RU2350061C1 - Potatoes growing technique - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: proposed potatoes growing technique primarily envisages soil tillage and levelling. After that black mould humus is applied onto the ground surface in strips at a 45 cm spacing. Then the black mould humus strips are buried under layers of bulk soil to form 18-20 cm high ridges. The potato bulbs are planted into the ridges at a depth of 6-8 cm and at a 45 cm spacing. The planting over, the spacings are filled with fresh-cut grass mass (sequentially compacted) to the ridge height level. Then the ridge and spacing surfaces are mulched with fresh-cut grass mass, the layer thickness being 8-10 cm. On emergence of seedlings the surface is additionally mulched with fresh-cut grass mass, the layer thickness being 8-10 cm.

EFFECT: proposed technique enables reduction of the potatoes growing process labour intensity and provides for maintenance of water and air regime conditions optimum for development of potato plants growing on heavy soils.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and in particular to methods of growing potatoes.

A known method of growing potatoes, in which at the same time as planting in the places of row formation, deep strip loosening and row-spacing processing with a rod fixture are carried out with the formation of loose trapezoidal gaps in which potato tubers are planted. The surface of the field is leveled, after which continuous pre-emergence separation of filamentous seedlings of weeds is performed, with a decrease in the depth of each subsequent separation. After the emergence of full shoots, deep row-spacings are loosened and the furrows and ridges are formed, while the potato seedlings are sprinkled with an additional layer of soil. The ridges are separated at half their height, and the aisles are loosened and covered with soil (RU No. 2226327, АВВ 79/02, 2004 - prototype).

Its disadvantage is the large number of operations in the growing process, high complexity and low efficiency on heavy soils.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the technology, reduce the complexity and create optimal conditions for the growth of potato plants in water and air regimes on heavy soils.

The task is achieved due to the fact that the soil is loosened, leveled, and humus is poured on the surface in rows at a distance of 45 cm between the rows. Then the humus is covered with a layer of soil, forming ridges 18-20 cm high. The tubers are planted in row ridges to a depth of 6-8 cm with a distance between tubers of 45 cm. After planting, freshly cut grass is poured into the rows between the rows to the height of the ridges, subsequently compacting it. Then the surface of the ridges and grass is mulched with freshly cut grass with a layer of 8-10 cm. At the time of emergence of potato shoots, mulching with freshly cut grass is repeated with a layer of 8-10 cm.

A specific embodiment of the invention.

They dug up the soil and leveled a rake. Humus was poured on the soil surface in rows so that between the center lines of the rows humus was 45 cm away. Humus was poured on the soil to form ridges 18-20 cm high. Potato tubers were planted at the top of the ridge to a depth of 6-8 cm from the top of the ridge. Variety Nevsky. The distance between the tubers in the row is 45 cm. Thus, the potato plants were arranged according to the scheme 45 × 45 cm. The distance between the rows was 45 cm, and the distance between the plants in the row was 45 cm. The density of the plants in the range of 49-50 thousand / ha. After planting, freshly cut grass was poured into the aisles and subsequently compacted. The surface of the compacted layer of grass was at the level of the height of the ridges. After that, a layer of mulch with a thickness of 8-10 cm was applied uniformly over the entire planting surface from freshly cut grass. When seedlings of potato plants began to appear on the surface of the mulch, another layer of mulch with a thickness of 8-10 cm from freshly cut grass was applied. During the first and second mulching, the composition of the grass included 75% of species from the family of cereals, 10% of legumes and 15% of herbs. The length of the stems and leaves is within 20-60 cm.

The compacted mass of freshly cut grass, as well as two layers of mulch, suppressed the growth of annual weeds. From perennials there were single specimens of sow thistle and wheat grass creeping, which were removed as they appeared.

By the time of harvesting the potato, the lower layer of grass was overtaken and partially mineralized, which means that nutrients were used to accumulate the potato crop. The soil retained moisture even in the surface layer (under the mulch). The harvest of tubers in terms of 1 ha was in the proposed version 19.7 t / ha. In the standard version, with cultivating row-spacing, double hilling and placing plants according to the 70 × 30 pattern (about the same plant standing density), the yield was 12.3 t / ha. Thus, the proposed method allowed to increase the yield of tubers by 7.4 t / ha or 60.2%.

The drawing shows the relative position of the elements of the complex from soil, mulch and potato plants at the time of the second mulching: 1 - initial soil level; 2 - soil surface after planting; 3 - a row of humus; 4 - tuber; 5 - a compacted layer of freshly cut grass; 6 - the first layer of mulch from freshly cut grass; 7 - potato sprout; 8 - the second layer of mulch from freshly cut grass; 9 - soil.

Claims (1)

A method of growing potatoes, including loosening the soil and leveling its surface, forming rows, planting tubers in rows, characterized in that humus is spread in rows on a loose and leveled surface at a distance of 45 cm between rows, humus is covered with a soil layer, forming ridges 18-20 high cm, tubers are planted in row ridges to a depth of 6-8 cm with a distance between tubers of 45 cm, after planting in row-spacings, freshly cut grass is poured and compacted to the height of the ridges, after which the surface of the ridges and grass are mulched eskoshennoy 8-10 cm layer of grass, and the appearance of shoots of potato plants is carried repeated mulching grass mown layer 8-10 cm.