RU2228513C1 - Mechanical fuse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: combined double-action, impact and time, fuses actuated by inertia motion of mechanisms at an impact with an obstacle and on expiration of a preset time period from the moment of the shot, determined by combustion of the powder charge of the self-destruction mechanism. SUBSTANCE: the mechanical fuse has a body placed in a casing and closed with gaskets at the ends, it carries the firing pin of the inertia cocking mechanism, whose igniter is coupled to the explosive charges of the self-destruction primer detonator, and a stopper of the distant cocking mechanism kinematically linked with a safety gate valve resting on a spring; as well as an impact inertia-reaction mechanism installed above the source of detonation of the main charge. The novelty is in the fact that the source of detonation of the main charge is provided with an additional primer detonator fastened in the gate valve representing an eccentric and shifted from the longitudinal axis of the fuse, the eccentric is made with a groove and provided with a stepped lock installed for radial motion, the spring is of the plate type, and its free end is engageable with a centrifugal stop and placed in the eccentric groove, a lead charge is axially placed in the body between the eccentric of the gate valve and the source of detonation of the main charge. EFFECT: universality of the fuse design is provided, in which contact and preset remote blastings and self-destruction of small-caliber artillery ammunitions are precisely and reliably accomplished, enhanced safety of handling, prevented unauthorized blastings of the articles. 2 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to dual-action combined fuses, shock and temporary, triggered by inertial movement of mechanisms when meeting an obstacle and after a specified period of time from the moment of the shot, determined by the combustion of the powder charge of the self-destruction mechanism.

The prior art is characterized by a mechanical bottom fuse described in patent RU 2135950 C1, F 42 C 1/04, 1999, which contains a mounting case placed in a casing carrying an axially mounted detonator of the main charge and a spring loaded inertial reaction mechanism sting, as well as displaced in the initial position from the axis of the fuse, the detonator capsule mounted in the transverse safety engine.

The essence of this invention lies in the fact that in order to increase the sensitivity and functional reliability of the strikers of the additional firing mechanism, it is located coaxially on the stub shaft of the stinger with the possibility of longitudinal movement in the tubular body of the axial stopper, inside a movable glass placed on a stepped ledge of the body in the volume of viscous material, predominantly siloxane rubber. At the bottom of the glass, equipped with peripheral dies, a flange of a compression spring mounted on a transverse axis, mounted in a profiled groove of the body and kinematically connected with the aerodynamic stabilizer belt, rests.

The disadvantage of this mechanical bottom fuse is the complexity of the design and assembly technology of the actuating units and mechanisms, part of which is carried out from an external drive to open the aerodynamic munition stabilizer, which determines the narrow focus of the intended use.

The noted drawbacks are eliminated in the design of the head detonator of artillery ammunition, selected as the closest analogue in terms of the number of matching attributes, which is described in the utility model certificate RU 23971, F 42 C 9/14, 2002

Known fuse contains placed in the casing of the mounting housing, carrying a spring-loaded sting of an inertial cocking mechanism, the igniter of which is connected with pyrotechnic charges in communication with the self-liquidation detonator capsule, and a stop bolt kinematically connected with a spring-loaded slide gate having a communication window, as well as an impact inertial-reaction mechanism mounted above the detonation source of the main charge of the ammunition.

A feature of the well-known artillery ammunition fuse is the execution of the cocking mechanism in the form of an energy-containing ampoule electrolytic battery associated with a threshold device for contactless control of electrical circuits, which increases the accuracy of long-range cocking and the reliability of fuse when in contact with the obstacle.

However, a continuation of the advantages of the described fuse is a lack of functional reliability due to the fragility of the ampoules of the power source, the uncontrolled integrity of which is difficult to maintain during shocks and vibrations of transportation and overloads of long-term storage of ammunition.

In addition, it does not seem technically possible to implement the known structural design of the fuse in the limited dimensions of small-caliber artillery ammunition.

The heterogeneous technique of electromechanical actuators complicates the manufacturing technology and the assembly of mass-produced fuses, which reduces the mobility of the combat readiness of weapons.

The problem to which the present invention is directed is to improve the well-known design for the creation of a universal mechanical, both in the bottom and head version, compact double-acting fuse with self-destruction, reliable in handling and operation.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known mechanical fuse containing a housing placed in a casing and closed by gaskets at the ends, carrying a sting of an inertial cocking mechanism, the igniter of which is connected with the pyrotechnic charges of the self-liquidation detonator capsule, and a locking shutter of the long-range cocking mechanism kinematically connected with safety gate valve, supported by a spring, as well as shock inertial-reaction mechanism mounted above the base detonation source According to the invention, the detonation source of the main charge is equipped with an additional detonator capsule mounted in an eccentric slide gate valve and offset from the longitudinal axis of the fuse, the eccentric made with a groove and equipped with a step-shaped latch mounted with the possibility of radial movement, and the spring made lamellar, and its free end interacts with the centrifugal stop and is placed in the groove of the eccentric.

An additional difference is that in the housing between the eccentric of the slide gate valve and the detonation source of the main charge, a transfer charge is axially placed.

Installing an additional detonator capsule in a rotary slide gate valve allows it to be placed in its original position, during official handling, at an extreme distance from the fuse chain (its longitudinal axis), blocked by an eccentric. This prevents the operation of the executive detonator - the source of detonation of the main charge of the ammunition during unauthorized operation of the igniter capsule of the cocking mechanism, for example, from the high temperature inside the gun automatics when the shooting stops, because the eccentric can rotate only when the ammunition rotates axially, i.e. by centrifugal forces along the trajectory flight after a given delay time of the long cock.

The latch when turning the eccentric to the working position radially moves into its groove all the way into the plate plate, the elasticity of which deviates upward from the axis of movement. As a result of this, the latch with the protruding step of the profile is installed on the end face of the eccentric, jamming it in the housing, thereby preventing the angular movement of the slide gate in the position when the additional detonator caps mounted in it are placed axially by the stinger of the percussion mechanism above the executive detonator.

The leaf spring in the initial position is a limiter, preventing the arbitrary rotation of the eccentric (safety gate valve of the fire chain). When the ammunition is flying, the centrifugal stop deflects the free end of the cantilever fixed leaf spring, freeing up the eccentric turning path and the space for radial displacement of the latch in the body groove, which positions the transported additional detonator capsule in working position on the fuse chain.

In an embodiment of using the invention in a head fuse, where an additional detonator capsule and an executive detonator are spatially spaced along the longitudinal axis of the fire chain, a pyrotechnic transfer charge is placed between them, adapting the functions of the proposed design.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to obtain a novelty of quality that is not inherent in the characteristics of disunity, that is, when a given technical result is achieved, not the sum of the effects, but the effect of the sum of the attributes is obtained.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - bottom fuse, a longitudinal section;

figure 2 is a section along aa in figure 1;

figure 3 is a section along BB in figure 1;

figure 4 is a section along bb in figure 2;

figure 5 - head fuse, a longitudinal section;

Fig.6 is a section along DD in Fig.5;

Fig.7 is a section along EE in Fig.6;

on Fig - head fuse when fired;

figure 9 is the same on the flight path;

figure 10 is a section along KK in figure 9.

The fuse of the invention can be implemented in small-caliber artillery ammunition both in the ground and in the head.

In the casing 1 of the fuse mounted mounting housing 2, closed at the ends of the gaskets 3 and 4, respectively, the upper separation and lower obturating. The fuse contains an axially mounted actuating detonator 5 (the source of detonation of the main charge of the ammunition) and an inertial-reaction action tip 7 loaded with a spring 6, mounted in the bottom version of the fuse on a massive hammer 8 (FIGS. 1 and 2).

Between the sting 7 and the detonator 5 there is a safety slide gate 9 made in the form of an eccentric, which is mounted on the axis of rotation 10, fixed in the housing 2.

The gate valve 9 is fixed in the initial position of the fuse's overhead with a stop bolt, which includes a rod 11 (shutter), supported by a pyrotechnic charge 12 (stop), blocking its fire chain. In this case, the additional detonator capsule 13 (FIGS. 2 and 6) is displaced from the axis of the fuse to an extreme remote position, which is fixed by a leaf spring 14.

The leaf spring 14 is mounted vertically in the groove 15 of the housing 2, and its free end rests on the centrifugal stop 16.

Diametrically, the detonator capsule 13 in the end groove of the eccentric 9 is mounted with the possibility of radial movement of the clamp 17 step-shaped, interacting in the working position with the leaf spring 14.

An inertial cocking mechanism (FIGS. 3 and 7) is mounted in the housing 2, including a stationary tip 18 and a spring-loaded igniter capsule 19, which, through pyrotechnic charges 20 and an ignitor 21 (FIG. 4), communicates with the self-liquidation detonator capsule 22.

In the head version of the proposed fuse design, under the eccentric 9, an axially actuating detonator 5, a transmission pyrotechnic charge 23 is installed in the housing 2.

The fuse operates as follows.

In the initial position of the service circulation (Figs. 1-7), the eccentric 9 is rotated so that the fuse circuit of the fuse is blocked by its mass, and the detonator capsule 13 is in an extreme position offset from the longitudinal axis of the fuse. In this case, the eccentric 9 is mechanically fixed by the rod 11, limited in movement by the pyrotechnic charge 12.

The hammer 8 of the bottom fuse is mounted in the extreme upper position in the drawing, and the tip 7 of the hammer mechanism is located in the technological groove of the cam from below. The spring-loaded tip 7 of the head fuse is located above the end gasket 3 of the housing 2 on top of the eccentric 9, coaxially with its technological groove.

The vertical leaf spring 14 rests on a centrifugal stop 16, which is located inside the housing 2. The free end of the leaf spring 14, pinched at the bottom of the groove 15 of the housing 2, is placed inside the eccentric 9, preventing its rotation. In the end groove of the eccentric 9, a step-shaped lock 17 is radially located.

When fired (Fig. 8) under the influence of inertial forces of linear acceleration of the ammunition, the igniter capsule 19 moves downward and impinges on the tip 18, and the tip 7, compressing the spring 6, is installed in the technological groove of the eccentric 9. Drum 8 (figure 1) of the bottom fuse moves downward, leading the sting 7 beyond the size of the eccentric 9 (not shown conditionally).

Further, the work is illustrated by the example of a head fuse.

The ignition pulse of the igniter capsule 19 initiates the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge 12 and the ignitor 21 (Fig. 4), the pyrotechnic charges 20 of the self-liquidation channel are ignited from the latter.

On the flight of the munition, under the action of the spring elasticity 6, the tip 7 returns to its initial position, kinematically opening with the eccentric 9 (Fig. 9), and under the action of centrifugal force, the stop 16 moves to the periphery of the housing 2, pushing the leaf spring 14, which, curving, leaves a groove beyond the size of the eccentric 9, freeing the trajectory of its rotation.

At a given flight distance, the charge 12 burns out, as a result of which the rod 11 under the action of centrifugal forces of rotation of the ammunition is shifted to the periphery of the casing 2, freeing the eccentric 9, which rotates around axis 10.

When the detonator capsule 13 is combined with the fuse chain (mounted axially on the stinger 7 and the executive detonator 5), the latch 17 opposite the eccentric 9 moves radially against the stop in the spring 14, while the spring 17 moves the latch 17 upward from the axis of movement and the profile step is installed on the end face of the eccentric 9, which fixes its working position. This completes the distant cocking of the fuse (figure 10), which is ready for the ammunition to meet with the obstacle. At this time, the pyrotechnic charges of the 20 self-destruction channel continue to burn.

When encountering an obstacle, the sting 7 reactively moves downward and punches the detonator capsule 13. The detonation pulse from the detonator capsule 13 through the transfer charge 23 (and in the bottom fuse directly) causes the detonator 5 to trigger and the subsequent filling of the munition that breaks.

In the case when the ammunition does not encounter obstacles, then after the charges 20 have burned out, the amplified thermal pulse initiates the self-destruction beam detonator capsule 22, which, through the influence, triggers the detonator capsule 13 and then, according to the interaction order described above, the ammunition is undermined and self-liquidated.

Thus, in the proposed design of a universal fuse accurately and reliably carried out only by means of pyrotechnics and mechanics, contact and predetermined remote detonation and self-destruction of small-caliber artillery ammunition. At the same time, safe official handling is structurally guaranteed and unauthorized detonation of products is excluded.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the prior art, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for an ammunition specialist, showed that it is not known, and taking into account the possibility of industrial serial production, we can conclude that the patentability criteria are met.

Claims (2)

1. A mechanical fuse, comprising a housing located in the casing and closed by gaskets at the ends, carrying a sting of an inertial cocking mechanism, the igniter of which is connected with the pyrotechnic charges of the self-liquidation detonator capsule, and a locking cock of the long-range cocking mechanism kinematically connected with a safety slide gate valve supported by a spring , as well as an inertial-reaction shock mechanism mounted above the detonation source of the main charge, characterized in that the detonation source of the main the charge is equipped with an additional detonator capsule mounted in an eccentric slide gate valve and offset from the longitudinal axis of the fuse, the eccentric made with a groove and equipped with a step-shaped clamp mounted with the possibility of radial movement, the spring is made of a plate, and its free end interacts with centrifugal stop and placed in the groove of the eccentric. 2. The mechanical fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that in the housing between the eccentric of the slide gate and the detonation source of the main charge, a transfer charge is axially placed.

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