction mechanism is triggered or during side-by-side action.

The fuse consists of the following mechanisms:

- distant cocking;

- flash-igniter;

- centrifugal safety;

- self-liquidation;

- shock.

The long-cocking mechanism (Fig. 1) consists of a pyrotechnic fuse in the form of pyrotechnic compositions 1 and 2, pressed into the sleeve 3, the hammer 4, the spring 5, the engine 6 with the spring 7 and is designed to ensure the fuse cocking at a given distance.

The flare-igniter mechanism (Fig. 3) consists of an igniter capsule 8, a stinger 9, a spring 10 and is designed to ignite the composition 1 of the pyrotechnic fuse and the composition 11 (Fig. 1) of the self-liquidation mechanism.

The centrifugal safety mechanism (Fig. 3) consists of a centrifugal stopper 12, a spring 13 and is designed to block the cocking of the engine 6 during unauthorized burnout or chipping of the pyrotechnic fuse.

The self-destruction mechanism (Fig. 1) consists of a pyrotechnic composition 11, a charge of 14, and is designed to detonate a grenade in case of failure of the shock mechanism.

The percussion mechanism consists of an inertial body 15, an impactor 4, a spring 5 and is designed to ensure the incidence of the detonator capsule 16 when a grenade meets an obstacle.

The fuse chain consists of a detonator capsule 16 and a transfer charge 17 and is designed to provide detonation of a grenade when meeting with a target.

All mechanisms are placed in the housing 18 and are closed by a cap 19.

To simplify the design and reduce the overall length, the fuse is arranged in such a way that part of the parts and assemblies combine the functions of various mechanisms.

In official use, the detonator capsule 16 in the engine 6 is offset from the firing pin 4 and the transfer charge 17. The engine 6 is kept from moving by the firing pin 4, the disk end of which abuts against the pyrotechnic fuse 2. The engine 6 is additionally blocked by the stopper 12 (Fig. 3) of the centrifugal safety mechanism.

When fired, the igniter capsule 8 under the action of inertia from the linear acceleration of the grenade, overcoming the resistance of the spring 10, compresses it and impinges on the tip 9. The beam of fire from the igniter capsule 8 through the hole in the inertial body 15 and the grooves in the sleeve 3 ignites the composition 1 and composition 11 (Fig. 1) in a self-liquidator.

On the flight under the action of centrifugal forces from the rotation of the grenade, the stopper 12 (Fig. 3), compressing the spring 13, disengages from the engine 6. After the burnout of compositions 1 and 2, the hammer 4, under the action of the spring 5, squeezes out the plastic slag of the compositions in a hot state and leaves gearing with the engine 6 (Fig. 4). The engine 6 under the action of the spring 7 is cocked into a combat position while the detonator capsule 16 (Fig. 4) rises along the axis with the hammer 4 and the transfer charge 17.

When meeting the target, the inertial body 15 (Fig. 5), under the action of inertia forces, overcoming the resistance of the spring 5, moves together with the engine 6, held by the cap 20, upward and causes the impactor 4 to puncture the detonator capsule 16, the operation of which leads to detonation of the transfer charge 17. When meeting with an obstacle at small angles from the surface (with side-impact action), the inertial body 15 rotates relative to the support annular flange 21, which also causes puncture by the hammer 6 of the detonator capsule 16.

If the contact action is refused, after the self-liquidation time after the burn-out of the composition 11 expires, the charge 14 is activated. The gases from its operation, locked by the slags of the composition 11, push the inertial body 15 upwards, and the hammer 4 impales the detonator capsule 16, which causes the transfer charge 17 .

During self-liquidator operation or during side-by-side operation, the inertial body 15 rotates relative to the support annular flange 21. In this case, the direction of motion of the explosion products of the detonator capsule 16 is somewhat shifted from the axis of the transfer charge 17, which can lead to failures in the detonation transmission. To reduce the angle of rotation, the diameters of the sleeve 3 of the fuse and the end face of the striker 4 are made as possible as possible, taking into account the possibility of placing 15 other mechanisms in the inertia body (flash-igniter and self-liquidator), and at the base of the sleeve 3 of the pyrotechnic fuse, there is a conical hole with the top of the cone down, corresponding to the conical protrusion on the hood 19 fuse.

The advantages of the present invention are not only a decrease in the fuse size along the length and a simultaneous increase in the sensitivity of the shock action along the "loose" barriers, but also a decrease in the complexity of its manufacture. Due to the new arrangement of mechanisms and the combination of their functions, the number of parts without complicating them is reduced and the complexity of manufacturing a fuse is reduced. So, for example, in the claimed design contains 20 parts, in the design of the analogue according to patent RU 2242704, class. F42C 1/04 contains 34 parts, in the prototype of patent RU 2247934, class. F42C 1/02 also has 20 parts, but in the embodiment with the introduction of a self-liquidator and a centrifugal safety mechanism (to provide the same functionality) contains 31 parts.

Analysis of the claimed technical solution according to the research shows that the claimed object has significant differences from known analogues and meets the criterion of "novelty", and is also able to achieve the necessary technical result, which clearly does not follow from the existing level of technology, that is, meets the criterion of "inventive step ".

According to the claimed design made prototypes and tested with satisfactory results. The design of the fuse is recommended for serial production and meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (3)

1. The lead mechanical fuse, comprising a housing, a pyrotechnic fuse, an inertial-body impact mechanism, and a firing mechanism, characterized in that it further comprises a centrifugal safety mechanism and a self-eliminating mechanism, which, together with the firing mechanism, are housed in an inertial body made with the possibility of axial and lateral movement after cocking, having an annular flange supporting relative to the body, offset towards the bottom of the fuse relative to the center of mass of the inertial body, the housing is equipped with a cap, and the pyrotechnic fuse is made in the form of a sleeve with a pyrotechnic composition and is placed between the inertial body and the cap. 2. The lead mechanical fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that a conical hole is made in the bottom of the pyrotechnic fuse sleeve, which responds to a conical protrusion on the fuse cap, and the firing pin has an expanded end face adjacent to the composition of the pyrotechnic fuse. 3. The main mechanical fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrotechnic fuse has a two-layer press-fit of the pyrotechnic compositions, consisting of a highly sensitive non-slag layer from the bottom of the sleeve and a less sensitive slag layer from the side of the drummer end, while the end face of the drummer has a plate shape, and radial grooves are made in the bottom of the sleeve.

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