RU2234050C1 - Nose fuse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: remote combination double-action (impact and time) fuses.

SUBSTANCE: the nose fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges has a body, in which coaxially in succession positioned are the central rod pressing the end of the tapered fairing by the supporting head, axial firing pin, primer cap, shutter of the fire-transfer channel with a powder charge, delay pellet plug and a safety device of the radial detonating cap coupled by means a pyrotechnic channel to the self-destruction pricking mechanism a peripheral annular groove with radial inclined slots is made in the body under the tapered fairing positioned in which are the balls of the impact reaction mechanism of the axial firing pin resting on the helical lock of the inertia cocking mechanism positioned inside the movable bushing installed over the annular groove of the mounting support. The novelty is in the fact that the axial firing pin of the primer cap is fastened in an additional striker mounted for longitudinal movement relative to the body in the annular groove of the mounting support, under which a receiver is made in the axial fire-transfer channel.

EFFECT: enhanced functional reliability and sensitivity of the nose fuse at limit angles of impact of the shell with the target at low speeds of its flight at the maximum range.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to remote combined fuses of double action, shock and time, triggered by inertial movement of mechanisms when meeting with an obstacle and after a specified period of time from the moment of the shot; determined by the combustion of the powder element of the self-destruction mechanism; containing a spring cocking mechanism and a safety device that prevents spontaneous detonation of the fuse in official use and at a distance.

The prior art in this area is characterized by the MG-25 head fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges of unitary loading, which contains an igniter capsule and a coaxial sting of an impact reaction mechanism, an inertial cocking mechanism, a detonator beam capsule equipped with a self-eliminating fire chain with safety and retarding devices described in book "23-mm twin unit ZU-2." M .: Military Publishing House, 1961, p.102-103, Fig. 14.3 and 14.4.

In the axial channel of the end face of the housing, closed by a membrane, a rod is installed by means of a centering head with the ability to move to the stinger of the shock mechanism mounted on a spiral lock spring located in an annular sleeve resting on a transverse partition of the longitudinal groove.

Between the igniter capsule and the detonator capsule there is a labyrinth fire retardant sleeve closed by a protective gasket.

The disadvantages of this fuse are its low functional reliability on the trajectory of the projectiles to the target due to the high sensitivity of the shock mechanism triggered by rain, hail and dust, from mechanical influences on the end membrane in the gun feed paths, as well as the poor protection of the beam detonator capsule from triggering of the self-liquidation mechanism in official circulation in the event of accidental shock and falling or from ignition during overheating in the power supply paths of the automation of artillery systems, especially at stops between bursts of fire.

In addition, the design of the labyrinth retarder determines the technological complexity of manufacturing in serial production on high-precision unique equipment, and also limits the range and range of self-destruction distance.

The noted drawbacks are eliminated in the lead fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges according to patent 2205362, F 42 C 9/14, 2001, selected as the closest analogue, by the number of matching features and technical nature, containing a housing in which the central shaft is coaxially arranged , pressing the end head of the conical fairing, axial sting, igniter capsule, shutter of the fire transfer channel with powder charge, retarding sleeve and the fuse of the detonator beam capsule nnogo by pyrotechnic channel nakolnym self-destruct mechanism.

A peripheral annular groove with radial inclined grooves is made in the fuse case under the conical fairing, in which are located the balls of the shock reaction mechanism of the axial tip, resting on the spiral stop of the inertial cocking mechanism, located inside the movable sleeve mounted above the annular groove of the transverse jumper (mounting support).

In the well-known inertial-reaction head fuse, the main service characteristics of the destination are improved when used in small-caliber cartridges in terms of cocking the self-destruction mechanism and expanding the range of its operation distance, while safety in official handling of the cartridges is improved.

This fuse is all-weather, that is, a given discontinuous action on the trajectory does not depend on the state of the atmosphere.

A monolithic, rigid head of a rounded central rod protects the fuse’s membrane from dynamic loads and mechanical stresses in the power paths of the gun’s automation, and secondly, it fixes the membrane rigidly on top of the casing.

The conical shape of the membrane, made in the form of a fairing, reduces the sensitivity of the shock mechanism to the effects of precipitation on the flight path and ensures all-weather use of the fuse.

The membrane of the head part of the body that is deformable when meeting for the purpose serves as a shock drive for the movement of the balls along the inclined radial grooves to the axial pruning tip.

A transverse shutter equipped with a powder stopper in the axial deceleration channel prevents the accidental operation of the igniter capsule and the transmission of the radiation pulse to the detonator capsule and the premature burst of the projectile.

An additional mechanism for protecting the inertial action from the centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile prevents the detonator capsule from accidentally charging the self-destruction mechanism in official circulation, which increases the technological safety of the maintenance of ammunition.

This fuse works flawlessly when meeting in lightly armored targets - infantry fighting vehicles, aircraft, automobiles, etc.

However, the disadvantage of the known head fuse is the unsatisfactory functional reliability at low flight speeds of the shells at the maximum range and at extreme (up to rebound) viewing angles with the aim that the braking reaction forces on the obstacle and the deformation of the conical fairing-membrane may not be enough for the dynamic forced feed of the axial sting to igniter capsule and its pricking.

In addition, the expressive transfer of fire force from the igniter capsule to the remote beam detonator capsule is not structurally ensured, which limits the time of projectile detonation, which affects the effectiveness of its fragmentation effect.

The problem to which the present invention is directed, is to increase the functional reliability of the head fuse to increase the effectiveness of the main damaging effects of ammunition.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known main fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges, comprising a housing in which a central rod, an adjacent conical nose end, an axial stinger, an igniter capsule, a fire-retardant channel shutter with a powder charge, are retarded and a fuse for the radiation detonator capsule connected by means of the pyrotechnic channel to the self-liquidation self-liquidation mechanism, while in the housing under the conical fairing, a peripheral annular groove is made with radial inclined grooves, where the balls of the shock reaction mechanism of the axial tip are located, resting on the spiral stopper of the inertial cocking mechanism, located inside the movable sleeve mounted above the annular groove of the mounting support, according to the invention, the axial stinger of the igniter capsule is fixed in an additional hammer mounted with the possibility of longitudinal movement relative to the housing in the annular groove of the mounting support, p d is the axial channel of the body is formed ogneperedatochnom receiver.

Distinctive features ensured an increase in the functional reliability of the main fuse due to the organized formation of the triggering force of the flame in the receiver of the axial channel of the housing, informing the versatility of the action of its shock reaction mechanism for forcing a sting tip to the igniter capsule in all modes of projectile meeting, thereby increasing sensitivity and efficiency the action of the head fuse at low flight speeds of shells at maximum range and limiting angles Strachey for the purpose.

An additional impactor, in which the axial sting of the igniter capsule is fixed, increases the inertial mass, which increases the impulse of impaling to form a firing force.

The reliability of the transmission of the shock pulse from the deformable conical fairing penetrating the obstacle to the axial sting is ensured by the developed contact surface of the striker with the pressure balls. The minimum impact of the balls is sufficient to force the axial sting to be supplied to the igniter capsule, that is, the reactive sensitivity of the stinger energy drive elements to inhibitory overloads is increased.

The receiver in the longitudinal channel of the housing under the igniter capsule serves to form a highly directional fire force, which provides a dynamic launch of the executive protonator capsule.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve the novelty of quality that is not inherent in the characteristics of disunity, thus the technical problem is solved.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - head fuse in the context;

figure 2 is the same cocked position.

The invention is illustrated by an example of a fuse for an artillery 30-mm cartridge for automatic gun 2A42.

In the case 1 of the head fuse in the axial channel 2 are installed sequentially from the bottom up: a beam detonator capsule 3 of the A-30T brand, a safety device 4, a retarding sleeve 5, a shutter 6, an igniter 7 and a sting 8 fixed in the hammer 9, and on the front end of the housing 1 is fixed to the Central rod 10 with the support head 11.

The head 11 of the central rod 10 rigidly presses a conical fairing 12 to the end of the housing 1, under which a peripheral annular groove 13 is made in the housing 1, provided with three radial grooves 14 of the message with an axial tip 8 inclined to the longitudinal axis at an angle of 45 degrees. In the grooves 14 are freely located pressure balls 15 with a diameter of 3.5 mm, which together with the fairing 12 act as a shock reaction mechanism when meeting with a target or obstacle.

The tip 8 in the axial channel 2 of the housing 1 in the upper initial position by means of the hammer 9 is held on a coaxial safety stopper 16 made of a spirally twisted elastic copper tape, which is placed inside the annular sleeve 17, resting on the transverse gasket 18, overlapping the longitudinal groove 19 in the mounting support 20 under the sleeve 17 mounted in the channel 2 with the possibility of longitudinal movement relative to the housing 1.

The axial channel 2 under the igniter 7 is equipped with a receiver 21, below which there is a shutter 6 mounted on the powder charge 22, fixed in the position when it overlaps the channel 2. The powder charge 22 is communicated in the fire pyrotechnic channel 23 of the self-destruction mechanism, including the igniter 24 , tightened by a spring 25, and a sting 26 fixed under it.

Pyrotechnic channel 23 through an amplifying charge communicates with channel 2 below the retardation sleeve 5 (conventionally not shown in the drawing), a top-closed gasket 27.

The safety device 4 includes an expansion chamber 28 and a gasket 29 closing the outlet to the detonator capsule 3 from below, between which the engine 30 is mounted with the possibility of lateral movement, spring-loaded with a profile bracket 31 acting as a leaf spring. In the initial position, the engine 30 blocks the axial channel 2, that is, access to the detonator capsule 3.

The fuse operates as follows. At the time of the shot, under the influence of inertia forces from linear acceleration of the projectile in the barrel bore, the guns 17 move down the sleeve 17 and the igniter capsule 24 of the self-destruction mechanism. In this case, the sleeve 17 bends the gasket 18 and is installed in the groove 19 of the mounting support 20, releasing the spirally twisted strip of the stopper 16, and the igniter 24, compressing the spring 25, impinges on the sting 26, igniting the pyrotechnic composition of the labyrinth channel 23 and the powder charge by fire 22 shutter 6.

Under the action of centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile, the stopper tape 16 is untwisted, releasing the stops of the striker 9, which carries the axial sting 8, and the engine 30, pressing the bracket 31, moves to the periphery of the chamber 28 and releases the inlet of the channel 2 of the safety device 4.

The stopper tape 16 is completely untwisted at a distance of 1.5-3.0 m flight distance, releasing the axial sting 8, inertially pressed to the grooves 14 of the housing 1, which is guaranteed to hold the sting 8 in its highest position. Balls 15 under the action of centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile adjacent to the fairing 12.

Further, at a distance of at least 20 m flight and guaranteed up to 100 m (according to tactical and technical requirements), the powder charge 22 burns out and releases the shutter 6, which is moved by centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile to the periphery, opening the axial channel 2. At the same time, the energies partially leaked into the axial channel 2 of hot gases and particulate matter is not enough to burn through gasket 27 of sleeve 5.

Fuse actuators cocked and ready to go.

When meeting with a target, the head 11 of the rod 10 and the fuse case 1 penetrate through a thin-walled barrier, where the conical fairing 12 is spatially deformed and removed along the profile of the housing 1. In this case, the conical fairing 12 dynamically radially overcomes the void of the annular groove 13 and transmits a shock pulse to the adjacent balls 15, which dynamically move along the inclined grooves 14 to the center, pushing the drummer 9 with the sting 8 along the axial channel 2 until the latter meets the igniter 7 and pricking it.

The additional mass, together with the stinger 8 of the moving striker 9, increases the reliability of the operation of the igniter 7, including the limiting angles of meeting at maximum flight range at minimum speed, up to rebound.

In this case, the tip 8 dynamically receives a pulse of working movement through the hammer 9, which has a developed contact surface with the pressure balls 15, which ensures their inevitable interaction for the forced supply of the tip 8 to the igniter 7. This increases the functional reliability of the fuse and ammunition as a whole.

Powder gases and solid particles of the combustion products of the pyrotechnic composition of the igniter capsule 7 accumulate in the receiver 21, which then flow out in an organized manner from the throttling output axial channel 2 of the device 4 in the form of a flame force.

The fire pulse from the igniter capsule 7 is transmitted through channel 2, burning the gasket 27, through the sleeve 5, the open safety device 4, and then, burning the gasket 29, to the beam detonator capsule 3, which is triggered, initiating an explosive charge of the projectile.

In the case when the projectile does not meet the target at a distance of 4 km, the pyrotechnic charge in channel 22 burns out within 15 seconds after the shot. Gaseous products of combustion enter the bushing 5 of channel 2, and then into the expansion chamber 28, where they accumulate, burn the gasket 29 and, with a directed stream from the outlet of the channel 2 of the safety device 4, enter the detonator capsule 3 - the shell self-destructs.

In cases that are possible during official handling, when the inertial capsule-igniter 24 is punctured by unauthorized shocks and drops, or is ignited in the chamber and power paths of the automatic gun from overheating, for example, when firing is stopped, the radiation pulse from the fire circuit of channel 23 to the capsule the detonator 3 will not be received, because the output of the safety device 4 is blocked by the engine 30, which is cocked only under the action of centrifugal forces on the flight path of the rotating projectile.

When shooting in conditions of atmospheric precipitation and dusty air, raindrops, hail and solid aerosol particles ricochet from the conical surface of the fairing 12, which significantly reduces the momentum on the pressed balls 15, which are loaded with centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile, which prevents them from moving to the center, excluding interaction with the hammer 9 axial sting 8.

The fuse of the proposed design is intended for use in the assembly of unitary cartridges with high-explosive fragmentation and fragmentation tracer shells designed to combat ground unarmored vehicles and enemy manpower at a distance of up to 4 kilometers, as well as air targets at a height of up to 2000 m and an inclined range of up to 2500 m, is all-weather and universal.

According to a comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the prior art, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for an ammunition specialist, showed that it is not known, and taking into account the possibility of industrial serial production of a head fuse, it can be concluded that the patentability criteria are met.

Claims (1)

A head detonator for small-caliber artillery cartridges, comprising a housing in which a central rod coaxially arranged sequentially, pressing the conical fairing end face against the support head, an axial stinger, an igniter capsule, a fire transfer channel shutter with a powder charge, a retardation sleeve and a beam capsule detonator fuse, a detonator, is connected a pyrotechnic channel with a self-liquidating mechanism, while a peripheral annular ring is made in the housing under the conical fairing Avka with radial inclined grooves, where the balls of the reaction mechanism of the axial stinger are located, resting on the spiral stop of the inertial cocking mechanism, located inside the movable sleeve mounted above the annular groove of the mounting support, characterized in that the axial sting of the igniter capsule is fixed in an additional hammer mounted with the possibility of longitudinal movement relative to the housing in the annular groove of the mounting support, under which a resi is made in the axial fire transfer channel of the housing ver.

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