RU2422764C1 - Nose fuse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosives. ^ SUBSTANCE: nose fuse for small-calibre artillery cartridges comprises the following coaxially mounted components - an actuator beam detonating cap, an aggregate unit, the axial fire-sending channel of which, equipped with an output throttling hole, there are the following components mounted - a centrifugal gate, a membrane gate, a transverse bolt, equipped with a combustible powder stop, and a central detonating cap, and a self-destruction detonating cap is installed parallel to the latter with the possibility of longitudinal displacement towards a stationary sting and is connected by a pyrotechnical channel directly to the detonating cap. At the same time the stepped sting of the central detonating cap is equipped with an inertial triggering mechanism, comprising a helical stop installed inside a bushing arranged above a circular bore in a transverse link, and is connected to an impact reaction mechanism, balls of which are placed in radial inclined slots of the body connected to its peripheral circular groove closed with a fairing coupled with a monolithic head end of the body. The pyrotechnical channel of the self-destruction device and the powder stop in the bolt of the axial fire-sending channel adjoin a circular gap between the body and the aggregate unit, where there is a receiver to accumulate gaseous products of their combustion, besides, the pyrotechnical channel with a throttling hole directed towards an actuator detonating cap, is connected via an intensifying charge in an expansion chamber. ^ EFFECT: increased functional reliability and safety of fighting application of a nose fuse according to its designation. ^ 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to remote combined fuses of double action, shock and time, triggered when meeting with an obstacle and after a specified period of time from the moment of the shot, determined by the combustion of the powder element of the self-destruction mechanism.

The level of this technical field is characterized by a combined combined-action remote detonator for small-caliber artillery cartridges according to patent RU 2255300 C1, F42C 9/14, 2005, which contains a self-eliminating mechanism initiated by a nakolik, whose igniter capsule is connected via an pyrotechnic channel to an executive radiation capsule detonator, and sequentially mounted in the axial fire channel of the housing of the capsule igniter, a retarding means in the form of a membrane shutter and a receiver with per The serial throttle openings placed over the executive beam detonating cap.

The stepwise sting of the axial igniter capsule is equipped with an inertial cocking mechanism and is associated with a shock reaction initiation mechanism.

The inertial cocking mechanism includes a spiral stopper located inside the movable sleeve, which is mounted on a split gasket above the annular groove in the transverse jumper of the housing.

The shock reaction mechanism contains balls placed in the radial grooves of the housing, inclined from the peripheral annular groove closed by the conical fairing to the center, where the massive sting step is located above the igniter capsule.

A feature of the well-known head fuse is that a conical thin-walled cowl is mounted on top of the head end of the body, forming a monolithic unity, constructive and functional.

In this case, the fuse volume is released to accommodate the structural elements of large dimensions, providing a predetermined time delay for the fuse to operate beyond the barrier: inside the affected equipment.

Coupled with a massive rounded shape by the head end of the fuse, the thin-walled conical fairing is not deformed from dynamic loads in the gun’s supply paths, and the balls of the shock reaction mechanism are freely adjacent to the thin-walled fairing protected from mechanical deformation.

The membrane shutter of the longitudinal channel of the hull, in combination with the labyrinth firing channel of the receiver, which has throttling communication openings with the executive beam detonator capsule provided to the periphery, provided a predetermined temporary deceleration of the transmission of the initiating pulse to detonate the projectile behind the obstacle inside the military equipment, which increases the efficiency of its fragmentation and high-explosive defeat.

A continuation of the advantages of the well-known head fuse is its inherent disadvantages: an excessively high speed of the cocking mechanism, which does not exclude the fuse in the barrel or above its own firing position, as well as possible unauthorized detonation during official handling, in particular as a result of the firing mechanism triggered by drops, bumps fuse, projectile, cartridge, or from ignition of the pyrotechnic composition during overheating in the gun’s power paths after the firing of a burst and. In the latter case, force from the triggered pyrotechnic channel, bypassing the membrane shutter of the axial channel of the housing, is transmitted directly to the executive detonator capsule, which causes unacceptable detonation.

The noted drawbacks are eliminated in the universal head fuse described in RF patent No. 91158, F42C 9/14, 2009, selected by technical nature and the number of matching features as the closest analogue to the proposed head fuse.

The well-known head fuse for small-caliber artillery shells contains a self-destruct mechanism, including a triggered igniter capsule, communicating via a pyrotechnic channel through a throttling hole with an executive beam detonator capsule, over which a centrifugal shutter is sequentially mounted in the axial fire-transfer channel of the aggregate unit, a centrifugal shutter equipped with a burning powder stop, and an igniter capsule, coaxially to which mount stepped sting.

The step tip of the igniter capsule is equipped with an inertial cocking mechanism and is connected with a direct reaction shock mechanism.

The cocking mechanism of the step tip includes a spiral stopper located inside a longitudinally movable sleeve located above the annular groove in the transverse jumper.

The balls of the impact reaction mechanism of the staggered sting are freely installed in the radial grooves of the housing, which are inclined to the center from its peripheral annular groove, closed by a thin-walled cowl.

The fairing is adjacent to the spherical shape of the monolithic head end of the housing and has the ability to deform when introduced into the barrier only into the volume of the annular peripheral groove, mechanically interacting with the impact balls to axially move the stepped tip to the igniter capsule.

This fuse is characterized by increased functional reliability due to equipping with two additional stages of protection and safety in official use, eliminating unauthorized operation.

The first stage of protection is provided by installing in the receiver, above its throttling hole, a centrifugal gate, which is held in geometrical closure by two staple petals, inertially squeezed when fired, and then under the action of centrifugal projectile rotation forces guaranteed to release the gate, deviating to the periphery and going beyond the dimensions his butt.

This prevents the fuse from triggering in official use from accidentally cocking the self-destruction mechanism, for example, during a fall, or from igniting the pyrotechnic channel in the overheated gun feed paths, which is possible when high-rate firing is stopped. The force of the flame from the triggered pyrotechnic channel in this case is localized in the receiver and is not transmitted to the beam detonator capsule, since the throttle opening of the receiver remains covered by a gate, which is held in the geometric lock of the fixed plate springs on the stop.

The second stage of protection is a transverse valve, which mechanically blocks the longitudinal fire transfer channel of the body for the time the cartridge is removed in flight from the firing position by 20 m (until the powder charge of its stop burns out). This prevents the unauthorized earlier operation of the beam detonator capsule, which is isolated for the duration of the burning of the powder charge of the valve stop from the initiating pulse of the fired igniter capsule.

However, the disadvantage of the described fuse is the unsatisfactory stability of the intended operation due to the relatively high error in the operation of the long-range cocking mechanism and self-destruction at a projectile distance in a wide range: 20-90 m after the shot.

When the fuse detonates at the lower limit of the range of flight distance, the projectile is detonated before meeting with a target, which is ineffective for its destruction, and firing at the upper limit of the range is dangerous for personnel, since it occurs on the descending branch of the trajectory during anti-aircraft fire.

The technical problem to which the present invention is directed is to eliminate the noted drawbacks in order to increase the functional reliability and safety in the official circulation of a universal head fuse.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known head fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges, containing a coaxially mounted executive beam detonator capsule, an aggregate unit, in the axial fire transfer channel of which is equipped with an output throttling hole, a centrifugal sliding gate, a membrane shutter are mounted burning powder stop, and the central igniter capsule, parallel to the latter with the possibility of longitudinal movement to the hospital The stinger is equipped with a self-elimination device igniter capsule connected directly by the pyrotechnic channel to the detonator capsule, while the step sting of the central igniter capsule is equipped with an inertial cocking mechanism, including a spiral stopper located inside the sleeve located above the annular groove in the transverse jumper and connected with the shock reaction mechanism, the balls of which are placed in the radial inclined grooves of the housing associated with its peripheral annular groove, is closed th fairing associated with the monolithic head end of the housing, according to the invention, the pyrotechnic channel of the self-liquidation device and the powder stop of the axial fire-transfer channel valve are adjacent to the annular gap between the housing and the aggregate block, where the receiver is made for the accumulation of gaseous products of their combustion, and the pyrotechnic channel with a throttle opening directed to the executive detonator capsule, connected through an amplifying charge in the expansion chamber.

Distinctive features provide increased functional reliability and safety of the combat use of the head fuse for its intended purpose due to the guaranteed operation of the executive detonator capsule in a narrower time range after the shot, while removing its minimum boundary from its own firing positions at the distance of the intended meeting with the target.

The invention additionally equips the head fuse with two stages of protection, providing increased safety in official handling and functional reliability during operation of both the fuses themselves and the small-caliber projectiles equipped with them for artillery cartridges.

Equipping the aggregate unit with a receiver, which is adjacent to the pyrotechnic channel and the powder stop of the axial fire-transfer channel valve, allows damping the pressure of the gaseous products generated during their combustion, thereby eliminating the unauthorized premature operation of the executive detonator capsule above its own positions before meeting with the target.

This creates an additional time delay in the operation of the executive detonator capsule, which doubled the minimum distance at which projectile detonation can occur.

The receiver in the aggregate block is a storage of gaseous products of combustion of the pyrotechnic channel composition of the self-liquidation mechanism and the powder charge of the transverse gate stop, which provides a time delay for the initiation pulse to enter the axial fire transfer channel, which is a relatively large gas-dynamic resistance.

As a damping device, the receiver reduces the peak pressure of the generated gases, as a result of which the burning speed of the active compounds of the fuse is stabilized and, most importantly, decreases.

The connection of the receiver through the annular gap of the housing with its axial fire-transfer channel is necessary to create the working pressure of the generated gases, the formation of the flame force on the beam detonator capsule directed through the throttle hole, which serves as gas-dynamic resistance.

The positive effect of the invention is that it provides a double increase in the lower limit of the range of operation of the beam detonator capsule (from 20 to 40 m) from the place of the shot, which eliminates premature detonation of the projectile (before meeting the target) over its own positions.

Another result of the proposed improvements in the design of the fuse is the stable burning of its active compounds over a narrow period of time, which reduces the maximum distance of the self-destruction mechanism, thereby increasing the safety of personnel from detonating shells to a downward flight path in the event that there is no meeting with the target.

The communication connection between the receiver and the pyrotechnic channel of the self-liquidation mechanism, with the burning stop of the transverse gate valve and the axial fire transfer channel through the adjacent annular gap between the body and the aggregate unit, is the simplest and most compact constructive solution for carrying out the necessary sequence of actions of the fuse's functional elements at the estimated time.

An additional estimated receiver volume provides a predetermined time delay in the transmission of an initiating fire pulse from an inertia-piercing igniter capsule to an executive beam detonator capsule operating in a narrow range of the projectile’s flight distance.

This ensures mechanical isolation by centrifugal valve of the axial fire transfer channel for the time of burning of the powder stop, as a result of which the generated hot gaseous products are discharged through the annular gap of the housing into the storage receiver of the aggregate unit.

The connection of the pyrotechnic channel with the throttling hole through the amplification charge placed in the expansion chamber allows the slow burning composition to be used in the first, guaranteed to provide a predetermined time delay in the limited volume of the small-caliber cartridge fuse.

The expansion chamber provides the accumulation of gaseous combustion products of the pyrotechnic composition of the channel and the dynamic formation of increased pressure when the amplification charge is directed through the throttle opening of the flame force. As a result, the executive beam detonator capsule fires precisely at a given time interval.

With the additional storage capacity of the receiver, the serial technology of manufacturing the mating parts of the fuse for extended tolerances, including the injection method, was simplified, which significantly reduced the consumer cost of the product.

Therefore, each essential sign is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve a novelty of quality that is not characteristic of the signs of disunity, that is, the task is solved not by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect of the sum of the signs.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the prior art, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for an ammunition specialist, showed that it is unknown, and given the possibility of industrial serial production of an improved head fuse in an existing production, we can conclude that the patentability criteria are met .

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which has a purely illustrative purpose and does not limit the scope of the claims of the formula. The drawings show:

figure 1 - the proposed head fuse (longitudinal section along BB in figure 3);

figure 2 is the same, in BB in figure 3;

figure 3 is a section along aa in figure 1;

figure 4 is the same after combustion of the powder stop of the transverse valve;

figure 5 is a view of I in figure 2;

figure 6 is the same, a view along arrow D in figure 5;

Fig.7 is a section along G-D in Fig.2.

In the axial channel 1 of the aggregate unit 2, located in the body 3 of the head fuse, sequentially from top to bottom according to the drawing (Figs. 1 and 2), there are installed: a step tip 4, an igniter 5, a transverse valve 6, a membrane shutter 7 of a retardation sleeve 8, a centrifugal the gate 9 and the executive beam detonator capsule 10.

The massive step of the sting 4 rests on a safety stopper 11 made of a spirally twisted tape, which is placed in a longitudinally movable sleeve 12, supported by a split gasket 13 mounted on the transverse jumper 14.

An annular groove 15 is made in the transverse jumper 14 under a linearly settling sleeve 12.

The upper part of the massive stage of the tip 3 is adjacent to the radial grooves 16 of the housing 3, in which the shock balls 17 are freely located. The radial grooves 16 are made inclined from the peripheral annular groove 18 in the housing 3 to the center, where the balls 17 rest on the massive stage of the tip 3 from above.

The peripheral annular groove 18 is covered by a thin-walled fairing 19, which is mounted on the housing 3 and congruently adjacent to its spherical shape with a monolithic head end, forming a constructive unity.

Part of the fairing 19 above the peripheral groove 18 of the housing 3 and the balls 17 in inclined radial grooves 16 form a shock reaction mechanism for moving the tip 4 to the igniter 5 coaxially mounted under it.

In parallel to the fire-axial axial channel 1 in the housing 3 there is an inertial firing mechanism (Fig. 2) consisting of a stationary sting 20 loaded with a spring 21 and an igniter capsule 22 connected with a burning stop 23 of the lateral valve 6 of the axial channel 1 of the housing 3.

A pyrotechnic channel 24 is adjacent to the igniter capsule 22, at the output of which an amplifying charge 25 is mounted (Fig. 1), which is located in the expansion chamber 26, which directly communicates with the throttling hole 27 of the channel 1 directed to the executive beam detonator capsule 10.

The initiating mechanism (20-21-22), together with the pyrotechnic channel 24 (figure 2, 4 and 7) form a device for self-destruction of the projectile.

The pyrotechnic channel 24 performs the function of a time delay during the combustion of its composition to transmit the force of the flame to the executive beam detonator capsule 10.

The pyrotechnic channel 24 and the powder stop 23 communicate through an annular gap 28 (Figs. 3, 4, 7) between the housing 3 and the aggregate unit 2 with the receiver 29, made in block 2.

Under the transverse valve 6 in the axial channel 1 of the housing 3, a slow-down sleeve 8 (as gas-dynamic resistance) is mounted, covered with a membrane shutter 7 made of copper foil, the thickness of which provides a temporary delay for the hot products to melt the combustion products of the pyrotechnic composition of the igniter 5, necessary to remove the projectile behind the penetrated obstacle by 0.3-0.5 m, which ensures increased fragmentation and high-explosive damaging action inside the enemy's military equipment.

The retarding sleeve 8 communicates with the throttling hole 27 of the channel 1, blocked by a centrifugal gate 9.

A centrifugal gate 9 is mounted on an abutment 30 (Fig. 5) with the possibility of relative longitudinal movement in the radial guide groove 31 and is fixed along the end face with the petals of the cantilevered clamp 32.

The free ends of the petals of the bracket 32 have the ability to inertially lower when fired.

The fuse operates as follows.

At the moment of the shot, under the influence of inertia from linear acceleration of the projectile in the channel of the gun’s barrel, the cocking mechanism sleeve 12, the self-elimination mechanism igniter 22 and the free ends of the staple petals 30 move along the end of the gate 9.

The sleeve 12 bends the split gasket 13 and is installed in the annular groove 15 of the transverse jumper 14, releasing the spiral strip of the safety stopper 11.

The igniter capsule 22, compressing the spring 21, is punctured by the stationary tip 20 and the fire force initiates ignition of the compositions of the pyrotechnic channel 24 and the powder charge of the stop 23.

By inertia descending, the petals of the bracket 32 release the gate 9 from the geometric closure, which, under the action of centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile in the barrel channel, comes off the stop 30 and moves to the periphery of the groove 31, allowing access to the throttling hole 27, commuting it with the channel 1.

Balls 17 of the shock reaction mechanism in radial grooves 18 move up to the stop in the fairing 19.

The spiral tape of the stopper 11 is completely untwisted at a flight distance of 1.5-2.0 m, releasing a stepwise sting 4, which is pressed by inertia forces in the highest position to the housing 3.

The generated gaseous products during the combustion of the compositions of the pyrotechnic channel 24 and the powder of the stop 23 accumulate in the free volume of the receiver 29, the volume of which damps their transfer to the channel 1 through the gas-dynamic resistance of the gaps and backlash in the aggregate block 2.

At a flight distance from the shot site of 40 m, the powder charge of the stop 23 burns out, releasing the slide gate valve 6, which, under the action of centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile, moves to the left according to the drawing of FIG. 2, occupying the extreme peripheral position in the groove 31 (FIG. 4), as a result of which axial fire channel 1 opens - there is a distant cocking of the fuse.

After this, the head fuse is ready for action as intended.

When the projectile encounters with the aim, the monolithic spherical end face of the body 3 is introduced through the sheet barrier of the affected equipment, on which the cowl 19 above the peripheral groove 18 is deformed inward.

In this case, the balls 17 receive a shock pulse, as a result of which they move along the inclined radial grooves 16 to the center, pushing the stepwise sting 4 along the channel 1 until it meets the igniter capsule 22, pricking it.

The fire pulse from the piercing of the igniter capsule 22 is transmitted through channel 1, where it burns through the membrane 7 after a predetermined delay time and then through the retardation sleeve 8 and the open throttling hole 27 enters the beam detonator capsule 10, which is triggered, initiating explosive shell projectile.

At this point, the projectile penetrates the obstacle, where it is undermined, accompanied by a shock wave in a closed volume and fragments of destructive force.

In the case when the projectile does not meet the target, 10 seconds after the shot, the composition of the pyrotechnic channel 24 completely burns out and ignites the amplification charge 25, which almost instantly forms a fire force coming through the open throttling hole 27 of channel 1 directly to the executive beam detonator capsule 10, resulting in undermining and the projectile self-destructs.

In cases of unauthorized ignition of the pyrotechnic channel 24, from the initiation of self-liquidation of the self-elimination capsule 22 of the self-liquidating device during accidental handling or from overheating in the gun’s power paths, the radiation pulse from the hot aerosol generated in this case is not transmitted to the detonator capsule 10, since the gate 9 motionlessly held in geometrical closure by the petals of the bracket 32 on the stop 31 above the throttling hole 27, blocking access to the detonator capsule 10, which prevents undermining of the product.

The combat characteristics of the proposed head fuse, which is intended for manning small-caliber unitary artillery cartridges with high-explosive fragmentation and fragmentation tracer shells to combat ground unarmored enemy equipment at ranges up to 4 km, as well as air targets at altitudes up to 2000 m and oblique range up to 2500 m, correspond to the nearest equivalent.

However, the proposed head fuse, which is more technologically advanced in serial production, significantly exceeds the known technical level in terms of functional reliability and stability of the intended operation in a narrower and safer range of flight distance after a shot.

An experimental verification by shooting showed that the fuse was completely excluded at a flight distance before meeting the target and when the projectile fell on its territory during anti-aircraft shooting in case of a miss.

Claims (1)

A head fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges, containing a coaxially mounted executive beam detonator capsule, an aggregate unit, in the axial fire transfer channel of which is equipped with an output throttling hole, a centrifugal gate, a membrane shutter, a transverse gate valve equipped with a burning-out gunpowder, and a burnt-out gunpowder, equipped with a burn-out gunpowder, are sequentially mounted an ignitor, in parallel with which with a possibility of longitudinal movement to a stationary sting, a device-igniter capsule is installed self-liquidation properties connected directly by the pyrotechnic channel with the detonator radiation capsule, while the step-shaped sting of the central igniter capsule is equipped with an inertial cocking mechanism, including a spiral stopper located inside the sleeve located above the annular groove in the transverse jumper and connected to the shock reaction mechanism, balls which are placed in radial inclined grooves of the housing, connecting with its peripheral annular groove, closed by a fairing, conjugated with a monolithic tin end face of the case, characterized in that the pyrotechnic channel of the self-liquidation device and the powder stop of the axial fire transfer valve gate are adjacent to the annular gap between the body and the aggregate block, where the receiver is made for the accumulation of gaseous products of their combustion, and the pyrotechnic channel is connected through an amplification charge to the expansion chamber with a throttling hole directed to the executive detonator capsule.

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