RU2537554C1 - Method of forming of furrow slices and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to vegetable farming. The method is implemented by means of laying of milled soil for the formed furrows to the surface of unprocessed soil. For long-term provision of cultivated crop with accessible (capillary) water entering the soil mass with capillary porosity, formed within a long period after qualitative autumn treatment the dried surface layer of this mass id destructed and removed. Meanwhile newly formed surface layer additionally compacted, that prevents to excessive loss of capillary water. The soil with non-capillary porosity hard-worked on the usual mass making side slopes and sowing layer, forming the hole soil mass as a furrow slice. The device includes the power shaft, fixed on the frame, with interspaces between milling drums with covers, shaping furrow slices. Meanwhile it is equipped with chains fixed on the driving shaft in interspaces between the milling drums.

EFFECT: group of inventions allows to prevent an excessive loss of capillary water and for a long time to provide the cultivated crops with accessible water.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the formation of ridges during the cultivation of vegetable crops.

A known method of processing loamy soils [1]. The known method relates to the processing of heavy loamy soils, for example, under potatoes, includes crushing soil lumps to the entire depth of the arable horizon and the formation of ridges from it. However, at the same time, the prevailing soil mass with the established capillary duty cycle is disrupted, but the transpiration of soil moisture from the lower soil layers to the seed layer is also deteriorating.

In order to increase the yield of cultivated crops by improving the development of the root system of plants during processing of loamy soils, in the known method, a fraction of less than 25 mm is extracted from the arable horizon, as if creating an array with capillary duty cycle, and put it in the lower layer of the horizon, and the rest a large fraction of the soil is crushed to a size of 25-30 mm, a soil layer with non-capillary duty cycle is formed and it is laid on a previously laid layer of shallow soil. Further, when ridges are formed, shallow soil from the lower layer of the arable horizon is located at their base for the purpose of moisture transpiration, and the upper part of the ridges is formed from soil with non-capillary duty cycle to reduce moisture loss from the upper arable horizon. A known method of processing loamy soils with the simultaneous formation of ridges is intended for planting large seeds, in particular potatoes, and is unacceptable for sowing small seeds of vegetable crops. Since when sowing ridges between the soil lumps and seeds in the loose soil layer, full contact is not ensured, since the soil does not have time to settle. In addition, the seeds lose accessible capillary moisture, the soil mass itself is dried up and subjected to wind and water erosion during precipitation. As a result, the seeds die or sprout of different ages, which leads to a loss of productivity.

Known cultivator-comb for forming presowing tillage for planting potatoes and other vegetable crops [2]. In the known cultivator, a method and device for cultivating the soil with simultaneous crafts of ridges are implemented. The essence of the method is that the soil lumps are crushed with knives of a milling drum over the entire working width of the aggregate, then grooves are cut by ridges with the formation of ridges by lifting, wrapping, laying the trimmed soil layers on the base of the ridges and forming with the compaction of the ridges formed by a profiling roller.

However, with such a soil tillage, the capillary duty cycle of the soil massif formed during the period from autumn to spring tillage is violated. The deterioration of the transpiration of soil moisture from the lower layers of the soil to the sowing layer means the emergence of seedlings of different ages, and, as a result, a shortage of yield.

A known method of forming ridges during presowing treatment of loamy soils and a device for its implementation [3], adopted by us as a prototype. In the known method was pursued: the development of optimal parameters of the method of forming ridges, soil structure in the zone of sowing seeds and a device for its implementation. The crushing of soil lumps by milling cutters in the seeding zone should be carried out to a size of 3 mm with a soil density in the range of 1.15-1.25 g / cm ³ . The formation of ridges with the indicated parameters and the concave curvature of the compacted surfaces in the form of ellipses is aimed at improving the moisture, air and thermal conditions of the soil and eliminating wind and water erosion of the soil.

However, a significant drawback of the known method and device for its implementation is the layout of the soil array with capillary duty cycle inside the soil array with non-capillary duty cycle. Therefore, the degree of saturation of the soil layer with available moisture largely depends on the thickness of the array with non-capillary duty cycle, lying under the array with capillary duty cycle, and on the amount of moisture in the underlying soil layers, the movement of capillary water is much slower, which causes plants to suffer from lack of moisture, and when a large thickness of the soil with non-capillary duty cycle, the plants suffer even with the available supply of available water located in the underlying soil layers.

The technical task of the present invention was to develop a method that provides sowing culture with accessible (capillary) water coming from an array of soil with capillary duty cycle, and the compaction of the surface layer of this array inhibits the excessive exit of capillary water and the development of a device for its implementation.

Regarding the method, this is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype, an array of soil with a capillary duty cycle is not created again, but stored in the soil layer as it was formed during autumn tillage and improved due to atmospheric precipitation and natural shrinkage over such a long period. In addition, the dried surface layer is removed from the array with capillary moisture, and the newly formed surface is densified, which inhibits the excessive flow of capillary water. A layer consisting of milled soil, forming a seed layer, is showered on a newly formed surface. The same soil is laid on the lateral surface, giving the formed ridge the final shape. However, this milled soil is a soil massif with non-capillary duty cycle and retains available moisture in the amount demanded by the cultivated crop.

Regarding the device for implementing the method, this is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype, it is equipped with working bodies in the form of chains placed between the milling drums on the same shaft.

Chain links located in mutually perpendicular planes not only break up large soil lumps, but also clear the dried-up soil layer from the massif, while the cleaned surface, being subjected to the impact of the chain links, is compacted.

Supply of the device with chains between the milling drums makes it possible to provide the necessary density of the surface layer of the soil massif with capillary duty cycle by selecting the mass of chains and the size of the links of which it consists. In addition, by changing the number of links in the chain, you can also change the degree of impact of the chain on the formed surface of the array.

The patented invention meets the requirement of unity, since the "Method of forming ridges and a device for its implementation" is aimed at solving the same problem - the long-term provision of cultivated crops with sufficient moisture in sufficient quantity and can only be used together.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information, and the identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed method and device for its implementation, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find analogues for both the method and the device, characterized by signs, all the essential features of the claimed method and device.

Thus, the patented invention meets the criterion of "Novelty."

To verify the compliance of each patented object with the criterion of "Inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions to patent and scientific and technical sources of information. The search results showed that the method and device for its implementation of the patented invention on the set of distinctive features does not fall under the well-known technical solutions and does not follow for specialists explicitly from the prior art.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of the ridge and figure 2 device, a view in plan.

The method of forming ridges (Fig. 1) includes forming furrows by milling the soil and pouring it onto uncultivated soil, which is the central massif (item 1) of the formed ridge, while the dried soil layer from the uncultivated massif is discarded by chains and mixed with milled soil and from milled soil the seed layer (pos. 3) and side slopes (pos. 2) are formed, which give the soil array the final ridge shape.

A distinctive feature of the method is that the seed layer does not exceed 5-6 cm, and the undersized layer is 0.5-1.0 cm.

A device for implementing the method (Fig. 2) comprises a drive shaft (pos. 4) mounted on the frame (pos. 4) with milling drums (pos. 6) and chains (pos. 7) attached to the drive shaft in the spaces between the milling drums , a casing (pos. 8) of milling drums, which acts as a comb-forming working body, which seals the side walls of the ridges (pos. 9).

When the unit moves, the knives of the milling drums and chains attached to the drive shaft act simultaneously on the soil. Chains, acting on the dried surface layer of the non-milling massif of the soil, destroy it and immediately drop it from the massif and then it mixes with milled soil.

Part of the milled soil, falling on the surface of the non-milling array, forms a seed layer, and the other part, the bulk of this soil, goes to the formation of lateral slopes of the formed ridge.

The absence of sharp edges on the chain links not only contributes to the crumbling of lumps of soil, but also compacts the newly formed surface layer of the non-milling mass of soil.

Since the chains are easily replaceable, they can be of any size and various weights.

Such technology and constructive implementation of the device allow you to create ridges from soil massifs with capillary duty cycle, providing optimal conditions for sowing, growth and development of plants.

Information sources

1. A.S. USSR No. 1521321, A01B 79/00, 79/02, 1987

2. A.S. USSR No. 1817664, A01B 13/02, 1993

3. RF patent 2284093, A01B 79/00, 13/02, 49/02, 2006

Claims (2)

1. The method of forming ridges during pre-sowing tillage is carried out by laying milled soil of formed furrows on the surface of uncultivated soil, characterized in that for the long-term supply of cultivated crops with accessible - capillary water coming from the soil mass with capillary duty cycle that has developed over a long period after high-quality autumn processing, the dried surface layer of this array is destroyed and removed, while the newly formed surface layer is denser etsya it inhibits excessive output capillary water, soil with a duty cycle noncapillary Nagartav formed on an array of side slopes and seed layer, giving the entire soil massif ridge shape. 2. A device for forming ridges, including a drive shaft fixed to the frame with gaps between the milling drums with casings forming the ridges, characterized in that it is provided with chains mounted on the drive shaft in the spaces between the milling drums.

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