RU2484422C1 - Mechanical fuse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting.

SUBSTANCE: comprises an impact mechanism comprising a central inertial bushing with a spring-loaded axial sting, coaxially to which there is a lead charge arranged being installed in a mounting body and separated from a detonator cap in a rotary gate. In the body there is also a percussion cocking mechanism, an igniter of which communicates with pyrotechnical charges of the detonator cap of self-destruction. The spring-loaded bolt of the remote cocking mechanism installed in a guide cylinder is equipped with a powder stop and is kinematically connected to a rotary gate, bearing the detonator cap. At the same time in the radial slot of the gate there is a centrifugal pusher interacting with a plate spring. The axial sting is installed in a settling ring mounted in the inertial bushing and kinematically connected by means of plate latches resting against a radial collar of the inertial bushing as capable of relative longitudinal displacement under action of a striker. Besides, between the striker and the bushing there are radial levers jammed. The striker is equipped with an automatic valve made in the form of a throttling device.

EFFECT: improved functional reliability of a head fuse due to minimised necessary moving working force for an axial sting and increased sensitivity of fuse actuation.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to combined dual-action fuses of shock and time, triggered by inertial movement of mechanisms when meeting with an obstacle and after a specified period of time from the moment of the shot, determined by the combustion of the powder charge of the self-destruction mechanism.

The level of this technical field is characterized by the design of the head detonator of artillery ammunition, described in patent RU 23971, F42С 9/14, 2002, containing a mounting case housed in a casing carrying a spring-loaded tip of the inertial cocking mechanism, the igniter of which is connected with pyrotechnic charges communicating with the capsule self-liquidation detonator, and a stop bolt kinematically connected with a spring-loaded slide gate having a communication window, as well as an inertial-reaction shock mechanism m mounted above the detonation source of the main charge of the ammunition.

A feature of the described fuse is the execution of the cocking mechanism in the form of an energy-containing ampoule electrolytic battery associated with a threshold device for contactless control of electrical circuits, which increases the accuracy of the long-range cocking and the reliability of the fuse when in contact with the obstacle.

However, the advantages of this fuse are a continuation of the lack of functional reliability due to the fragility of the glass ampoules of the power source, the uncontrolled integrity of which is difficult to maintain in service, during shocks and vibrations of transportation and overloads of long-term storage of ammunition.

In addition, it does not seem technically feasible to implement the design of the fuse in the limited dimensions of small-caliber artillery ammunition.

The heterogeneous technique of electromechanical actuators complicates the manufacturing technology and the assembly of mass-produced fuses, which reduces the combat readiness and mobility of weapons.

More perfect is a mechanical universal fuse according to patent RU 2228513 C1, F42C 9/00, 2004, which is selected by technical essence and the number of matching features as the closest analogue to the proposed fuse.

The known mechanical fuse of inertial-reaction action comprises a mounting case located in the casing and closed by gaskets at the ends, carrying a cap of the inertial cocking mechanism, the igniter of which is connected by pyrotechnic charges of the self-liquidation detonator capsule.

The shutter of the long-cocking mechanism is kinematically connected with a rotary gate resting on a flat spring, made with a displaced center of mass, in the lightened part of which a detonator capsule is installed, located in official circulation at the maximum distance from the fuse of the fuse.

The free end of a flat spring fixed in the groove of the mounting housing of the spring rests on a centrifugal pusher and interacts with a radially movable latch located in the end groove of the rotary gate.

In the head part of the hull there is placed an inertial sleeve and a reaction drummer of the spring-loaded axial stinger feed mechanism to the detonator capsule mounted on the fire chain by the rotary gate, where the transfer charge and the main detonator interacting with the munition equipment are sequentially placed.

The well-known mechanical fuse provides contact and remote operation of the self-destruction of ammunition during impact pricking of the detonator capsule, while structurally guaranteeing safety in official handling and preventing unauthorized detonation.

However, the disadvantage of the known mechanical fuse is the possibility of malfunctioning when encountering ammunition with an obstruction at large angles, with soft soils, etc., when the reaction forces from the impact are not enough to overcome the resistance of the spring of the pruning tip.

In addition, placing in an accessible proximity the common communication channel of the detonator capsule and the transfer charge does not exclude the initiation of the latter from the accidental operation of the detonator capsule, which reduces the functional reliability of the fuse.

The technical problem to which the present invention is directed, is to increase the functional reliability of a universal mechanical fuse, providing the required accuracy of the reaction and increase the sensitivity to inertial loads.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known mechanical fuse containing a percussion mechanism, including a central inertial sleeve with a spring-loaded axial sting, a cocking cocking mechanism placed in the mounting case, the igniter of which communicates with the pyrotechnic charges of the self-liquidation detonator capsule, a shutter of the long-cocking mechanism, equipped powder stop and kinematically connected with a rotary gate made with a displaced center of mass, bearing in the lightened part of the cap a syul detonator, and in the radial groove of the opposite massive part there is a centrifugal stopper interacting with a leaf spring and a longitudinal transfer charge for initiating the actuating detonator, according to the invention, an axial sting is installed in a settling ring mounted in an inertial sleeve with the possibility of relative longitudinal movement under the action of the coaxial cap drummer, between which the radial levers are pinched, resting on the ends of the axial stinger and inertial sleeve, inside of which movable cm a settling ring was mounted kinematically connected by means of plate latches resting on a radial flange of the inertial sleeve located inside the peripheral pocket of the settling ring, and the cap drummer is equipped with an automatic valve made in the form of a throttling device, the capacity of which is filled with plastic sealant that covers the communication holes with the fuse volume and the outlet nozzle of the lid, while the transfer charge is placed in the blind socket of the mounting case, separating it from the capsule - etonatora in the rotary vanes.

Another feature of the invention is that the bolt of the long-cocking mechanism is mounted in the guide cylinder and is spring-loaded, and at the end of the inertia sleeve there is a bevel to the center for the passage of levers, the massive part of the rotary gate equipped with inserts of a denser material.

Distinctive features ensured an increase in the functional reliability of a universal head fuse by minimizing the necessary driving force for an axial sting under the action of reaction forces from a blow against a rigid barrier and increasing the fuse response sensitivity when meeting with loose soil due to an adequate filler tip from inertial movements of the structural elements of the mechanism double mass.

The proposed fuse is characterized by an additional quality - increased inertial response when the ammunition encounters an obstacle when the reaction forces of the shock mechanism are not enough to feed the axial sting to the detonator capsule on the firing chain.

The installation of an axial spring-loaded sting in the settling ring is necessary for longitudinal longitudinal movements relative to the inertial sleeve.

The coaxial placement of the cap drummer on the settling ring provides a direct transfer of the reaction forces of braking of the ammunition when it encounters an obstacle, while the sting feed is multiplied through the pinched radial arms between them to guarantee the initiation of the detonator capsule installed by that time on the firing chain.

Radial levers located at the end of the axial sting, with a rotation axis (support) at the junction of the adjacent coaxially inertial sleeve and the settling ring, perform the functions of a lever of the second kind, when the control reaction force of the cap impactor and the tip feed of the sting are located on one side of the support.

The spatial arrangement and kinematic relationship of the above structural elements provide a tip feed of the tip from the forward movement of the inertial sleeve (with a fixed hammer), when the radial levers perform the functions of levers of the first kind: the driving force of inertia and the resistance force of the spring-loaded tip are located on opposite sides of the support.

At the same time, the inertial mass attached by means of the geometrical closure of the plate latches with a collar inside the peripheral pocket of the settling ring, compared with the prototype, is doubled (from 3.8 g to 7.7 g in the fuse for 40 mm ammunition), which by definition increases functional reliability fuse when meeting obstacles at large angles, with soft soil, snow cover, etc., when the reaction forces do not provide detonation.

Equipping the firing cap with an automatic valve eliminates pressure buildup inside the fuse, at which the burning rate of the powder and pyrotechnic compositions of the structural mechanisms increases sharply, disrupting the given cycle and the sequence of their interaction.

The throttling device of the valve, the capacity of which is filled with plastic sealant, overlapping the communication openings with the fuse volume and the outlet nozzle of the cover, ensures that excess gaseous combustion products are vented into the atmosphere, which by their pressure form passage channels in the plastic sealant.

Placing the longitudinal transfer charge in the blind socket of the mounting case prevents unauthorized operation of the detonator capsule installed in the rotary gate, which is mechanically blocked by the bottom jumper.

Placing a spring-loaded shutter of the long-cocking mechanism in the guide cylinder prevents it from jamming due to inevitable distortions that could prevent the rotary gate from feeding the detonator capsule under the axial sting to effect pricking.

The bevel at the end of the inertial sleeve to its center is designed for unhindered working movement of radial levers forcibly moving the axial sting when they are rotated under the action of a cap impactor or inertial sleeve.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve a novelty of quality that is not inherent in the signs of disunity, that is, the technical task posed is not solved by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect of the sum of the attributes.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the prior art, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for a fuse specialist, showed that it is not known, and taking into account the possibility of serial production of a universal mechanical fuse in an existing production, we can conclude that the patentability criteria are met .

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, which have a purely illustrative purpose and do not limit the scope of the claims of the totality of the features of the formula. The drawings show:

figure 1 - fuse in section along aa in figure 3;

figure 2 is the same, according to BB;

figure 3 is a section along bb-in figure 2;

figure 4 - diagram of the reaction pricking of the detonator capsule;

figure 5 is the same, inertial pricking.

A mounting case 2 and its head part 3 are fixed in the fuse case 1, in the central window of which a cap hammer 4 is mounted with the possibility of longitudinal movements, which is supported from the inside by a flange through the sealing washer 5.

The drummer 4 is mounted on radial levers 6, located on the end of the inertial sleeve 7, freely adjacent to the head part 3. The levers 6 limit the position of the axial stinger 8, loaded with a spring 9.

Coaxially sting 8 in the hollow longitudinal groove of the mounting housing 2, a transfer charge 10 is installed and an executive detonator 11 is mounted at the end of the fuse, initiating explosive filling of the ammunition.

The cap drummer 4 is configured to align with the cavity of the sleeve 7, on the supporting end of which there are bevels 12 to the center for free passage of the levers 6 when they are angularly rotated around the support (FIGS. 4 and 5).

Inside the sleeve 7, a settling ring 13 is coaxially installed, fixed in the upper position according to the drawing by plate latches 14, which are mounted on its lower end.

In this case, the free end of the plate latches 14 is based on the flange 15 of the inertial sleeve 7, for longitudinal movements of which a pocket 16 is made on the periphery of the settling ring 13.

In the cap drummer 4, a throttling valve 17 is made, the capacity of which is filled with plastic sealant 18 that overlaps the communication holes 19 and the nozzle 20 in its cover 21.

In a cylindrical groove 22 of the mounting housing 2 offset from the center (Fig. 3), a rotary gate 24 is installed on the axis 23, geometrically made with the offset center of mass.

In the lightened part of the gate 24, a detonator capsule 25 is fixed, in a service position located at an extreme distance from the axis of the fuse, with which it can be combined during operation. In official circulation, the gate 24 closes the fuse circuit of the fuse.

To fix the initial position of the gate 24 serves a leaf spring 26, mounted vertically in the groove 27 of the housing 2, while its free end is pressed against the centrifugal pusher 28 (figure 2).

In the initial position, the gate 24 is held located in its groove 29 by the shutter 30 of the long-range cocking mechanism. The shutter 30 is placed in the guide cylinder 31, is loaded with a spring 32 and rests on the pyrotechnic stopper 33.

Diametrically to the detonator capsule 25 (FIG. 3), a radially movable clamp 34 of a stepped shape is mounted in the end groove of the gate 24 for interaction in the working position with the leaf spring 26.

In the mounting case 2, an inertial cocking mechanism is installed (Fig. 1), which includes a stationary cap 35 and a spring-loaded igniter 36, which, through pyrotechnic charges 37 and an ignitor 38, communicates with the self-destruction detonator 39.

The fuse operates as follows.

In the initial position of the official circulation, the gate 24 closes the fire chain, and the detonator capsule 25 is located at an extreme distance from the longitudinal axis of the fuse, while the shutter 30 is kinematically closed in the groove 29 of the gate 24, excluding its arbitrary rotation around the axis 23.

A vertically located leaf spring 26 is supported by a centrifugal pusher 28, which is located inside the housing 2. The free end of the leaf spring 26, pinched in the groove 27 of the housing 2, is placed inside the gate 24, preventing its rotation.

When fired under the linear acceleration of ammunition, the igniter capsule 36 moves downwards according to the drawing (Fig. 1) and interacts with a nakolikom 35, the ring 13 settles inside the sleeve 7, and the axial tip 8, compressing the spring 9, is installed in the technological central groove of the stationary gate 24 .

In this case, the plate latches 14 are forcibly bent by the shoulder 15 of the inertial sleeve 7 inside the pocket 16 of the settling ring 13.

In the extreme lower position of the settling ring 13, the bent ends of the plate latches 14 pass the bead 15 and are elastically squeezed, resting on it from below, geometrically closing the settling ring 13 with the inertial sleeve 7 in structural and functional unity.

The ignition pulse of the fired igniter capsule 36 initiates the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge 33 of the long-range cocking mechanism and the pyrotechnic charges 37 of the self-destruction device.

The generated gaseous combustion products of charges 33 and 37 fill the free volume of the fuse and, under pressure, through the openings 19 of the valve 17 forcefully penetrate the plastic sealant 18 to the nozzle 20 in the cover 21 and then expire into the atmosphere. In this case, communication channels are formed in the sealant between the openings 19 and the nozzle 20 for throttling the overpressure inside the fuse.

During the flight of the munition, under the action of the elastic forces of the spring 9, the axial stinger 8 returns to its original upper position, and under the action of the centrifugal force of rotation of the munition, the centrifugal pusher 28 moves to the periphery of the housing 2, bending the free end of the leaf spring 26, which extends beyond the gauge of the gate 24, freeing the path its turning.

At a given flight distance, the pyrotechnic charge 33 burns out, as a result of which the shutter 30 is forced to move along the cylinder 31 to the periphery of the housing 2 under the action of the spring 32 and the centrifugal forces of rotation of the ammunition, freeing the gate 24, which rotates around axis 23.

When the detonator capsule 25 is combined with the fuse of the fuse, installing axially sting 8, the latch 34, radially moving to the periphery of the housing 2, abuts against the spring 26.

In this case, the latch 34 slides upward along the curved leaf spring 26 and engages with the end of the gate 24 with the step of its profile, fixing its working position. This completes the distant cocking of the fuse, which is ready for action when the ammunition encounters an obstacle.

When meeting with an obstacle, the firing pin 4 is forcibly sunk in the head part 3 and pushes in front of it the radial levers 6, which rotate inward along the bevel 12 of the sleeve 7 (Fig. 4). Thus, the movement of the striker 4 when it encounters the obstacle is reactively transmitted and increased by means of levers 6 to the axial sting 8, which strikes downward and punctures the detonator capsule 25, which is located on the axis of the fuse.

The detonation pulse from the detonator capsule 25 through the transfer charge 10 causes the detonator 11 to trigger and subsequent detonation of the filling of the ammunition.

If the ammunition encounters an obstacle at large angles or with loose soil, the hammer 4 does not move, but the inertial sleeve 7 continues to translate relative to the stationary cap drummer 4 and the head part 3, pushing levers 6 in front of them, which rotate relative to the support in bevels 12.

The impulse of the inertial mass of the sleeve 7 with the attached ring 13 is enough to use the levers 6 to shockly move the axial stinger 8 to the detonator capsule 25 and chop it. The inertial mechanism for initiating the detonator capsule 25 serves as a duplication of the unfulfilled reaction action, which reliably ensures the fuse is triggered under any conditions of encounter with an obstacle.

In the case when the ammunition does not encounter an obstacle for a predetermined time, charges 37 are burned out and an amplified heat pulse from the igniter 28 initiates the self-destruction beam detonator capsule 39, which, through the influence, triggers the detonator capsule 25 and further undermines the interaction described above and self-destruction of ammunition.

Tests of prototypes of the proposed design of a universal fuse confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the contact fuse operation (reaction and inertia) and pyrotechnics and mechanics only and the predetermined time detonation ensuring self-destruction of small-caliber artillery ammunition.

At the same time, the safety of the fuse in official circulation is structurally guaranteed, eliminating its unauthorized operation, which makes it possible to recommend the proposed design for serial production with a view to supplying it with weapons.

Claims (2)

1. A mechanical fuse comprising a percussion mechanism, including a central inertial sleeve with a spring-loaded axial sting, a cocking cocking mechanism placed in the mounting housing, the igniter of which communicates with the pyrotechnic charges of the self-liquidation detonator capsule, a long-cocking shutter equipped with a powder stop and kinematically connected with a rotary with a gate made with a displaced center of mass, carrying a detonator capsule in the lightened part, and in the radial groove of the opposite massive ty - a centrifugal stopper interacting with a leaf spring and a longitudinal transfer charge of initiating an actuator detonator, characterized in that the axial sting is installed in a settling ring mounted in an inertial sleeve with the possibility of relative longitudinal movement under the action of a coaxial cap impactor, between which radial arms are pinched, based on the ends of the axial sting and inertial sleeve, inside which the settling ring is movably mounted, kinematically connected by m of plate latches resting on a radial flange of the inertial sleeve located inside the peripheral pocket of the settling ring, and the cap drum is equipped with an automatic valve made in the form of a throttling device, the capacity of which is filled with plastic sealant that covers the communication openings with the fuse volume and the outlet nozzle of the cover, while the transfer charge is located in the blind socket of the mounting case, separating it from the detonator capsule in the rotary gate. 2. The fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the shutter of the long-range cocking mechanism is installed in the guide cylinder and is spring-loaded, and at the end of the inertial sleeve there is a bevel towards the center for the passage of levers.

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