RU2412426C1 - Nose fuse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapon and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: nose fuse comprises beam detonating cap and igniting cap, which communicate via membrane gate in central fire-transfer channel, and axial bit of igniting cap is equipped with inertial cocking mechanism and interacts with impact reaction mechanism of drive, including balls installed in radial slots, inclined towards centre from peripheral groove in rounded head of bode, to which conical fairing adjoins. At the same time above detonating cap there is receiver switched with central fire transfer channel and pyrotechnical channel of self-destruction mechanism, including igniting cap movably mounted above needlepoint. Nose fuse is additionally equipped with two safety stages arranged in the form of gate valves, one of which rests against burning stop and is placed in central fire-transfer channel between igniting cap and membrane gate, and the second one is installed above throttling hole of receiver inside collet clamp.

EFFECT: improved safety in service and functional reliability.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to remote combined fuses of double action, shock and time, triggered when meeting with an obstacle and after a specified period of time from the moment of the shot, determined by the combustion of the powder element of the self-destruction mechanism.

The level of this technical field is characterized by the combined-type remote fuse according to patent RU 2205362 C2, F42C 9/14, 2001, comprising a housing in which an igniter capsule, an axial stinger, a retarding sleeve, a gasket closed, a fuse, a beam detonator capsule are installed and self-destruction mechanism.

The axial sting has an inertial cocking mechanism, including a spiral stopper placed inside a longitudinally movable sleeve, supported by a gasket above the annular groove, and connected with a shock reaction mechanism, the balls of which are freely placed in radial channels inclined from the peripheral annular groove to the center.

The fuse body is equipped with a central head rod with a support spherical head, under which a thin-walled fairing is pinched conical, covering the peripheral annular groove to exit through the inclined channels of the balls under the action of centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile on the flight path to the target. In this case, the balls are supported by a fairing, which serves as a membrane that initiates the fuse from mechanical deformation when introduced into the barrier.

This head fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges is characterized by all-weather use, that is, its predetermined discontinuous effect on the flight path does not depend on the state of the atmosphere, since the percussion mechanism is insensitive to the dynamic effects of hail, rain and dust, as well as the increased safety of combat use, which is provided by the mechanism distant cocking.

The latter circumstance is important for a ground-based artillery complex, where the trajectory of the projectile can go through its own positions, in the presence of such starting interference for the fuse as tree branches, bushes, etc.

However, the presence of an extended head rod with a support head for safe dynamic interaction with the mechanisms of the power supply path of the automatic gun significantly reduces the useful volume of the fuse, reducing the dimensions of the firing circuit of the ignition force, which leads to increased fuse speed, in which the projectile is detonated when it encounters a target . This dramatically reduces the effectiveness of fragmentation compared to undermining a projectile inside military equipment.

The retarding sleeve installed in the longitudinal groove of the housing between the igniter capsule and the executive beam detonator capsule, together with the safety mechanism, does not provide a sufficient delay time for the fuse to be triggered behind the obstacle, especially in shells of 23 mm cartridges for artillery systems ZSU-23 and ZU-23, where the practical implementation of the described design is not technically possible due to the cramped volume.

The noted disadvantages are eliminated in the lead fuse according to the patent RU 2255300 C1, F42C 9/14, 2005, which, according to the technical nature and the number of matching features, is selected as the closest analogue to the proposed fuse.

The well-known head fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges contains a self-eradication mechanism initiated by a nakolik, whose igniter capsule is connected to the executive beam detonator capsule via a pyrotechnic channel, and the igniter capsule is sequentially mounted in the axial fire-transfer channel of the housing, and the retardation device is in the form of a membrane shutter and res peripheral throttling holes, located above the beam detonator capsule.

The stepwise sting of the axial igniter capsule is equipped with an inertial cocking mechanism and is associated with a shock reaction initiation mechanism.

The inertial cocking mechanism includes a spiral stopper located inside the movable sleeve, which is mounted on a gasket above the annular groove in the transverse jumper of the housing.

The shock reaction mechanism contains balls placed in the radial grooves of the housing, inclined from the peripheral annular groove closed by the conical fairing to the center, where the massive sting step is located above the igniter capsule.

A feature of the well-known head fuse is that a conical thin-walled cowl is mounted on top of the head end of the body, forming a monolithic unity, constructive and functional.

In this case, the fuse volume is released to accommodate the structural elements of large dimensions, providing a predetermined time delay for the fuse to operate beyond the barrier: inside the affected equipment.

The thin-walled conical fairing, coupled with the massive rounded shape of the head of the fuse, does not deform due to dynamic loads in the gun’s supply paths, while the balls of the shock reaction mechanism freely adjoin the thin-walled fairing, which is protected from mechanical deformation.

The membrane shutter of the longitudinal channel of the hull, together with the labyrinth firing channel of the receiver, which has throttled communication openings with the beam detonator capsule, provided a predetermined temporary delay in the transmission of the initiating pulse to detonate the projectile behind the obstacle, inside the military equipment, which increases the efficiency of its fragmentation and high-explosive fragmentation defeat.

A continuation of the advantages of the well-known head fuse is its inherent disadvantages: an excessively high speed of the cocking mechanism, which does not exclude the fuse in the barrel or above its own firing position, as well as possible unauthorized detonation during official handling, in particular as a result of the firing mechanism triggered by drops, bumps fuse, projectile, cartridge, or from ignition of pyrotechnic compositions during overheating in the gun’s power paths after the firing of a burst and. In the latter case, force from the triggered pyrotechnic channel, bypassing the membrane shutter of the axial channel of the housing, is transmitted directly to the executive detonator capsule, which causes unacceptable detonation.

The technical problem to which the present invention is directed is to eliminate the noted drawbacks in order to increase the functional reliability and safety in the official circulation of a universal head fuse.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that a well-known head fuse, comprising a beam detonator capsule and an igniter capsule communicating through a membrane shutter in a central fire transfer channel, the axial sting of which is equipped with an inertial cocking mechanism and interacts with a shock reaction mechanism of the drive, including balls mounted in radial grooves inclined toward the center from the peripheral groove in the rounded head of the housing to which the conical fairing is adjacent, while above the caps According to the invention, the receiver is connected to the central fire transfer channel and the pyrotechnic channel of the self-liquidation mechanism, which includes an igniter capsule movably mounted above the nakolik, according to the invention and is equipped with two protection stages made in the form of slide gate valves, one of which is supported by a burning stopper and placed in the central fire transfer channel between the igniter capsule and the membrane shutter, and the second is mounted above the throttle opening receiver within the collet chuck, the slide valve stopper sgorayuschiy ogneperedatochnogo central channel formed as a powder charge, is associated with ignition fuse self-destruct mechanism and the pitch collet are formed as leaf springs clamped cantilever mounted on stepped abutments.

Distinctive features, due to equipping the head fuse with two additional stages of protection, provided increased safety in official handling and functional reliability of the fuses themselves, as well as during the operation of small-caliber projectiles equipped with them for artillery cartridges.

The first stage of protection is provided by installing in the receiver, above its throttling hole, a centrifugal gate, which is held by two leaf spring-petals of the collet clamp, inertially squeezed when fired at the level of their support widened from the center.

This prevents the fuse from triggering in official use from accidentally cocking the self-destruction mechanism, for example, during a fall, or from igniting the pyrotechnic channel in the overheated gun feed paths, which is possible when high-rate firing is stopped. In this case, the force of the flame from the triggered pyrotechnic channel is localized in the receiver and is not transmitted to the beam detonator capsule, since the throttle opening of the receiver remains blocked by the gate, which is held in the lock of the fixed leaf springs.

The second stage of protection is a transverse valve, which mechanically closes the longitudinal fire transfer channel of the body for the time the cartridge is removed in flight from the firing position by 20 m (until the powder charge stops). This prevents the unauthorized earlier operation of the beam detonator capsule, which is isolated for the duration of the burning of the powder charge of the valve stop from the initiating pulse of the fired igniter capsule. Thus, the detonation of a shell near a combat position (1.5-3.0 m in analogues), which is dangerous for personnel and military equipment, is excluded.

Consequently, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in stable unity is sufficient to achieve a novelty of quality that is not inherent in signs of disunity, that is, the technical problem is solved not by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect on the sum of the attributes.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the prior art, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for an ammunition specialist, showed that it is not known, and taking into account the possibility of industrial serial production of an improved head fuse in an existing production, we can conclude that the criteria are met patentability.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which have a purely illustrative purpose and do not limit the scope of claims of the totality of the essential features of the formula. The drawings show:

figure 1 - head fuse, a longitudinal section;

figure 2 is a view of figure 1;

figure 3 is the same, bottom view (without receiver cover).

In the axial channel 1 of the head fuse housing 2, successively from top to bottom, the following are installed: a step tip 3, an igniter 4, a transverse valve 5, a membrane shutter 6 of a retardation sleeve 7, a centrifugal gate 8 of the receiver 9, and an executive beam detonator 10.

The massive stage of the tip 3 rests on a safety stopper 11 made of a spirally twisted tape, which is placed in a longitudinally movable sleeve 12, supported by a cardboard strip 13 mounted on the transverse jumper 14.

An annular groove 15 is made in the transverse jumper 14 under the sleeve 12.

The upper part of the massive stage of the tip 3 is adjacent to the radial grooves 16 of the housing 2, in which the balls 17 are freely located. The radial grooves 1 6 are inclined from the peripheral groove 18 in the housing 2 to the center, where the balls 17 rest on the massive stage of the tip 3 from above.

The peripheral groove 18 is covered by a thin-walled fairing 19, which is mounted on the housing 2 and congruently adjacent to its spherical shape with a monolithic head end, forming a constructive unity.

Part of the fairing 19 above the groove 18 of the housing 2 and the balls 17 in inclined radial grooves 16 form a shock reaction mechanism for moving the tip 3 to the igniter 4 coaxially mounted under it.

In parallel to the fire-transfer channel 1 in the housing 2, an inertial firing mechanism is arranged as part of a stationary sting 20 and spring-loaded 21 igniter capsule 22 associated with a stop 23 made in the form of a powder charge of the lateral valve 5 of the axial channel 5 of the housing 2.

Pyrotechnic channel 24 is adjacent to the igniter capsule 22, which directly communicates with the receiver 9 (not shown conditionally).

The firing mechanism in conjunction with the pyrotechnic channel 24, which serves as a temporary delay in the combustion of the composition, form a device for self-destruction of the projectile.

Under the transverse valve 5 in the axial channel 1 of the housing 2, a slow-down sleeve 7 is mounted (as a gas-dynamic resistance), covered with a membrane shutter 6 made of copper foil, the thickness of which provides a temporary delay for the hot products to melt the combustion products of the pyrotechnic composition of the igniter 4 needed to remove the projectile in flight at 20-80 m from the place of the shot.

The retarding sleeve 7 communicates with the receiver 9, in which a centrifugal gate 8 is mounted that overlaps the throttling hole 25, directed to the executive detonator capsule 10.

The centrifugal gate 8 is mounted with the possibility of relative longitudinal movement in the radial guide groove 26 of the receiver 9 (FIGS. 2 and 3) and at the same time it is fixed at the end by leaf springs 27 forming a collet clamp, which are cantilevered jammed from the opposite side.

The free ends of the leaf springs 27, which have the ability to inertia rotate in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the gate 8, are elastically supported by step stops 28.

The fuse operates as follows.

At the moment of the shot, under the influence of inertia from linear acceleration of the projectile in the channel of the gun barrel, the cocking mechanism sleeve 12, the self-ignition mechanism igniter 22 and the free ends of the leaf springs 27 move at the end of the gate 8 mounted in the receiver 9.

The sleeve 12 bends the split gasket 13 and is installed in the annular groove 15 of the transverse jumper 14, releasing the spiral strip of the safety stopper 11.

The igniter capsule 22, compressing the spring 21, impinges on the sting 20 and the fire force initiates ignition of the pyrotechnic composition of the channel 24 and the powder charge of the stop 23.

The leaf springs 27 fall to a level wider than the stops 28 located from the center of the steps, where they deviate by the elastic forces from the longitudinal axis of the guide groove 26, releasing the gate 8 from the geometrical closure, which, under the action of centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile in the channel of the rifled gun barrel, is shifted along the radially located guide the groove 26 to the extreme peripheral position. In this case, the throttling hole 25 of the receiver 9 communicates with the axial fire transfer channel 1 of the housing 2.

The balls 17 of the shock reaction mechanism in the radial grooves 18 during rotation of the projectile move up to the stop in the fairing 19.

The spiral tape of the stopper 11 is fully untwisted at a flight distance of 1.5-2.0 m, releasing a stepwise sting 3, which is pressed by inertia forces in its highest position to the housing 2.

At a flight distance of 20-80 m from the shot site, the powder charge of the stop 23 burns out, releasing the transverse valve 5, which, under the action of centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile, moves to the left according to the drawing, as a result of which the axial fire transfer channel 1 opens - the fuse is distantly cocked.

After this, the head fuse is ready for action as intended.

When the projectile encounters with the aim, the monolithic spherical end face of the body 2 is introduced through the sheet barrier of the affected equipment, on which the fairing 19 above the peripheral groove 18 is deformed inward.

In this case, the balls 17 receive a shock impulse, as a result of which they move along the inclined radial grooves 18 to the center, pushing the stepwise tip 3 along the channel 1 until it meets the igniter capsule 22, pricking it.

The fire pulse from the piercing of the igniter capsule 22 is transmitted through channel 1, where, after a predetermined delay time, the membrane shutter 6 burns and then through the retardation sleeve 7, the receiver 9 and the throttle hole 25 enters the radiation detonator capsule 10, which is triggered, initiating a bursting charge of the projectile .

At this point, the projectile penetrates the obstacle, where it is undermined, accompanied by a shock wave in a closed volume and fragments of destructive force.

In the case when the projectile does not meet with the target, 11 seconds after the shot at a distance of 4 km, the composition of the pyrotechnic channel 24 completely burns out. The gaseous products of combustion in this case pass through the open throttle aperture 25 of the receiver 9 directly to the executive beam detonator capsule 10, as a result of which an explosion occurs and the projectile self-destructs.

In cases of unauthorized ignition of the pyrotechnic channel 24 from the initiation of the igniter capsule 22 of the self-destruction mechanism during official handling from an accidental impact or from overheating in the gun’s supply paths, the radiation pulse of the hot aerosol generated in this case is not transmitted to the detonator capsule 10, since the gate 8 in the receiver 9 is motionlessly held in geometrical closure by leaf springs 27 above the throttling hole 25, blocking access to the detonator capsule 10, which prevents undermining delia.

The combat characteristics of the proposed head fuse, which is intended for manning small-caliber unitary artillery cartridges with high-explosive fragmentation and fragmentation tracer shells to combat ground unarmored enemy equipment at ranges up to 4 km, as well as air targets at altitudes up to 2000 m and oblique range up to 2500 m, correspond to the nearest equivalent.

However, the proposed head fuse significantly exceeds the known technical level in terms of functional reliability and safety in official handling due to two additional stages of protection that are removed only when fired and at a distance of the projectile, which determines its practical relevance.

Claims (3)

1. A head fuse, comprising a beam detonator capsule and an igniter capsule communicating through a membrane shutter in a central fire transfer channel, the axial sting of which is equipped with an inertial cocking mechanism and interacts with a shock reaction drive mechanism, including balls mounted in radial grooves inclined to the center from peripheral grooves in the rounded head of the housing, which is adjacent to the conical fairing, while above the detonator capsule is a receiver that commutes with the central a fire-retardant channel and a pyrotechnic channel for the self-destruction mechanism, which includes a primer-igniter movably mounted over the tip of the gun, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with two protection levels made in the form of slide valves, one of which rests on a burning stopper and is placed in the central fire-retardant channel between the caps - an igniter and a membrane shutter, and the second is installed above the throttle opening of the receiver inside the collet clamp. 2. The head fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the burning stopper of the slide gate valve of the central fire transfer channel is made in the form of a powder charge, connected with an igniter mechanism of self-destruction mechanism. 3. The head fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the petals of the collet clamp are made in the form of cantilevered clamped leaf springs mounted on step stops.

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