RU2692906C1 - Potato cultivating method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to potato growing. Method involves preparation of soil, planting on a flat surface to depth of 6–10 cm and subsequent harvesting of potato tubers. In spring, continuous milling is carried out with milling cultivator with vertical working elements without removal of lower layers of soil on surface. Potatoes are planted according to scheme of 40+100 cm. Full-profile one-time hilling with formation of trapezoidal ridge with height of 28–30 cm and width on top of 80 cm and on base of 100 cm is carried out. Side slopes are formed by means of soil compression between fenders of flat chip discard and vertical standing parallel shields, attached to the plow installed on the ridge dammer frame, with the shield distance of 70 cm.

EFFECT: method ensures high quality of tubers.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the production of potatoes.

The method of potato cultivation includes soil preparation, planting potato tubers on a flat surface according to the 40 + 100 cm scheme, to a depth of 6-10 cm, full-profile one-time hilling with the formation of a trapezoid ridge 28-30 cm high and 80 cm wide at the top and 100 cm across the base and also the subsequent cleaning of potato tubers from a depth not lower than the depth of milling of the arable layer.

New is the formation of dense side slopes by compressing the soil between the flaps of the planer blade and vertically standing parallel shields with a distance of 70 cm between them.

When using this method, the development zone of the tuberous nest is artificially increased, the percentage of greened tubers is sharply reduced, and the energy and labor costs per unit of the product produced are reduced. Ill.2.

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the production of one of the main cultivated crops, potatoes.

There is a method of potato cultivation, which consists in planting tubers on a flat surface and subsequent repeated hilling of plants in the process of their growth [1].

There is a method of cultivation of potatoes, which is carried out preplant tillage, cutting ridges (ridges), planting tubers with rows of 70 or 75 cm and one-time full-profile hilling with subsequent harvesting [2].

There is a method of potato cultivation, in which in the process of the formation of the ridge, the tuber is planted at its base [3].

The common disadvantage of the known methods of potato cultivation include: an insufficient amount of soil (with narrow rows) for high-quality hilling of plantings; artificial reduction of the development zone of the tuberous nest; high percentage of green tubers; reduced yields relative to the potential of the variety; increase energy and labor costs.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the method of potato cultivation, including soil preparation, planting on a flat surface at a depth of 6-10 cm according to the 40 + 100 cm scheme, full-profile one-time hilling with the formation of a trapezoid ridge height of 28-30 cm and a width of 80 cm and a width of 100 cm at the base, a dense side slope is formed by compressing the soil by the wing liner of the rower to the vertical shield attached to the personal ridge mounted on the frame of the rower, the distance between the boards is t 70 cm

The liner forming the horizontal bottom of the furrow cuts the cut soil and presses it into the side slope of the ridge to be formed. In this case, the shearing procedure is restrained by a vertical shield, until the sheared soil array is completely stopped.

The formed side slope prevents the formed tubers from penetrating through it; the sun rays do not penetrate the tubers, i.e. their landscaping.

Thus, the claimed invention meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty."

The claimed invention meets the criterion of "inventive step", as it is not obvious to a specialist and provides high quality tubers, there is no corned beef on the table

This process operation reduces the labor costs of re-harvesting the harvested crop.

The invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability", as it can be used in agricultural production, namely in machine technology of potato cultivation without any equipment with additional means and modernized agricultural machines and implements.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic section of the soil after planting potatoes; in fig. 2 - diagram of the ridge after the passage of guns.

The method of potato cultivation includes the following technological operations:

Dump plowing plow with milling skimmer 1, continuous milling without mixing soil layers 2, planting potato tubers on a flat surface 3, full-profile hilling plantings loose soil layer with the formation of ridge 4, with the formation of a dense slope of the ridge 5 [4].

The technology of potato cultivation by the proposed method is as follows.

In the spring in agrotechnical terms pre-planting tillage is carried out. It includes a continuous milling of the non-milled layer of the arable layer by a milling cultivator with vertical working bodies without carrying the lower layers of soil to the surface. Such tillage provides a finely-woven structure of the surface layer with a particle size of up to 25 mm about 90.0% and eliminates the presence of lumps of more than 50 mm.

After milling, on the same day or on the next, potatoes are planted according to the 40 + 100 cm scheme to a depth of 6-8 cm on loamy and 8-10 cm on sandy soils on mechanical composition.

Full-profile ridges 4 formed before the emergence of shoots or the initial period of their appearance, provide additional tuberization due to the formation of the maximum number of stolons.

One-time care - hilling potatoes - is provided with the formation of a dense 5 side slope, precluding the penetration of the formed tubers into sunlight in order to avoid planting the latter. The slope is formed by the fender liner 6 and the vertical shield 7 enclosing the tuberous nests.

For harvesting potatoes, combine harvesters are used due to good separation. Soil impurities in the resulting products are reduced.

The proposed method for the cultivation of potatoes has undergone extensive production testing in the jurisdiction of the OPH Institute of Vegetable.

The application of the proposed method of cultivation of potatoes can be widely used in agriculture as when using modernized and new agricultural machines.

Information sources.

1. Reference Potato. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat. 1987

2. Methodical recommendations for the development of machine technology for the cultivation and harvesting of potatoes. - M: Inforgrotech, 1999

3. Auth. St. USSR 1658867, CL АS 9/00, 1991

4. Pat. Of the Russian Federation No. 2229779, C2, 7 А01В 79/00, 10.06.2004. Method of diy ridges and a device for its implementation.

Claims (1)

The method of potato cultivation, including soil preparation, planting on a flat surface at a depth of 6-10 cm and subsequent harvesting of potato tubers, characterized in that in the spring they carry out a continuous milling with a milling cultivator with vertical working parts without removing the lower layers of soil to the surface, planting potatoes on 40 + 100 cm, carry out full-profile one-time hilling with the formation of a trapezoidal ridge with a height of 28-30 cm and a width of 80 cm at the top and 100 cm at the base, and the side slopes are formed by compressing the soil between the flap of the land splitter and vertical standing parallel shields attached to the ridge mounted on the frame of the land splitter with a distance of 70 cm between the shields.

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