RU2701333C1 - Method of scarifying beebread combs and device for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agriculture, in particular to beekeeping, and can be used primarily in technology of producing beebread. Method of scarifying beebread honeycombs involves drying bee honeycombs by honey bees to eliminate stickiness of beebread. Violation of integrity of wax combs and gap between beebread granules and walls of wax combs is performed by means of action of arched plates in horizontal directions on beebread honeycombs fixed in scriber in vertical position during their drying by installation of scarifier into body of device for drying of beebread combs. Apparatus for scarifying beebread honeycombs comprises a frame, beebread combs installed immovably in a vertical position. Scarifier frame is equipped with tension screws, which are fixed by nuts. Moving plates made of plywood are fixed on tension screws and fixed by nuts; surfaces of said plates are equipped with aluminium sheets. On both surfaces of movable plates arc-shaped plates made of aluminium sheet are fixed. Said beebread combs are fixed in vertical position between arc-like plates and fixed by guides secured at the frame. Scarifier is installed in housing of drier of beebread combs on perforated base.

EFFECT: technical result consists in improvement of technological process of disturbance of integrity of wax walls of combs, as well as qualitative improvement of scarification of beebread combs, reduction of drying time and reduction of energy costs not of it.

2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to beekeeping, and can be used mainly in the technology of obtaining bee bread.

Perga is fresh flower pollen of plants in the form of pollen, collected by bees, processed, stacked and preserved in honeycomb cells and filled with honey. As a result of enzymatic reactions and lactic acid fermentation occurring under anaerobic conditions, the mixture becomes easily digestible for bees, canned, which ensures its long-term storage. It is an indispensable protein food for larvae and adult bees. Bees use it to feed brood.

Harvesting beers is carried out directly in the honeycombs and separately from the wax base of the honeycomb.

A known method and line for a mechanized technology for extracting bee bread, which includes the sequential execution of the following operations:

drainage of honeycombs from honey to the bees to eliminate the stickiness of the bees;

if necessary, carry out the scarification of honeycombs;

drying natural or artificial bee bread to a moisture content of 13-14%;

separation of wax wax from the framework;

cooling the honeycomb to the required temperature in order to give the wax base of the honeycomb fragile properties; shredding;

pneumoseparation with separation into pellets of bee bread and wax raw materials.

Perga honeycombs are prepared for drying by scarifying the surface layer of the bee bread soaked in honey. After the honeycombs are scarified, the bee bread is dried, which is located in them in the drying unit until the final moisture content of the bee bread is 13-14%.

After drying the beef, the mass is separated from the frames and placed in the chamber of the refrigeration unit, where it is kept at a temperature of about 0 ... 1 degree for at least 50-60 minutes. After that, pieces of honeycomb honeycombs, the wax base of which became brittle as a result of cooling, are crushed and the obtained granules of bean bread are removed from the wax shells on the grinder and fed through the suction hopper to the suction channel. In the suction channel, the crushed wax-peroxide mass is separated by pneumatic separation into bee bread and wax raw materials. In this case, the particles of bee bread fall into the container, the wax material enters the cyclone, and the dust particles are carried out by the fan into the dust collector (Nekrashevich V.F., Kiryanov Yu.N. Mechanization of beekeeping. - Ryazan, 2005. - P. 259-272).

Of the whole technological process, drying the bee bread requires more time and energy.

In order to reduce drying time and energy costs, honeycombs are scarified.

Scarification is damage to the surface layer of a body. That is, when scarification of honeycomb honeycombs, it is necessary to violate the integrity of the honeycomb cell in which the granules of the honeyfish are located. Scarification of honeycomb honeycombs before drying allows you to reduce the drying time by almost 1.5-2 times, depending on the humidity of the beef and the same amount of energy for it.

There is a method of scarification of honeycomb honeycombs by cutting the surface layer of the granules of the bread with knives. (Kiryanov Yu.V. / Beekeeping stock and apiary equipment. -M.: Mir, 2004.

However, the pellets of the bee bread have different lengths from 3 to 12 mm. Therefore, to ensure the cutting of the surface layer of all granules is not possible. There is a large loss of bee bread in the form of crumbs during subsequent operations of its extraction.

There is a method of scarification of honeycomb honeycombs by piercing the honeycomb granules with needles located on a needle plate, which is carried out by a scarifier, consisting of a frame on which a shaft is mounted in the bearings that is rotated by a gear motor through a friction clutch. Right or left-hand threads are cut on each side of the central part of the scarifier shaft, which makes it possible for the right and left levers to approach or move away from each other when reversing its rotation. Plates with needles are attached to the levers, which pass through cleaning plates fixedly attached to the uprights, in the upper part of which guides are fixed. In order that levers do not turn together with the scarifier shaft together with needle plates, guides that slide along the guides are attached to them. Lever travel is limited by two limit switches. The needles on the needle plate are arranged in such a way that all cocoons located in the honeycomb cells are pierced simultaneously on the honeycomb cell. (Nekrashevich V.F., Kiryanov Yu.N. Beekeeping mechanization. - Ryazan, 2005. - S. 266-267).

A known method of scarification of honeycomb honeycombs is a scarifier, which works as follows. When giving the shaft a scarifier of rotation, the levers with needle plates are parted in different directions and a honeycomb is inserted between them. When giving the shaft a reverse motion, the needle plates converge and pierce the pergola cocoons to a depth specified by the limit switches.

With the reverse stroke, the needles exit from the pergola cocoons and are cleaned with cleaning plates of adhering pieces of bee bread and wax. After stopping the rotation of the shaft with the limit switch, the honeycomb is removed and another is inserted in its place. Then the cycle repeats.

The known method for scarification of honeycomb honeycombs and a device for its implementation have disadvantages.

When piercing, the integrity of the pellet granules is impaired, part of the granules is destroyed, which leads to deterioration of the quality of the bee bread and the qualitative and quantitative indicators of nutrients in the bee bread are reduced. The process of scarification in a known manner is time-consuming, and the scarifier is difficult to operate, since it is necessary to place the needles on the plate, as well as the honeycomb itself in a certain order to pierce each granule of the bee bread.

Due to the different lengths of the feather beads (from 3 to 12 mm), not all beads will be pierced, and a significant portion of the beads with the longest length will undergo excessive deformation.

In addition, the beehog in all cells of the honeycombs is hermetically closed by the wax walls of the honeycomb cells, and in some of which the entire volume of the cells is filled with bee honey, the bees cover the cells with a honey-bean cap.

When drying honeycombs from honey, bees eat and take away to the hive not only honey, which is in the cells of honeycombs, but also honey - honeycomb caps, which cover the granules of the honey.

Therefore, after drying by bees of honeycomb honeycombs, cells with granules of honey, having honey-honeycomb caps, a small amount remains.

Also known is a method of scarification of honeycomb honeycombs, including deformation with the formation of cracks in the caps of the granules and annular gaps between the wax walls of the honeycomb cells and the side walls of the granules by deflection of the honeycombs by the centrifugal force on the honeycombs, mounted vertically in the rotor cassettes, on the outer side of which fixed canvas. When the rotor rotates under the action of centrifugal forces of the web of cassettes, the honeycomb cells bend together under an arc of a circle. Pergovye honeycombs are deformed with the formation of cracks in the caps of the granules and annular gaps between the wax walls of the cells of the honeycombs and the side walls of the granules. After scarification of one side of the honeycomb honeycombs, they are removed from the cassettes, turned 180 ° and installed in the cassettes with repeating the scarification cycle on the other side of the honeycombs, which consists in breaking the shells of the cells in which the beads granules are located, by deflection of the honeycombs by the centrifugal force . (Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2472340, IPC A01K 59/00. Method for scarification of honeycomb honeycombs, filed 08.06.2011, publ. 01.20.2013 Bull. No. 2).

Due to the deformation and bending of the honeycomb honeycombs during rotation in the rotor, the wax walls of the cells break, and cracks are created.

In addition, during deformation and bending of the honeycomb honeycombs, annular gaps are created between the wax walls of the honeycomb cells and the surfaces of the granules of the honeycomb.

However, bead granules in honeycomb cells are hermetically sealed by the wax walls of honeycomb cells, and some cells with beehive are closed by honey-pepper caps. When drying honeycombs from honey, bees eat and take away to the hive not only honey, which is in the cells of honeycombs, but also honey - honeycomb caps, which cover the granules of the honey.

When the rotor in which the honeycombs are mounted due to the action of centrifugal forces, the honeycombs do not bend along the circular arc, and destruction of the honeycombs is possible. To prevent the destruction of honeycomb honeycombs on the outer side of the cassettes of the rotor fixed web.

The destruction of the honeycomb honeycombs is explained by the fact that the nesting, as well as the store frames for holding honeycombs with brood, honey and feathery in them are equipped with a wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm. The wire is stretched between the side strips along their center parallel to the upper bar at a distance of 15 ... 20 mm from it, and then the lower branches at a distance of 50 ... 55 mm from each other. In nesting frames, 5 or 4 are stretched, and in the storefront 2 branches of wire. (Nekrashevich V.F., Kiryanov Yu.N. Beekeeping mechanization. - Ryazan, 2005. - S. 100-101).

The wire, stretched between the side strips of the nesting frame, when exposed to the centrifugal forces of the rotating rotor, prevents deformation and bending of honeycombs.

In the honeycomb honeycombs in some cells of the honeycomb are granules of bee bread, and in other cells honey, which was taken away by the bees when drying the honeycombs. Therefore, when bending and deformation of the honeycomb due to centrifugal forces acting on the honeycomb, the integrity of the wax walls of the cells will be violated mainly, in which there are no granules of bee bread. It is explained by the fact that the wax consistency at a temperature of up to 35 ° С is solid, at a temperature of 47 ° С its normal structure is destroyed. Therefore, the formed cracks in the walls of the wax cells in which the beads are located will sharply decrease when they turn the honeycombs 180 ° and when they are bent, and will be insignificant for the air to pass between the walls of the wax cells and beads.

The objective of the invention is to improve the technological process of drying, scarification of honeycombs and the creation of a device for scarification of honeycombs.

The technical solution lies in the fact that the improvement of the technological process is carried out by simultaneous drying and scarification of the honeycomb honeycombs, and the scanning of the honeycomb honeycombs is carried out by a device that violates the integrity of the wax cells and the gap between the granules of the beers and the walls of the wax cells.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that the method of scarification of honeycombs includes drying bees with honeycombs from honey to eliminate the stickiness of the bees, and the integrity of the wax cells and the gap between the beads and the walls of the wax cells is carried out by the action of curved plates in horizontal directions on the motionless installed in the scarifier in a vertical position, honeycombs during drying of honeycombs by installing a scarifier in the housing of the apparatus for drying honeycombs.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that the device for scarification of honeycombs, containing the frame, honeycombs, mounted motionless in a vertical position, and the frame of the scarifier is equipped with tension screws that are fixed with nuts, movable plates made of plywood, surfaces are fixed and fixed with nuts which are equipped with aluminum sheets, on both surfaces of which are fixed arcuate plates made of sheet aluminum, and honeycombs mounted vertically In this position, it is motionless between arched plates, fixed by guides that are fixed on the frame, the scarifier is installed in the case of the honeycomb dryer on a perforated base.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the inventive method for scarification of honeycomb honeycombs meets the criterion of "novelty", as it differs from the prototype.

1. A honeycomb scarifier is installed in the casing of the plant for drying honeycombs.

2. Violation of the integrity of the wax cells and the formation of a gap between the granules of the bee bread and the walls of the wax cells is carried out during drying of the honeycombs.

3. Scarification of honeycomb honeycombs, that is, violation of the integrity of the wax walls of the cells and the formation of a gap between the granules of the beeswax and the walls of the wax cells is carried out by the action of arched plates in horizontal directions on vertically motionless mounted honeycombs.

To improve the process of drying honeycombs, the honeycomb scarifier is installed in the casing of the drying plant for honeycombs. Scarification of honeycomb honeycombs on both sides, that is, the integrity of the wax cells, walls and caps of the wax cells, as well as the formation of a gap between the granules of the beeswax and the wax walls of the cells of the honeycombs, is carried out during drying of the honeycombs.

The process of scarification and drying of honeycomb honeycombs is carried out in one unit.

To improve the technological process, the integrity of the wax cells and the formation of a gap between the granules of the bee bread and the walls of the wax cells are violated during drying of the honeycombs.

To improve the process of scarification of honeycomb honeycombs, violation of the integrity of the wax walls of the cells and the formation of a gap between the granules of the beers and the walls of the wax cells is carried out by the action of arcuate plates in horizontal directions on vertically mounted honeycombs. In this case, a controlled change in the integrity of the wax walls of the cells and the gap between the walls of the wax cells and granules of the perga is possible.

Identified signs of a technical solution of the proposed method for scarification of honeycomb honeycombs allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the inventive device for scarification of honeycomb honeycombs meets the criterion of "novelty", as it differs from the prototype.

1. The scarifier is made in the form of a frame equipped with tensioning screws.

2. The tensioning screws are equipped with nuts.

3. Movable plates are fixed to the tensioning screws.

4. Sliding plates are fixed with nuts.

5. Movable plates are made of multilayer plywood.

6. Movable plywood boards equipped with aluminum sheets.

7. On movable plates, the surfaces of which are equipped with aluminum sheets, arc-shaped plates are fixed from both surfaces.

8. Arcuate plates are made of sheet aluminum.

9. On the frame between the arcuate plates mounted on movable plates, honeycomb honeycombs are fixed in a vertical position.

10. For installation of scarlet honeycombs in the scarifier in a stationary position in a horizontal position, the honeycombs are fixed with guides.

11. The vertical and horizontal guides are fixedly mounted on the frame of the scarifier.

To improve the process of drying and scarification of honeycomb honeycombs by violating the integrity of the wax walls of the cells and the formation of a gap between the walls of the wax cells and granules of bee bread, the scarifier is designed as a separate unit, which is installed in the casing of the drying plant for honeycombs. Drying honeycombs occurs simultaneously with the scarification of honeycombs.

For this, the honeycomb scarifier is made in the form of a frame with tensioning screws on which movable plates are fixed. Movable plates can be made of multilayer plywood. Therefore, the movable plates are equipped with aluminum sheets.

To influence the honeycomb honeycombs in order to violate the integrity of the wax walls of the cells and the gap between the walls of the wax cells and granules of the bee bread on movable plates equipped with aluminum sheets, arcuate aluminum plates are fixed on both sides.

When exposed to arched aluminum plates in horizontal positions on the honeycomb honeycombs, scarification of honeycomb honeycombs is possible.

To violate the integrity of the walls of the wax cells in the scarifier between arched aluminum plates mounted on movable plates, honeycombs are mounted motionless in an upright position.

Pergh honeycombs in a fixed position are fixed by guides. In this case, impact on arched honeycombs of arched plates fixed on movable plates is possible.

Identified signs of a technical solution of the proposed method for scarification of honeycomb honeycombs allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

The method of scarification and a device for its implementation is illustrated by drawing material.

In FIG. 1 shows a scarifier of honeycombs, side view; in FIG. 2 - scarifier of honeycombs, top view; in FIG. 3 is a section A-A-in FIG. one; in FIG. 4 - position of movable plates with arched plates during scarification of honeycomb honeycombs on one side; in FIG. 5 - position of movable plates with arched plates during scarification of honeycombs on the other hand; in FIG. 6 shows a device for scarification of honeycomb honeycombs installed in the installation for drying honeycomb honeycombs.

The device for scarification of honeycombs consists of a frame 1, which is equipped with four tension screws 2. The tension screws 2 are fixed to the frame 1 with nuts 3. On the tension screws 2 are fixed movable plates 4. The movable plates 4 are fixed on the tension screws 2 with nuts 5. Mobile plates 4 made of multilayer plywood and equipped with aluminum sheets 6. On movable plates 4, the surfaces of which are equipped with aluminum sheets 6, arcuate plates 7 are fixed on both sides (Fig. 2).

On the frame 1 between the arcuate plates 7, mounted on the movable plates 4, are installed in a vertical position pergovye honeycomb 8, intended for scarification and drying of the granules of the beers to a moisture content of 13-14%. Pergovy cells 8 in the scarifier should be installed in a stationary vertical position. To install the honeycomb honeycombs in a stationary vertical position, the honeycomb honeycombs are fixed with guides 9 and 10, fixed to the frame 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3).

The process of scarification and drying of honeycomb honeycombs is carried out in one unit.

The inventive scarifier is installed on a device for drying honeycombs. (Application No. 20118110703, IPC F26B 9/06. Device for drying honeycombs, claimed. 03/26/2018), (Fig. 6).

A device for drying honeycomb honeycombs consists of a drying channel 11 and a heating part made in the form of a heat-insulating box 12, one of the sides of which is made in the form of a door 13. A perforated base 14 is fixed to the heat-insulating box 12.

The drying channel 11 is formed of a housing 15 and a removable casing 16. The housing 15 is mounted on a perforated base 14, and the perforated base on a heat-insulating box 12. In the heat-insulating box 12, a grate 16 is mounted on which a container 17 with water, such as a flask, is mounted. The tank 17 is provided with a lid 18. The water tank 17 is equipped with an electric heating element 19 and a control device 20 for water temperature. The container 17 is equipped with a steam outlet 21. A gas stove 22 is installed under the grate 16. A door 23 is installed below the grate 16 on the side of the heat-insulating box 12. A removable casing 16 with an exhaust pipe 24 is installed over the casing 15. The exhaust pipe 24 is equipped with a valve 25.

The inventive scarifier of honeycombs works as follows.

Remove the removable casing 16 with the exhaust pipe 24 and the housing 15. On the perforated base 14, which is mounted on the heat-insulating box 12, the claimed scarifier of honeycombs is installed (Fig. 6).

In the scarifier between the arcuate plates 7 are installed along the guides 9 and 10 of the upright position pergovye honeycombs 8. Pergovye honeycombs 8 should be fixed. On the honeycomb honeycombs will be affected by arched plates 7, mounted on the movable plates 4 and violate the integrity of the wax cells with the formation of a gap between the granules of the bee bread and the wax walls of the cells.

To act on the honeycomb 8 of the arcuate plates 7 within the same range, the movable plates 4 are displaced on the tensioning screws 2 until the arcuate plates 7 touch the surface of the honeycomb 8 and are fixed with nuts 5 on the tensioning screws 2. (Fig. 3).

The movable plates 4 are displaced in the horizontal direction by the tensioning screws 2 and the arched plates 7 act on the honeycomb honeycombs 8, which are bent along an arc of a circle. Pergovye honeycombs, bent along an arc of a circle, are deformed with the formation of cracks in the lids, which are closed pellets of the bee bread and the formation of annular gaps between the wax walls of the cells and beads of the bee bread (Fig. 4).

On the heat-insulating box 12 of the device for drying honeycombs with the installed inventive scarifier, in which the honeycombs are bent along an arc of a circle (Fig. 4), a housing 15, a removable casing 16, an exhaust pipe 24 (Fig. 6) are installed and the honeycombs are dried to moisture pellets of bee bread 13-14%.

Water is poured into the container 17 and closed tightly with a lid 18. The container 17 is installed in the heat-insulating box 12 on the grate 16. For this, the heat-insulating box 12 is made with a door 13. If there is an electric supply to the apiary, an electric heating element 19 is connected, which heats the water in the tank 17. The control device 20 determines and controls the temperature of the water. In order that the formed steam does not get into the housing 15 and the drying channel 11, the upper end of the steam exhaust pipe 21 installed in the tank 17 is moved outside the thermal insulation box 12.

By creating a gap and cracks in the wax walls of the cells of the honeycomb cells 8, as well as annular gaps between the wax walls of the cells of the honeycombs and the surfaces of the granules of the perga, warm air enters between the granules of the pergi and the wax walls of the cells, due to which the granules of the perga are dried without breaking their integrity . Purga granules are not destroyed, and the drying process of the purga is faster.

For drying and scarification of honeycomb honeycombs on flowering honeybees in other areas where the beekeeper is not accessible, a gas stove 22 is installed under the grate 16. A gas pipeline with a gas cylinder is connected to the gas stove 22 (the gas pipeline and gas cylinder are not shown on the drawing material). The water in the tank 17 is heated by a gas stove 22.

This heats the air in the heat-insulating box 13. Warm air through convection (warm air circulation) moves through the perforated base 14 into the housing 15, in which there is a scarifier with pergovymi honeycombs 8. Heated air, washes the pergola honeycombs located in the scarifier 8. Perga in the honeycomb is heated and the moisture in it evaporates. Heated air removes the evaporated moisture from the scarifier to the removable casing 16, and then the exhaust pipe 24. The valve 25 on the exhaust pipe 24 and the door 23 control the temperature in the housing 15, in which the claimed honeycomb scarifier is installed on the perforated base 14.

Installed the inventive scarifier on a perforated base 14 in the housing 15 improves the process of drying the bee bread. Violation of the integrity of the wax cells, walls and lids of the wax cells, as well as the formation of a gap between the bead granules and the wax walls of the honeycomb cells, as well as bringing the bead granules to a moisture content of 13-14% is carried out during drying of the honeycomb.

To improve the process of scarification of honeycomb honeycombs by violating the integrity of the wax walls of the cells and the formation of a gap between the granules of the beeswax and the walls of the wax cells is carried out by the action of the arched plates 7 in horizontal directions on vertically mounted stationary honeycombs 8. By adjusting the position of the arched plates 7 that act on the honeycomb honeycomb 8, a possibly controlled change in the integrity of the wax walls of the cells and the gap between the wall and wax cells and pollen grains.

After bringing the moisture of the beads to 13-14%, the tension plates 2 move the movable plates 4 in a different horizontal direction and the arched plates 7 act on the honeycomb honeycombs 8. The honeycomb honeycombs are bent along an arc of a circle. Curved pergovye honeycombs 8 bent along an arc of a circle are deformed with the formation of cracks in the lids, which closed the granules of the pergi and the formation of annular gaps between the wax walls of the cells and granules of the perga (Fig. 5). And drying is carried out on the other side of the honeycomb.

Drying of scarified bead pellets is carried out at an ambient temperature of 40 ... 42, ° and the humidity of the bean pellets is adjusted to 13 ... 14%.

Due to the formation of cracks and ruptures of the wax walls of the cells, as well as the formed gap between the wax walls of the cells and granules of the bee bread, the drying process of the bean granules is accelerated. When starch pellet granules are stored with a moisture content of 13 ... 14%, no loss of beneficial and biologically active substances occurs and vitamins are preserved in the pellet granules.

The inventive method of scarification and a device for its implementation can improve the process of violating the integrity of the wax walls of the cells with the formation of a gap between the beads of the bee bread and the wax walls of the cells, and the installation of the inventive scarifier in the known dryer of honeycomb honeycombs can significantly improve the drying process of honeycomb honeycombs, reduce the time for drying the granules beetles and carry out drying bean bees, both in the apiary and in other areas on flowering massifs of honey plants.

By the action of arched plates on the honeycomb honeycombs installed in a vertical stationary position, the scarification of honeycombs is qualitatively improved.

Scarification of honeycomb honeycombs directly during drying reduces the drying time and reduces the energy costs of it.

Claims (2)

1. A method for scarification of honeycomb honeycombs, including drying honey on honeycomb honeycombs to remove the stickiness of the honey, characterized in that the integrity of the wax cells and the gap between the granules of the honey and the walls of the wax cells is carried out by applying arcuate plates in horizontal directions to the motionless installed in the scarifier in a vertical position, honeycombs during drying of honeycombs by installing a scarifier in the housing of the apparatus for drying honeycombs. 2. A device for scarification of honeycomb honeycombs, comprising a frame, honeycomb honeycombs mounted motionless in an upright position, characterized in that the scarifier frame is equipped with tension screws that are fixed with nuts, movable plates made of plywood, the surfaces of which are fixed and fixed with nuts, equipped with aluminum sheets, on both surfaces of which are fixed arcuate plates made of sheet aluminum, and the honeycomb honeycombs installed in a vertical position cannot between the arched plates, fixed with guides that are fixed on the frame, the scarifier is installed in the housing of the honeycomb dryer on a perforated base.

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