RU2307310C1 - Nose fuse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: impact fuses acting at an impact with an obstacle.

SUBSTANCE: the nose fuse has a primer assembly, axle shiker pin interacting with the reaction striker provided with an inertia drive, delayed cocking mechanism comprising a pyrotechnic charge carrying of spring-loaded locking rod of the lateral shutter with an impression detonator, self-destruction equipment and a flash detonator on it. The novelty is in the fact the locking rod of the directly on the pyrotechnic charge, the area of its rest makes up 1/3 to ½ of the charge cross-section, the charge is made foliated of coking slag compositions, the pyrotechnic channels with the primer assembly filled with the pyrotechnical compound of the lower layer distributed, in the periphery adjoin the lower layer having a lower space pressing density.

EFFECT: optimized operating range of the fuse within a narrow range of 30 to 40 m.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of ammunition, and more particularly to fuses of shock action, triggered when meeting with an obstacle.

The prior art in this area characterizes the fuse for artillery ammunition according to patent RU 2125706, F42C 1/06, 1999, containing an axially mounted striker, interacting with a spherical inertial spring-loaded striker mounted in a profiled guide, and a detonator between which there is a transverse engine carrying a detonator capsule capsule.

The engine (slide gate) in a safe position, when shifted from the axis of the fire chain, is held by the spring-loaded rod of the long-range cocking mechanism, the stopper of which is the pyrotechnic press-in charge, which communicates with the ignition unit.

The fuse is equipped with pyrotechnic devices connected with the ignition unit with a remote device that includes a radiation detonator capsule and a self-destruction mechanism.

The disadvantage of this multifunctional fuse is the unsatisfactory sensitivity when the munition encounters light obstacles (snow, water, swamp) due to the lack of reaction of the structure.

The noted drawback is eliminated in the lead fuse for artillery small-caliber cartridges, described in patent RU 2205362, F42C 9/14, 2003, which additionally contains a shock reaction mechanism made in the form of a conical fairing, under which there is a peripheral annular groove and radial, grooves inclined to the axial hammer, where balls are freely placed, as well as a retarding sleeve in the fire chain with a centrifugal safety mechanism at the exit.

This all-weather fuse is characterized by complexity of construction and high cost, which limits mass use in a variety of ammunition.

A simpler small-sized percussion fuse, which, by most coinciding features and technical nature, is selected as the closest analogue to the one proposed, is described in patent RU 2242704, F42C 1/04, 2004, which contains an ignition unit, an axial hammer, interacting with the reaction an inertial-actuated drummer, a long-range cocking mechanism including a pyrotechnic charge, on which a spring-loaded locking rod of a transverse slide gate bearing a detonating capsule is placed ator, self-destruction device and radiation detonator capsule.

A feature of the known fuse is an additional transfer charge in the firing chain, which is made stepwise with a conical transition between the steps, the smaller step being directed towards the detonator cap and the larger one toward the executive detonator, and has a variable density increasing from the end with smaller surface to the end with a larger surface.

Between the prism detonator capsule and the transfer charge there are jumpers configured to prevent detonation of the transfer charge during abnormal operation of the pruning detonator capsule and / or beam detonator capsule, and in normal mode, to ensure the transmission of the detonation pulse from the pruning detonator capsule.

This shock fuse provides not only high sensitivity and reliable transmission of the detonation pulse when meeting with a light barrier at low speeds, but also safety in operation.

A well-known small-sized fuse is mounted on a grenade or mortar shot.

The shock mechanism is designed to transfer the reaction force of the obstacle to the detonator type detonator capsule, which ensures firing of the fuse chain, and consists of a vertically movable vertically movable cap and a cover, in which a spring ring is placed in a profiled on-off groove, as well as two flat springs installed in the housing and based on a spring-loaded axial hammer.

The rod of the long-range cocking mechanism on the pyrotechnic charge (stop) is supported through a washer mounted in the housing with a minimum clearance to standardly counteract the elastic forces of the drive spring regardless of the stiffness and load-bearing properties of the burning charge, and also to isolate the press-fitting from atmospheric pressure when charging the reaction mechanism.

Cocking of the percussion mechanism occurs automatically in two stages: during firing, the cap inertia settles, compressing the loading spring and elastically deforming the flat springs, while the spring ring is unclenched and fixedly installed between the cover and the cap; on the trajectory, when axial overloads disappear, the elastic forces of the spring through the cap and the annular spring cover moves upward relative to the housing. The flat springs and hammer head are returned to their original position.

When meeting with an obstacle, the lid, reactively moving downward, through the spring ring and flat springs transfers the force of the obstacle to the striker, which punches the detonator capsule.

However, a disadvantage of the known fuse is the large range of the operation distance due to the unstable combustion of the pyrotechnic charge of the long-range cocking mechanism, depending on the pressure that occurs in the closed fuse before opening the lid. An unstable charge burning time gives a large dispersion of ammunition response at a distance of 10-100 m. The lower limit of this range is dangerous for personnel, and the upper limit of the distance is located outside the target’s destruction zone, which is inefficient.

The problem to which the present invention is directed, is to increase the effectiveness of the combat use of the fuse by narrowing the range of the long-range cocking distance.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known head fuse containing an ignition unit, an axial hammer interacting with a reaction drum equipped with an inertial drive, a long cocking mechanism including a pyrotechnic charge, on which a spring-loaded stop rod of a transverse slide valve carrying a prismatic capsule is placed detonator, self-destruction device and radiation detonator capsule, according to the invention, the locking rod of the long-range cocking mechanism is directly supported by a pyrotechnic charge, while the area of its support is 1/3 ... 1/2 of the cross section of the charge, which is made of layered compositions with different densities of compression, with pyro-receiving switching channels distributed along the periphery adjacent to the lower density of pressing in ignition unit, which are filled with pyrotechnic composition of the lower layer.

Distinctive features due to the intensification of the ignition of the pyrotechnic charge of the long-range cocking mechanism and stabilization of its combustion process have technically ensured the optimization of the fuse response distance in a narrow range of 30-40 m, which was achieved for the first time for small-caliber shots with an obstruction speed of 30-50 m / s.

Performing a pyrotechnic charge with puff allowed us to differentiate the speeds and modes of combustion of the charge in time when the pressure inside the fuse changes to stabilize the given cocking distance in a narrower range.

The calculated support area of the stopper rod is limited by the range of the ratio with the cross-sectional area of the charge from unpleasant conditions: the bearing strength of the press-in and the possibility of introducing the rod into the volume of slag residue during sequential combustion of the compositions.

When the ratio of these areas is less than 1/3 of the rod under axial dynamic loads, it can infiltrate the charge and premature cocking occurs when a free slide gate moves the firing ignition capsule under the firing pin. Therefore, the fuse can occur when fired in the barrel, which is unacceptable.

When the ratio of these areas is more than 1/2, there may be cases when the force of the rod spring is not enough to move it inside the slag residue of the retaining charge, which will lead to failure of the munition.

The pyrotechnic composition of the lower charge layer, having a relatively low bulk density of the press-in, ensures the intensification of its ignition.

Placing along the periphery of the charge of the pyro-receiving communication channels with the ignition unit increased the reliability of initiating ignition of the lower layer by narrowly directed forces, which upon reaching the interface of the layers provide ignition of the upper layer at the end and its uniform combustion in volume.

Filling the charge communication channels with the pyrotechnic composition of its lower layer activates ignition and provides comprehensive stable layer-by-layer charge burning in the calculated mode.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve a novelty of quality that is not inherent in the signs of disunity, that is, the technical problem posed in the invention is solved not by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect on the sum of the attributes.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the prior art, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for a fuse specialist, showed that it is not known, and taking into account the possibility of industrial serial production of a head fuse, we can conclude that the patentability criteria are met.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows:

figure 1 - the proposed head fuse in the context;

figure 2 is the same when fired;

figure 3 is the same on the path;

figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the ignition unit.

In the housing 1 of the head fuse of shock, closed by a cover 2, mounted with the possibility of relative longitudinal movement, a beam detonator capsule 4 and firing pin 5, loaded with a spring 6, are strengthened coaxially to the fire transfer channel 3.

The cover 2 is kinematically connected by means of the spring 7 of the pressure cap 8, on which the annular spring 9 is mounted in the upper position of the two position stop inside the cover 2.

The cap 8 is mounted with the possibility of longitudinal movement in the annular gap 11 between the housing 1 and the central sleeve 12, while the emphasis 13 interacts with leaf springs 14 laid on the sleeve 12, relying on the striker 5.

Under the axial striker 5, blocking the channel 3, a transverse slide gate valve 16 equipped with a drive spring 15 is installed, which carries a firing primer-igniter 17, which in its initial position is offset from the axis of the fuse (fire chain), where it is held by the vertical locking rod 18 of the long-range cocking mechanism 19.

The long-cocking mechanism 19 contains a layered pyrotechnic charge, which is made of two press-fit 20 and 21 coking, slag-forming during combustion of the compositions, respectively: the lower, having a lower density, and the upper with a higher density of the pyrotechnic composition.

The lower press-fitting 20 is equipped with radially distributed pyro-receiving channels 22 of communication with the initiating mechanism (ignition unit) distributed around the periphery of the charge.

The vertical rod 18 is pressed by a spring 23 to the upper press fitting 21 and has a bearing area of 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the cross section of the press fitting 20.

The ignition unit (Fig. 4) of the inertial action contains a coaxially mounted stationary tip 24 and a spring-loaded igniter capsule 25, which commutes with the pyrotechnic charge 20-21 of the long-range cocking mechanism 19 and the slowly burning powder composition 26 of the ring track 27 of the insert 28, which serve as the mechanism self-destruction, communicating with the executive detonator capsule 4.

The fuse operates as follows.

When fired, the igniter capsule 25 of the ignition unit (Fig. 4) under the action of inertia from the linear acceleration of the ammunition moves down, where it hits the sting 24. The flame force from the igniter capsule ignites the pyrocomposition in the channels 22, which communicate with the press-fit 20 of the long-range mechanism 19 cocking, and powder composition 26 of the ring track 27 of the self-destruction mechanism.

Under the action of inertia from the linear acceleration of the munition, a compression cap 8 settles in the groove 11, compressing the spring 7, and the leaf springs 14. The springs 14 are elastically deformed, bending in the center, and move the firing pin 5 downward, compressing the spring 6.

When moving down the cap 8, an annular spring 9 is released, which, when opened, moves along the groove 10 of the cover 2 to the lower stable position, where it is fixed to the spacer between the cover 2 and the cap 8 in the lower position.

On the flight, when axial overloads disappear, under the action of the elastic forces of the springs 6 and 14, by means of the striker 5, the cover 2 moves upward relative to the housing 1 - the shock mechanism is cocked and ready to meet the obstacle.

During this time, the press-in 20 intensively burns up with ascending distributed peripherals torches formed during the pyrotechnic filling of the channels 22. Then, when the fire enters the dividing line 20-21, the latter is uniformly ignited and stably burns at the end, insensitive to the pressure drop that occurs inside the fuse with the lid open 2.

During the combustion of the slag compositions of the pressings 20 and 21, a supporting coke residue frame is formed, which counteracts the spring 23 and keeps the rod 18 in kinematic engagement with the shutter 16.

At the estimated time when the press fitting 21 burns out, the spring 23 overcomes the resistance of the frame (caked coke) from the slag residue of the pyrotechnic charge and introduces the rod 18 into the inside, which is lowered. In this case, the transverse flap 16 is released, which is moved by the spring 15 to the extreme left (according to the drawing) position, bringing the detonating capsule detonator 17 under the firing pin 5. The fuse is ready for action at a distance of the munition in a narrow predetermined range of 30-40 m, optimal for effective hitting a target and safety.

Upon encountering an obstacle, cap 2, compressing the springs 7, 14 and 6, reactively moves downward and dynamically pushes the hammer 5, which impinges the detonator capsule 17. The detonator capsule 17 detonation initiates detonation of the detonator capsule 4, which initiates the filling of the munition.

In the case when the ammunition does not meet the target on the trajectory or does not work when it encounters an obstacle, after a predetermined time of burning the powder composition 26 in the annular path 27, the force flame of the self-destruction device enters the fire chain and initiates the radiation detonator capsule 4, as a result of which the ammunition undermined.

Thus, a multifunctional, time-stable action of a small-sized head-mounted fuse suitable for use in various artillery ammunition, mines and grenades is carried out.

Claims (2)

1. A head fuse containing an ignition assembly, an axial striker interacting with a reaction drum equipped with an inertial drive, a long-range cocking mechanism including a pyrotechnic charge, on which a spring-loaded locking rod of a transverse slide gate bearing a detonator capsule, a self-destruction device and a beam capsule is placed detonator, characterized in that the locking rod of the long-range cocking mechanism relies directly on the pyrotechnic charge, while the area of its support is 1/3 ... 1/2 of the cross section of the charge, which is made of puff of slag-forming compositions with different press densities, and pyro-receiving switching channels with an ignition unit distributed around the periphery adjacent to the lower layer with lower press densities. 2. The head fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the communication channels of the charge of the long-range cocking mechanism are filled with the pyrotechnic composition of its lower layer.

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