RU2234051C1 - Nose fuse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: remote combination double-action (impact and time) fuses operating as a result of inertia movement of mechanisms at an impact with an obstacle and on expiration of the preset time interval from the moment of the shot, determined by combustion of the powder element of the self-destruction mechanism.

SUBSTANCE: the nose fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges has a body, in which coaxially in succession positioned are the central rod pressing the end of the tapered fairing by the supporting head, axial firing pin, primer cap, shutter of the fire-transfer channel with a powder charge, delay pellet plug and a safety device of the radial detonating cap coupled by means of a pyrotechnic channel to the self-destruction pricking mechanism, a peripheral annular groove with radial inclined slots is made in the body under the tapered fairing positioned in which are the balls of the impact reaction mechanism of the axial firing pin resting on the helical lock of the inertia cocking mechanism positioned inside the movable bushing installed over the annular groove of the mounting support. The novelty is in the fact that the central rod is provided with a communication channel closed with a membrane by means of through ports of the body with a peripheral annular groove under the tapered fairing.

EFFECT: enhanced functional reliability of the nose fuse, universality of action of the impact reaction mechanism of the axial firing pin at an impact of shells with obstacles of various stiffness.

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Description

The invention relates to remote combined fuses of double action, shock and temporary, triggered by inertial movement of mechanisms when meeting an obstacle and after a predetermined period of time from the moment of the shot, determined by the combustion of the powder element of the self-destruction mechanism, containing a spring cocking mechanism and a safety device that prevents spontaneous detonation fuse in official circulation and at a distance.

The prior art in this area is characterized by the MG-25 head fuse for small-caliber unitary loading artillery cartridges, which contains an igniter capsule and a coaxial sting of a percussion reaction mechanism, an inertial cocking mechanism, a detonator beam capsule equipped with a self-destructive fire chain with safety and retarding devices described in the book “23-mm twin unit ZU-23”, Military Publishing, M., 1961, p.102-103, Fig. 14.3 and 14.4.

In the axial channel of the end face of the housing, closed by a membrane, a rod is installed by means of a centering head with the ability to move to the stinger of the shock mechanism mounted on a spiral lock spring located in an annular sleeve resting on a transverse partition of the longitudinal groove.

Between the igniter capsule and the detonator capsule there is a labyrinth fire retardant sleeve closed by a protective gasket.

The disadvantages of this fuse are its low functional reliability on the trajectory of the projectiles to the target due to the high sensitivity of the shock mechanism triggered by rain, hail and dust, from mechanical influences on the end membrane in the gun feed paths, as well as the poor protection of the beam detonator capsule from triggering of the self-liquidation mechanism in official circulation in the event of accidental shock and falling or from ignition during overheating in the power supply paths of the automation of artillery systems, especially at stops between bursts of fire.

In addition, the design of the labyrinth retarder determines the technological complexity of manufacturing in serial production on high-precision unique equipment, and also limits the range and range of self-destruction distance.

The noted drawbacks are eliminated in the lead fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges of the patent 2205362, F 42 C, 9/14, 2001, selected as the closest analogue in terms of number of matching features and technical nature, containing a housing in which the central shaft is coaxially arranged, the conical fairing end pressing by the support head, axial sting, igniter capsule, shutter of the fire transfer channel with powder charge, retardation sleeve and the beam detonator capsule fuse, by means of a pyrotechnic channel with a pruning self-destruction mechanism.

A peripheral annular groove with radial inclined grooves is made in the fuse case under the conical fairing, in which are located the balls of the shock reaction mechanism of the axial tip, resting on the spiral stop of the inertial cocking mechanism, located inside the movable sleeve mounted above the annular groove of the transverse jumper (mounting support).

In the well-known inertial-reaction head fuse, the main service characteristics of the destination are improved when used in small-caliber cartridges in terms of cocking the self-destruction mechanism and expanding the range of the distance of its operation, while the safety in official handling and operation of cartridges is improved.

This fuse is all-weather, that is, a given discontinuous action on the trajectory does not depend on the state of the atmosphere.

A monolithic, rigid head of a rounded central rod protects the fuse’s membrane from dynamic loads and mechanical stresses in the power paths of the gun’s automatics, and fixes the membrane on the case rigidly from above.

The conical shape of the membrane, made in the form of a fairing, reduces the sensitivity of the shock mechanism to the effects of precipitation on the flight path and ensures all-weather use of the fuse.

The membrane of the head part of the body that is deformable when meeting for the purpose serves as a shock drive for the movement of the balls along the inclined radial grooves to the axial pruning tip.

A transverse shutter equipped with a powder stopper in the axial deceleration channel prevents the accidental operation of the igniter capsule and the transmission of the radiation pulse to the detonator capsule and the premature burst of the projectile.

An additional mechanism for protecting the inertial action from the centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile prevents the detonator capsule from accidentally charging the self-destruction mechanism in official circulation, which increases the technological safety of the maintenance of ammunition.

This fuse works flawlessly when meeting lightly armored targets: infantry fighting vehicles, aircraft, automobiles, etc.

However, a continuation of the advantages of the well-known head fuse is the inherent lack of unsatisfactory sensitivity of the reaction shock mechanism when meeting with “soft” barriers: snowy infusion, water surface or loose soil, which reduces the effectiveness of the damaging effect of the munition, as there may be cases when the igniter capsule does not impale axial sting, for the working movement of which the deformation of the conical fairing from external forces of the obstacle is not enough.

The problem to which the present invention is directed, is to increase the functional reliability of the head fuse to increase the effectiveness of the main damaging effects of ammunition.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known main fuse for small-caliber artillery cartridges, comprising a housing in which a central rod, an adjacent conical nose end, an axial stinger, an igniter capsule, a fire-retardant channel shutter with a powder charge, are retarded and a fuse for the radiation detonator capsule connected by means of the pyrotechnic channel to the self-liquidation self-liquidation mechanism, while in the housing under the conical fairing, a peripheral annular groove is made with radial inclined grooves, where the balls of the shock reaction mechanism of the axial sting are located, resting on the spiral stopper of the inertial cocking mechanism, located inside the movable sleeve mounted above the annular groove of the mounting support, according to the invention, the central shaft is equipped with a closed longitudinal membrane a communication channel through the through windows of the housing with a peripheral annular groove under the conical fairing.

Distinctive features provided increased functional reliability to the main fuse, reporting the versatility of the impact reaction mechanism of the axial sting when meeting projectiles with different stiffness barriers.

The longitudinal channel of the central rod through the through windows communicates with the annular groove of the housing, which provides direct interaction of soil, water or snow, breaking through the end membrane, with pressure balls, bypassing the conical fairing.

In this case, the material of the barrier inside the communication channels is compacted, which concentrates the force on the balls to move the axial sting, as a result of which the probability of the fuse tripping noticeably increased.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination is sufficient to achieve the novelty of quality that is not inherent to the signs of disunity, thus the technical problem posed in the invention is solved.

According to a comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the prior art, from which the invention for an ammunition specialist does not explicitly follow, showed that it is not known, therefore, given the possibility of industrial serial production of a head fuse, we can conclude that the patentability criteria are met .

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - head fuse in the context;

figure 2 is the same cocked position.

The invention is illustrated by an example of a fuse for an artillery 30-mm cartridge for automatic gun 2A42.

In the case 1 of the head fuse in the axial channel 2, the A-30T brand radiation capsule detonator 3, a safety device 4, a retardation sleeve 5, a shutter 6, an igniter 7 and a sting 8 mounted in the hammer 9 are installed sequentially from the bottom up. the end of the housing 1 is fixed to the Central rod 10 with a support head 11.

The head 11 of the central rod 10 rigidly presses a conical fairing 12 to the end of the housing 1, under which a peripheral annular groove 13 is made in the housing 1, provided with three radial grooves 14 of the message with an axial sting 8. inclined to the longitudinal axis at an angle of 45 degrees. In the grooves 14 are freely located pressure balls 15 with a diameter of 3.5 mm, which together with the fairing 12 act as a shock reaction mechanism when meeting with a target or obstacle.

In the central rod 10, a longitudinal communication channel 16 is made with a peripheral annular groove 13 through the through windows 17 of the housing 1. A membrane 18 is mounted in the head 11 of the rod 10, which overlaps the channel 16.

The tip 8 in the axial channel 2 of the housing 1 in the upper initial position by means of the hammer 9 is held on a coaxial safety stopper 19 made of a spirally twisted elastic copper tape, which is placed inside the annular sleeve 20, resting on the transverse gasket 21, overlapping the longitudinal groove 22 in the mounting support 23 under the sleeve 20 mounted in the channel 2 with the possibility of longitudinal movement relative to the housing 1.

The axial channel 2 under the igniter 7 is equipped with a receiver 24, below which there is a shutter 6 mounted on the powder charge 25, fixed in the position when it overlaps the channel 2. The powder charge 25 communicates with the fire pyrotechnic channel 26 of the self-destruction mechanism, including the igniter 27 , tightened by a spring 28, and a sting 29 fixed under it.

Pyrotechnic channel 26 through an amplifying charge communicates with channel 2 below the retardation sleeve 5 (not shown conditionally), the top closed with a gasket 30.

The safety device 4 includes an expansion chamber 31 and a gasket 32 closing the outlet to the detonator capsule 3 from below, between which a slider 33 is mounted with the possibility of lateral movement, spring-loaded with a profile bracket 34 acting as a leaf spring. In the initial position, the engine 33 overlaps the axial channel 2, that is, access to the detonator capsule 3.

The fuse operates as follows. At the time of the shot, under the influence of inertia forces from linear acceleration of the projectile in the barrel bore, the guns 20 move down and the igniter 27 of the self-destruction mechanism. In this case, the sleeve 20 bends the gasket 21 and is installed in the groove 22 of the mounting support 23, releasing the spirally twisted stopper tape 19, and the igniter capsule 27, compressing the spring 28, impinges on the sting 29, initiating ignition of the pyrotechnic composition of the labyrinth channel 26 and the powder charge 25 shutter 6.

Under the action of centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile, the stopper tape 19 is untwisted, releasing the stops of the striker 9, which carries the axial sting 8, and the engine 33, pressing the bracket 34, moves to the periphery of the chamber 31 and releases the inlet of the channel 2 of the safety device 4.

The stopper tape 19 is completely untwisted at a distance of 1.5-3.0 m flight distance, releasing the axial sting 8, inertially pressed to the grooves 14 of the housing 1, which is guaranteed to hold the sting 8 in its highest position. Balls 15 under the action of centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile adjacent to the fairing 12.

Further, at a distance of at least 20 m flight and guaranteed up to 100 m (according to tactical and technical requirements), the powder charge 25 burns out and releases the shutter 6, which is moved by centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile to the periphery, opening the axial channel 2. At the same time, the energies partially leaked into the axial channel 2 of hot gases and particulate matter is not enough to burn through the gasket 30 of the sleeve 5.

Fuse actuators cocked and ready to go.

When meeting with a target, the head 11 of the rod 10 and the fuse case 1 penetrate through a thin-walled barrier, where the conical fairing 12 is spatially deformed and crumpled along the profile of the housing 1. In this case, the conical fairing 12 dynamically radially overcomes the void of the annular groove 13 and transmits a shock pulse to the adjacent balls 15, which dynamically move along the inclined grooves 14 to the center, pushing the drummer 9 with the sting 8 along the axial channel 2 until the latter meets the igniter 7 and pricking it.

The additional mass, together with the stinger 8 of the moving striker 9, increases the reliability of the operation of the igniter 7, including the limiting angles of meeting at the maximum flight range.

In this case, the tip 8 dynamically receives a pulse of working movement through the hammer 9, which has a developed contact surface with the pressure balls 15, which ensures their inevitable interaction for the forced supply of the tip 8 to the igniter 7. This increases the functional reliability of the fuse and ammunition as a whole.

Powder gases and solid particles of the combustion products of the pyrotechnic composition of the igniter capsule 7 accumulate in the receiver 24, which then flow out in an organized manner from the throttling output axial channel 2 of the device 4 in the form of a flame force.

The fire pulse from the igniter capsule 7 is transmitted through channel 2, burning the gasket 30, through the sleeve 5, the open safety device 4, and then, burning the gasket 32, to the beam detonator capsule 3, which is triggered, initiating a bursting charge of the projectile.

When the projectile falls on loose soil, water or snow, the fairing 12 is not guaranteed to be deformed to create the required shock impulse to move the balls 15. In this case, the dynamics of the barrier material is used, which through the longitudinal channel 16 of the central rod 10, breaking through the membrane 18, passes through the windows 17 into the peripheral groove 13 of the housing 1 under the cowl 12. The material of the barrier fills the groove 13 and, being compressed, pushes the balls 15 out of the inclined grooves 14. Next, the above steps occur.

In the case when the projectile does not meet the target or obstacle at a distance of 4 km, the pyrotechnic charge in channel 25 burns out within 15 seconds after the shot. Gaseous products of combustion enter the bushing 5 of channel 2, and then into the expansion chamber 31, where they accumulate, burn the gasket 32 and, with a directed stream from the outlet of the safety device, enter the detonator capsule 3 - the shell self-destructs.

In cases that are possible during official handling, when the igniter capsule 27 inertially impinges upon unauthorized shocks and falls or ignites in the chamber and power paths of the automatic gun from overheating, for example, when the gun stops firing, then the radiation pulse from the channel 26 fire circuit to the detonator capsule 3 will not be received, because the output of the safety device 4 is blocked by the engine 33, which is cocked only under the action of centrifugal forces on the flight path of the rotating projectile.

When shooting in conditions of atmospheric precipitation and dusty air, raindrops, hail and solid aerosol particles ricochet from the conical surface of the fairing 12, which significantly reduces the momentum on the pressed balls 15, which are loaded with centrifugal forces of rotation of the projectile, which prevents them from moving to the center, excluding interaction with the hammer 9 axial sting 8.

The fuse of the proposed design is intended for use in the assembly of unitary cartridges with high-explosive fragmentation and fragmentation tracer shells designed to combat ground unarmored vehicles and enemy manpower at a distance of up to 4 km, as well as air targets at a height of up to 2000 m and an inclined range of up to 2500 m, is all-weather and universal.

Claims (1)

A head detonator for small-caliber artillery cartridges, comprising a housing in which a central rod coaxially arranged sequentially, pressing the conical fairing end face against the support head, an axial stinger, an igniter capsule, a fire transfer channel shutter with a powder charge, a retardation sleeve and a beam capsule detonator fuse, a detonator, is connected a pyrotechnic channel with a self-liquidating mechanism, while a peripheral annular ring is made in the housing under the conical fairing Avka with radial inclined grooves, where the balls of the shock reaction mechanism of the axial tip are located, resting on the spiral stop of the inertial cocking mechanism, located inside the movable sleeve mounted above the annular groove of the mounting support, characterized in that the central rod is equipped with a closed membrane, a longitudinal communication channel through additional through-case windows with a peripheral annular groove under the conical fairing.

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