RU92947U1 - HEAD BLASTER - Google Patents

Abstract

 A head detonator for small-caliber artillery cartridges, comprising a self-destruct mechanism, including a triggered igniter capsule, communicating via a pyrotechnic channel through an orifice with an actuating beam detonator capsule, over which a centrifugal shutter is mounted in series in the axial fire transfer channel of the aggregate unit, equipped with a burning powder stop, and an igniter capsule, whose step sting of sleep it is wound with an inertial cocking mechanism, including a spiral stopper located inside a longitudinally movable sleeve located above the annular groove in the transverse jumper, and connected with a shock reaction mechanism, the balls of which are freely mounted in the radial grooves of the housing, inclined to the center from its peripheral annular groove closed by a fairing coupled to a monolithic head end of the housing, characterized in that in the aggregate unit a receiver is made connected through an annular gap in the housing with a pyrotechnic channel self-destruction mechanism, the burning emphasis of the transverse valve and with an axial fire transfer channel.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to remote combined fuses of double action, shock and time, fired when they meet an obstacle and after a specified period of time from the moment of the shot, determined by the combustion of the powder element of the self-destruction mechanism.

The level of this technical field is characterized by a combined combined-action remote detonator for small-caliber artillery cartridges according to patent RU 2255300 C1, F42C 9/14, 2005, which contains a self-destruction mechanism initiated by a nakolik, the igniter capsule is connected via the pyrotechnic channel to the executive beam detonator capsule and sequentially mounted in the axial fire channel of the housing, the igniter capsule, a retarding means in the form of a membrane shutter and a receiver with peripheral Riina throttling holes placed on the executive beam detonating cap.

The stepwise sting of the axial igniter capsule is equipped with an inertial cocking mechanism and is associated with a shock reaction initiation mechanism.

The inertial cocking mechanism includes a spiral stopper located inside the movable sleeve, which is mounted on a split gasket above the annular groove in the transverse jumper of the housing.

The shock reaction mechanism contains balls placed in the radial grooves of the housing, inclined from the peripheral annular groove closed by the conical fairing to the center, where the massive sting step is located above the igniter capsule.

A feature of the well-known head fuse is that a conical thin-walled cowl is mounted on top of the head end of the body, forming a monolithic unity, constructive and functional.

In this case, the fuse volume is released to accommodate the structural elements of large dimensions, providing a predetermined time delay for the fuse to operate beyond the barrier: inside the affected equipment.

Coupled with a massive rounded shape by the head end of the fuse, the thin-walled conical fairing is not deformed from dynamic loads in the gun’s supply paths, and the balls of the shock reaction mechanism are freely adjacent to the thin-walled fairing protected from mechanical deformation.

The membrane shutter of the longitudinal channel of the hull, in combination with the labyrinth firing channel of the receiver, which has throttling communication openings with the executive beam detonator capsule provided to the periphery, provided a predetermined temporary deceleration of the transmission of the initiating pulse to detonate the projectile behind the obstacle inside the military equipment, which increases its fragmentation high-explosive defeat.

A continuation of the advantages of the well-known head fuse is its inherent disadvantages: an excessively high speed of the cocking mechanism, which does not exclude the fuse in the barrel or above its own firing position, as well as possible unauthorized detonation during official handling, in particular, as a result of the firing mechanism triggered by drops, bumps fuse, projectile, cartridge, or from ignition of the pyrotechnic composition during overheating in the gun’s power paths after the firing of a burst and. In the latter case, force from the triggered pyrotechnic channel, bypassing the membrane shutter of the axial channel of the housing, is transmitted directly to the executive detonator capsule, which causes unacceptable detonation.

The noted shortcomings were eliminated in the universal head fuse described in the application No. 2009138316, F42C 9/14, according to which the decision was made on November 9, 2009 to grant a patent of the Russian Federation, selected by technical nature and the number of matching features as the closest analogue to the proposed head fuse.

The well-known head fuse for small-caliber artillery shells contains a self-destruct mechanism, including a triggered igniter capsule, communicating via a pyrotechnic channel through a throttling hole with an executive beam detonator capsule, over which a centrifugal shutter is sequentially mounted in the axial fire-transfer channel of the aggregate unit, a centrifugal shutter equipped with a burning powder stop, and an igniter capsule, coaxially to which mount stepped sting.

The step sting of the igniter capsule is equipped with an inertial cocking mechanism and is associated with a direct reaction shock mechanism.

The cocking mechanism of the step tip includes a spiral stopper located inside a longitudinally movable sleeve located above the annular groove in the transverse jumper.

The balls of the impact reaction mechanism of the staggered sting are freely installed in the radial grooves of the housing, which are inclined to the center from its peripheral annular groove, closed by a thin-walled cowl.

The fairing is adjacent to the spherical shape of the monolithic head end of the housing and has the ability to deform when introduced into the barrier only into the volume of the annular peripheral groove, mechanically interacting with the impact balls to axially move the stepped tip to the igniter capsule.

This fuse is characterized by increased functional reliability due to equipping with two additional stages of protection and safety in official use, eliminating unauthorized operation.

The first stage of protection is provided by installing in the receiver, above its throttling hole, a centrifugal gate, which is held in geometrical closure by two staple petals, inertially squeezed when fired, and then under the action of centrifugal projectile rotation forces guaranteed to release the gate, deviating to the periphery and going beyond the dimensions his butt.

This prevents the fuse from triggering in official use from accidentally cocking the self-destruction mechanism, for example, during a fall, or from igniting the pyrotechnic channel in the overheated gun feed paths, which is possible when high-speed firing is stopped. The force of the flame from the triggered pyrotechnic channel in this case is localized in the receiver and is not transmitted to the beam detonator capsule, since the throttle opening of the receiver remains covered by a gate, which is held in the geometric lock of the fixed plate springs on the stop.

The second stage of protection is a transverse valve, which mechanically blocks the longitudinal fire transfer channel of the body for the time the cartridge is removed in flight from the firing position by 20 m (until the powder charge of its stop burns out). This prevents the unauthorized earlier operation of the beam detonator capsule, which is isolated for the duration of the burning of the powder charge of the valve stop from the initiating pulse of the fired igniter capsule.

However, the disadvantage of the described fuse is the unsatisfactory stability of the intended action due to the relatively high error in the operation of the long-range cocking mechanism and self-destruction at a projectile distance in a wide range: 20-90 m after the shot.

When the fuse detonates at the lower limit of the range of flight distance, the projectile is detonated before meeting with the target, which is ineffective for its destruction, and firing at the upper limit of the range is dangerous for personnel, since it occurs on the descending branch of the trajectory during anti-aircraft fire.

The task to which the present utility model is aimed is to improve the designation of the head fuse, the operation of which occurs in a narrower range at a given optimal distance of the projectile's flight to the target.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known head fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges containing a self-destruction mechanism, including a triggered igniter capsule communicating via a pyrotechnic channel with a throttle aperture with an executive beam detonator capsule, above which in the axial fire-retardant unit mounted centrifugal gate, diaphragm valve, transverse valve, equipped with a burning powder m emphasis, and the igniter capsule, the sting of which is equipped with an inertial cocking mechanism, including a spiral stopper located inside a longitudinally movable sleeve located above the annular groove in the transverse jumper, and connected with a shock reaction mechanism, the balls of which are freely mounted in the radial grooves of the housing, inclined to the center from its peripheral annular groove, closed by a fairing, paired with a monolithic head end of the housing, at the suggestion of the authors, in the aggregate block is made receiver connected through an annular gap in the housing with the pyrotechnic channel of the self-liquidation mechanism, the burning stop of the transverse valve and with an axial fire-transfer channel.

Distinctive features ensured a more accurate cocking and firing of the fuse in a given narrow range of the distance of the flight of the artillery shell to the target.

The receiver in the aggregate block is a storage of gaseous products of combustion of the pyrotechnic channel composition of the self-liquidation mechanism and the powder charge of the transverse gate stop, which provides a time delay for the initiation pulse to enter the axial fire transfer channel, which is a relatively large gas-dynamic resistance.

As a damping device, the receiver reduces the peak pressure of the generated gases, as a result of which the burning speed of the active compounds of the fuse is stabilized and, most importantly, decreases.

This, firstly, ensures a double increase in the lower limit of the range of operation of the detonator beam capsule (from 20 to 40 m) from the place of the shot, which eliminates premature detonation of the projectile (before meeting the target) over its own positions.

The second positive result of the proposed design improvements is the stable burning of the fuse active compounds over a narrow period of time, which ensures a reduction in the maximum distance of the self-destruction mechanism, thereby increasing the safety of personnel from undermining shells to a downward flight path in the event that it does not meet with the target.

The communication connection between the receiver and the pyrotechnic channel of the self-liquidation mechanism, the burning stop of the transverse gate valve and the axial fire-transfer channel through the adjacent annular gap between the body and the aggregate unit is the simplest and most compact constructive solution for carrying out the necessary sequence of actions of the fuse's functional elements at the estimated time.

With the additional storage capacity of the receiver, the serial technology of manufacturing the mating parts of the fuse for extended tolerances, including the injection method, was simplified, which significantly reduced the consumer cost of the product.

Therefore, each essential sign is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve a novelty of quality that is not characteristic of the signs of disunity, that is, the task is solved not by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect of the sum of the signs.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawing, which has a purely illustrative purpose and does not limit the scope of the claims of the formula. The drawing shows:

figure 1 - the proposed head fuse (longitudinal section along BB in figure 3);

figure 2 is the same, in BB in figure 3;

figure 3 is a section along aa in figure 1;

figure 4 is the same after combustion of the powder stop of the transverse valve;

figure 5 is a section along G-D in figure 2.

In the axial channel 1 of the aggregate unit 2, located in the body 3 of the head fuse, sequentially from top to bottom according to the drawing (Figs. 1 and 2), there are installed: a step tip 4, an igniter 5, a transverse valve 6, a membrane shutter 7 of a retardation sleeve 8, a centrifugal the gate 9 and the executive beam detonator capsule 10.

The massive step of the sting 4 rests on a safety stopper 11 made of a spirally twisted tape, which is placed in a longitudinally movable sleeve 12, supported by a split gasket 13 mounted on the transverse jumper 14.

An annular groove 15 is made in the transverse jumper 14 under a linearly settling sleeve 12.

The upper part of the massive stage of the tip 4 is adjacent to the radial grooves 16 of the housing 3, in which the shock balls 17 are freely located. The radial grooves 16 are made inclined from the peripheral annular groove 18 in the housing 3 to the center, where the balls 17 rest on the massive stage of the tip 3 from above.

The peripheral annular groove 18 is covered by a thin-walled fairing 19, which is mounted on the housing 3 and congruently adjacent to its spherical shape with a monolithic head end, forming a constructive unity.

Part of the fairing 19 above the peripheral groove 18 of the housing 3 and the balls 17 in inclined radial grooves 16 form a shock reaction mechanism for moving the tip 4 to the igniter 5 coaxially mounted under it.

In parallel to the fire-transfer axial channel 1 in the aggregate block 2, an inertial firing mechanism is placed (Fig. 2) as a part of a stationary sting 20, loaded with a spring 21, and an igniter capsule 22 connected with a burning stop 23 of the lateral valve 6 of the axial channel 1 made in the form of a powder charge. aggregate block 2.

The pyrotechnic channel 24 is adjacent to the igniter capsule 22, which commutates under the retardation sleeve 8 directly with the throttling hole 25 of the channel 1 directed to the executive beam detonator capsule 10.

The firing mechanism (20-21-22), together with the pyrotechnic channel 24 (figure 5) form a device for self-destruction of the projectile.

The pyrotechnic channel 24 performs the function of a time delay during the combustion of its composition to transmit the force of the flame to the executive beam detonator capsule 10.

The pyrotechnic channel 24 and the powder stop 23 are communicated through an annular gap 26 (Fig.3-5) between the housing 3 and the aggregate unit 2 with the receiver 27, made in block 2.

Under the transverse valve 6 in the axial channel 1 of the aggregate block 2, a slow-down sleeve 8 is mounted (as a gas-dynamic resistance), covered with a membrane shutter 7 made of copper foil, the thickness of which provides a temporary delay for the hot products to melt the combustion products of the pyrotechnic composition of the igniter 5, necessary to remove the projectile behind the penetrated obstacle by 0.3-0.5 m, which provides increased fragmentation and high explosive damaging effect inside the enemy's military equipment.

The retarding sleeve 8 is in communication with the throttling hole 25 of the channel 1, blocked by a centrifugal gate 9.

A centrifugal gate 9 is mounted on an abutment 28 with the possibility of relative longitudinal movement in the radial guide groove 29 (Figs. 1 and 2) and at the same time is fixed along the end face by the petals of the cantilevered clamp 30.

The free ends of the petals of the bracket 30 have the ability to inertially lower when fired.

The fuse operates as follows.

At the moment of the shot, under the influence of inertia from linear acceleration of the projectile in the channel of the gun’s barrel, the cocking mechanism sleeve 12, the self-elimination mechanism igniter 22 and the free ends of the staple petals 30 move along the end of the gate 9.

The sleeve 12 bends the split gasket 13 and is installed in the annular groove 15 of the transverse jumper 14, releasing the spiral strip of the safety stopper 11.

The igniter capsule 22, compressing the spring 21, is punctured by the stationary tip 20 and the fire force initiates ignition of the compositions of the pyrotechnic channel 24 and the powder charge of the stop 23.

Inertia-lowering, the petals of the bracket 30 release the gate 9 from the geometrical closure, which, under the action of centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile in the bore, comes off the stop 28 and moves to the periphery of the groove 29, allowing access to the throttle hole 25, commuting it with the channel 1.

Balls 17 of the shock reaction mechanism in radial grooves 18 move up to the stop in the fairing 19.

The spiral tape of the stopper 11 is completely untwisted at a flight distance of 1.5-2.0 m, releasing a stepwise sting 4, which is pressed by inertia forces in the highest position to the housing 3.

The generated gaseous products during the combustion of the compositions of the pyrotechnic channel 24 and the powder of the stop 23 accumulate in the free volume of the receiver 27, the volume of which damps their transmission to the channel 1 through the gas-dynamic resistance of the gaps and backlash in the aggregate unit 2.

At a flight distance from the shot site of 40 m, the powder charge of the stop 23 burns out, releasing the slide gate valve 6, which, under the action of centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile, moves to the left according to the drawing of FIG. 2, as a result of which the axial fire-transfer channel 1 opens - the fuse is distantly cocked.

After this, the head fuse is ready for action as intended.

When the projectile encounters with the aim, the monolithic spherical end face of the body 3 is introduced through the sheet barrier of the affected equipment, on which the cowl 19 above the peripheral groove 18 is deformed inward.

In this case, the balls 17 receive a shock pulse, as a result of which they move along the inclined radial grooves 16 to the center, pushing the stepwise sting 4 along the channel 1 until it meets the igniter 5, pricking it.

The fire pulse from the incandescent igniter 5 is transmitted through channel 1, where it burns through the membrane 7 after a predetermined delay time and then enters the beam detonator 10 through the retardation sleeve 8 and the throttle hole 25, which triggers a bursting charge of the projectile.

At this point, the projectile penetrates the obstacle, where it is undermined, accompanied by a shock wave in a closed volume and fragments of destructive force.

In the case when the projectile does not meet the target, 10 seconds after the shot, the composition of the pyrotechnic channel 24 completely burns out and the gaseous products of combustion come in the form of a reinforced force through the open throttling hole 25 of channel 1 directly to the executive beam detonator 10, as a result of which there is an explosion and the shell self-destructs.

In cases of unauthorized ignition of the pyrotechnic channel 24, from the firing of the igniter capsule 22 of the self-destruction mechanism during official handling from an accidental blow or from overheating in the gun’s supply paths, the radiation pulse from the hot aerosol generated in this case is not transmitted to the detonator capsule 10, since the gate 9 motionlessly held in geometrical closure by the petals of the bracket 30 on the stop 28 above the throttling hole 25, blocking access to the detonator capsule 10, which prevents undermining of the product.

The combat characteristics of the proposed head fuse, which is intended for manning small-caliber unitary artillery cartridges with high-explosive fragmentation and fragmentation tracer shells to combat ground unarmored enemy equipment at ranges up to 4 km, as well as air targets at altitudes up to 2000 m and oblique range up to 2500 m, correspond to the nearest equivalent.

However, the proposed head fuse, which is more technologically advanced in serial production, significantly exceeds the known technical level in terms of functional reliability and stability of the intended operation in a narrower and safer range of flight distance after firing.

An experimental verification by shooting showed that the fuse was completely excluded at a flight distance before meeting the target and when the projectile fell on its territory during anti-aircraft shooting in case of a miss.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the prior art, from which the utility model does not explicitly follow for the ammunition specialist, showed that it is not known, and taking into account the possibility of industrial serial production of an improved head fuse in an existing production, we can conclude that patentability criteria.

Claims (1)

A head detonator for small-caliber artillery cartridges, comprising a self-destruct mechanism, including a triggered igniter capsule, communicating via a pyrotechnic channel through an orifice with an actuating beam detonator capsule, over which a centrifugal shutter is mounted in series in the axial fire transfer channel of the aggregate unit, equipped with a burning powder stop, and an igniter capsule, whose step sting of sleep it is wound with an inertial cocking mechanism, including a spiral stopper located inside a longitudinally movable sleeve located above the annular groove in the transverse jumper, and connected with a shock reaction mechanism, the balls of which are freely mounted in the radial grooves of the housing, inclined to the center from its peripheral annular groove closed by a fairing coupled to a monolithic head end of the housing, characterized in that in the aggregate block a receiver is connected through an annular gap in the housing with a pyrotechnic channel self-destruction mechanism, the burning emphasis of the transverse valve and with an axial fire transfer channel.