RU2685986C1 - Correction method of posture disorders in children with visual disabilities - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine. Method of correcting posture disorder in children with disabilities in sight includes the imitation exercise ball gymnastics (IEBG) complex comprising six exercises. Performing the first exercise is started from the initial position – reclining, resting one side on the exercise ball, arms wrapped around it, the legs are bent in the hip, knee and ankle joints and crossed in the zone of ankle joints. Movement is performed, the trajectory of which is aimed at changing the posture from the initial position to the position of resting on the bent knees and exercise ball with subsequent transition to the final position – reclining resting with the other side on the exercise ball, arms wrapped around it, wherein legs are bent in hip, knee and ankle joints and are crossed in area of ankle joints. Performing the second exercise is started from the initial position – lying on the back, one leg with the toe rests against the exercise ball, the other one is bent in the knee against the foot, the exercise ball rests on the palm surfaces of both hands. Performing the exercise by rotating the exercise ball towards itself by means of alternating or simultaneous movements of hands and foot tips – the right hand-the right leg and the left hand-the left leg, until the transition to the final position – lying on the back, knees are bent, resting on the whole area of the feet, hands are attached at chest level and retain exercise ball. After that, return to initial position is performed. Performing the third exercise is started from the initial position – standing: the body is straight, looking forward, avoiding the inclination of the head downwards, the support is on one foot, the other leg is set aside to the toe, the exercise ball is located behind the back. Performing the exercise by alternating sideways and backwards first, and then the other leg, fixing the exercise ball with his hands behind his back, wherein the toe of the foot is bent in the direction of retraction of the foot. Leg in the position of diversion to the side and back is fixed at the height of the knee of the opposite leg, goes into the initial position, then repeated for the other leg. Performing the fourth exercise is started from the initial position – lying one side on the exercise ball, the arm of the same name is bent in the elbow and completely embracing the exercise ball, the leg of this side is crossed on the other and is under it, the stop is made on the inner edge of the leg that is on top, and on the outer edge that leg from below, wherein legs are shoulder width, other hand presses exercise ball, its elbow is pressed to ribs. Performing the exercise by turning the body, and when turning the leg, which is raised from above, to the level of the shoulder, its sock is directed towards itself, then through the position lying on the back on the exercise ball, the neck keeps the head from sagging back, legs are bent at the knees, rest on the whole surface of the feet , arms are diverted to sides at height of shoulders, palms upwards with leveling of shoulder-blades. Turn in lying position on other side on exercise ball is completed. At the end of the exercise, the position of the hands is opposite to the original one: one arm is bent at the elbow and completely embraced by the exercise ball, the other one resting on the exercise ball, and the legs are crossed opposite to their initial position: one leg on the top and the other one under the foot, shoulder-width apart. When returning to initial position, body and leg turns are repeated, including lying on back position on exercise ball with arms directed aside. Fifth exercise is performed from an initial position – standing, feet on width of shoulders, bent in knees, spring, knees are turned to one side, rest on whole surface of feet, hands at level of chest, arms embrace exercise ball, which rests against chest: body, knees and arms are turned in the same side with inclination of head, wherein the head is turned in the opposite direction and fixed during body movements. Exercises are started with turning the knees in the opposite side to the initial position; then, the body and hands are rotated with the exercise ball, wherein during movement the exercise ball is separated from the chest. Method includes making transition to final position – legs on width of shoulders, body, knees and hands are turned and head is inclined to the side opposite to initial position, and head is turned to side opposite to body, knees and hands, fixed in body movements, performing turn in reverse side with return to initial position. Sixth exercise is respiratory; at that, the exercise is started from the initial position – sitting on the exercise ball, the back is straight, the legs are bent in the knees at the shoulder width, resting on the whole foot area, the arms are bent in the elbow joint with formation of a right angle, the hands touch so that fingers of on

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to the field of physical therapy, namely, adaptive physical education for children with disabilities (HIA) by sight, and can also be used for the prevention and correction of posture for children of preschool and school age.

The level of technology

The prior art is a method of symmetrical corrective exercises (Lowiko, ID. Therapeutic physical training in children with defects of posture, scoliosis and flatfoot. - L .: 1982 - 20 p.).

However, the known method was compiled without taking into account the ophthalmological aspects of eye protection and is not recommended as a method of correcting postural disorders for children with limited vision (Fomicheva, L.V. Clinical and pedagogical bases of teaching and education of children with visual impairment: Ophthalmic and hygienic aspects of the protection and vision development: a teaching aid. - SPb: KARO, 2007. - 256 p.)

The prior art describes a method for correcting postural disorders and rehabilitating children with scoliosis by using games with a fitball (a large elastic ball in fitball exercises (Skinder, LA) Physical rehabilitation of children with posture disorders and scoliosis: a teaching aid. - Brest: BrSU, 2012. - 210 p., C-109.)

However, the known method does not allow to achieve correct posture and psycho-emotional effect of recovery in children with vision deprivation, as it contains exercises that include sharp and long torso down with a low head-down face, contraindicated in eye diseases: myopia, cataracts, aphakia, glaucoma , optic nerve atrophy, etc.

A method of increasing muscle tone is also known from the prior art by means of exercises for improving fitball aerobics using shock fitball vibration (Saikina, EG Fitball aerobics and classification of its exercises / E.G. Saikina // theory and practice. Physical culture - 2004. - № 7. - p. 43-46)

However, the known method includes exercises with elements of strong vibration and performed at a high pace, which is contraindicated in case of eye disease, and also leads to physical and psycho-emotional overstrain of children with disabilities; does not take into account all the properties of the fitball with bells as an aid to the development of safe analyzers.

The closest to the claimed is a way of outdoor games for children with visual impairment, aimed at correcting posture (Private methods of adaptive physical culture: a tutorial / edited by LV Shapkova. - M .: Soviet Sport, 2003. - 464 s, Ill. ISBN 5-85009-743-0). This method contains exercises in a playful way, imitating the behavior of various animals, and also offers exercises with a ball, correcting posture and vision in children with disabilities.

However, the known method does not take into account the importance of the psycho-emotional mood of visually impaired students before performing active movements, which is important when working with visually impaired children whose visual impairment of the visual analyzer is accompanied by psycho-emotional stress; games that imitate the movement of animals are not decorated in a complex of imitational gymnastics, are sporadic. In addition, a gymnastic ball is used to treat myopia, which reduces the effectiveness of posture correction.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The technical problem solved by the invention is the possibility of correcting postural disorders in children with disabilities on sight.

The technical result, the achievement of which the claimed invention is directed, is the correction of poor posture in children with disabilities on sight, while ensuring the safety of vision and possible positive dynamics of compensation of the visual defect. The claimed invention is also aimed at physical and psycho-emotional recovery of children with deprivation of vision, harmonious development and their adaptation in society.

The technical result is ensured by the implementation of the imitation fitball-gymnastics complex (IFG) “Relax and move like a cat”, which includes six exercises.

The first exercise, “Cat Resting,” imitating a resting cat, is a relaxation exercise, starting with the starting position - reclining with the right or left side of the fitball with a girth of his hands and touching the body, legs half bent at the hip, knee and ankle joints, and crossed in the area of the ankle joints; perform movement, the trajectory of which is aimed at changing the posture from the starting position to the position - emphasis on bent knees and fitball with transition to the final position - reclining left or right side on the ball with the ball grip and touching the body, legs half-bent in the hip, knee and ankle joints, and crossed in the area of the ankle joints.

The second exercise “Cat rolls a ball”, imitating the movement of a cat rolling a ball, while starting the exercise from an initial position - on the back; the right or left foot rests against the fitball with the sock, the left or right leg is bent at the knee, the fitball lies on the surface of both hands, perform the exercise by rotating the fitball towards itself through alternate or simultaneous movements of the palms of the hands and socks of the feet - the right hand right leg and left hand-left leg; before moving to the final position - lying on his back, knees bent, focusing on the entire area of the feet, hands slightly bent at chest level and holding the ball, and then returning to the starting position.

The third exercise, “The cat pulls out the paw”, imitating the movement of the cat pulling out the paw, while starting the exercise from the starting position - standing: body straight, looking forward, avoiding tilting the head down, focusing on the right or left foot, left or right foot side to toe, fitball located behind the back; perform the exercise by alternating abduction to the side and slightly back, first with the left or right, and then with the right or left leg, fixing the fitball with your hands behind your back; at the same time, the tip of the left or right foot is bent while moving towards the left or right leg to the left or right side; the left or right leg in the position of abduction in the left or right side and slightly back fixed at the level of the knee of the right or left leg; go to the position of emphasis on the left or right foot, the right or left leg is set aside on the toe, fitball in the girth hands behind his back; the sock of the right or left foot is bent when moving to the right or left side to the right or left side, the right or left foot in the position of abduction to the right or left side and slightly back fixed at the knee of the left or right leg, return to the starting position.

The fourth exercise “Cat wraps a ball”, imitating the movement of a cat wrapping around the ball, starts from the starting position - lying on the right side or right side of the fitball, the right or left arm is bent at the elbow and completely covers the faceball, the left or right hand presses the fitball with the palm , the left or right elbow is pressed to the ribs, the legs are crossed shoulder-width above the knees, the left or right leg is extended from above, the emphasis is on the inner edge of the left or right foot, the right or left leg is under the left or right, the emphasis is on the outside edge of the right or the left foot; do the exercise by turning the body counterclockwise to lying on the right or left side on the fitball, the right or left arm is bent at the elbow and completely covers the fitball, the left or right hand rests on the fitball with the palm, the left or right leg is retracted and raised to the level of the left or the right shoulder, the toe of the left or right leg is pointing towards you, the right or left leg is slightly bent at the knee in the support at the outer edge of the foot; then turn the body counterclockwise to the position - lying back on the fitball, neck keeps the head from bending back, legs bent at the knees, emphasis on the entire area of the feet, hands extended to the sides at shoulder level, palms up, provide alignment of the shoulder girdle; then, turning it counterclockwise, they turn to the position - lying on the left or right side on the fitball, the left or right hand is bent at the elbow, completely wraps the fitball, the right or left hand rests on the ball with the palm, the right or left foot is retracted and raised to the level of the right either the left shoulder, the toe of the right or left foot is directed towards you; the left or right foot is slightly bent at the knee with the emphasis on the outer edge of the foot; then rotate counterclockwise with the right or left foot and the right or left hand in position: lying on the left or right side on the fitball, the left or right hand is bent at the elbow, completely wraps the fitball, the right or left hand presses the ball, right or left elbow pressed to the ribs, legs crossed shoulder-width above the knees, the right or left leg is set on top, the emphasis is on the inner edge of the right or left foot, the left or right leg is under the right or left foot, the emphasis is on the outer edge of the left or right foot; then the exercise is repeated with a clockwise rotation in the supine position on the left or right side with the abduction of the right or left leg; then rotate clockwise to supine position; after which - a turn to the right or left side with the lead of the left or right leg turning to the starting position with the establishment of the left or right leg.

The fifth exercise “Cat looks to the side”, imitating a cat looking to the side, is performed from the starting position - standing, feet shoulder-width apart, slightly springy, knees turned left or right, feet slightly bent at the knees, emphasis on the entire surface of the feet, hands at chest level, palms wrap fitball that rests on the chest: the body, knees and hands are turned left or right, with the head turned to the right or left and slightly tilted to the left or right, fixed when the body moves; start the exercise with turning left to right or right to left of your knees, then turning the body and hands with the fitball from left to right or right to left; when moving, the fitball comes off the chest, the body is straight, the legs are shoulder-width apart, the knees spring, the support is placed on the entire foot surface, the transition to the final position is performed - the legs are shoulder-width apart, the body, knees and arms are turned to the right or left while the head is turned to the left or right and slightly tilted to the right or left, fixed when the body moves, the movement starts with turning from right to left or left to right of the knees, then turning the body and hands with the fitball from right to left (from left to right), when moving the fitball comes off the chest, then return to the original position.

The sixth “Cat Listens” exercise, imitating a listening cat, is respiratory, and the exercise starts from the starting position - sitting on a fitball, back straight, legs bent at the knees shoulder-width, emphasis on the entire foot area, arms bent at the elbow joint, with the formation of a right angle, the palms touch, the fingers of the left or right hand lie on the center of the right or left palm, the right or left hand is retracted to the level of the right or left shoulder, the fingers of the right or left hand lie on the center of the left or right palm, l right or left shoulder, perform an alternate movement with the palms of the hands, then put the palm of the right or left hand on the base of the neck, while the palm of the left or right hand covers the right or left hand, and both forearms fix the head, forming "Ears", then perform a return to the starting position ..

In one of the embodiments of IFG, exercises are performed with a sounded fitball, while sounding is performed using inside and freely moving bells that, when rolled, sound is used as an additional guide for children with residual vision, and the choice of fitball depends on the degree of damage to the visual analyzer .

In a preferred embodiment of the IFG, the first exercise, “The Cat is Resting,” is performed once at a slow pace for at least one minute; the second exercise “Cat rolls a ball” is performed at a different pace at least 5 times, taking into account 10-fold repetitions of alternating movements with each arm and leg, or 20 simultaneous movements with both arms and legs for one minute; the third exercise “A cat pulls out a foot” is performed once, taking into account alternate leg abduction, 1-5 times at a slow pace for at least 1 minute; the fourth exercise “A cat wraps a ball” is performed with a turn first counter-clockwise, then with a clockwise turn at an average pace from 1 to 5 times for at least 1 minute; receiving and transmitting the fitball in the fifth exercise “The Cat Looks Away” is carried out 5 times from left to right, then similar movements are carried out to ensure reception and transfer of the fitball from 5 times from right to left, while the exercise is performed at an average pace for at least one minute; the alternate movement of the palms of the hands in the sixth exercise “Cat Listens” is carried out for 30 seconds, the fixed position of the head is held for at least 1 minute! Preferably, the complex should be performed daily 1-2 times for seven to eight minutes (in the morning, in the evening, while the duration of the complex is composed taking into account the total interval of rest - 1 minute or approximately 10 seconds between exercises and at the end of the sixth exercise, it is recommended to perform the complex during the year, in the absence of dynamics, it continues with an interval of 3-6 months until positive results on posture correction appear.

All exercises: "The cat is resting", "The cat rolls the ball", "The cat pulls the foot", "The cat embraces the ball", "The cat looks to the side", "The cat listens" - imitation and corrective posture, while the first exercise "The cat is resting "Is a relaxation, the sixth exercise" Cat listens "- breathing, aimed at restoring breathing. The fifth exercise, “The Cat Looks Away”, is carried out individually or in a group, while handing it off the fitball from the chest

Each imitation exercise of the complex and the sequence of the exercises are made taking into account the ophthalmologic recommendations of eye protection for children with disabilities, are aimed at developing correct posture and correcting it if they are impaired in children with disabilities in vision, developing intact analyzers, in the interaction which there is a positive physical and psycho-emotional health effect, contributing to the harmonious development of children with defects in the visual analyzer.

The invention contributes to the physical and emotional recovery of children, which are characterized by signs: poor posture, reduced muscle tone, problems with spatial orientation, social and emotional isolation due to deprivation of vision. The IFG complex provides correctional-compensatory development and improvement of the muscular-articular feeling, develops a muscular corset, which leads to an improvement in the functioning of the internal organs. It is proposed to use relaxation exercises at the beginning of a set of physical exercises, aimed at creating a special inner comfort, combining internal balance and thinking activity, which leads to a decrease in nervous tension in children with disabilities for eyesight. Relaxation exercise helps to reduce the increased tone of the eye muscles and muscles of the body, which leads to headaches and fatigue of visually impaired children, which improves visual acuity. The complex of corrective exercises is made taking into account the contraindications of movements for children with disabilities on vision: head tilts forward, body tilts forward, weight lifting, vibration are excluded. The method of performing the exercises involves the development of intact analyzers (residual vision, hearing, touch) by using the properties of the ball for fitness, including a fitball, voiced by the inside and freely moving bells that make a sound when rolling the ball, which serves as an additional guide for children with residual eyesight. All exercises of the complex provide the option of using the ball without sounding, as well as the option of using the ball voiced by the bells, and the choice of the ball depends on the degree of damage to the visual analyzer. Interaction with the ball with a palm grasp enhances the work of all sensory systems. At the same time, performing exercises at a different pace, mainly on average and slow, taking into account the healing effect of the low-frequency mechanical vibrations of the vibrations of the fitball, leads to an increase in the positive healing effect of the IFG complex. The exercise “The Cat Looks Away” is performed both individually and in a group and contributes to the increase in the communicative culture of children with disabilities on sight, while it includes an exercise for the development of eye muscles.

Thus, the proposed method for correcting posture disorders of IFG “Relax and move like a cat” involves the joint work of the motor, vestibular, and tactile sensory systems in individual and group classes, which contributes to the harmonious development and adaptation of children with disabilities for the eyesight in society.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The method for correcting disorders in children with disabilities is represented by 129 photographic images (figures) that are part of the "Relax and move like a cat" imitation gymnastics complex.

The first exercise "The Cat is resting" is represented by figures 1-18 (front view - Fig. 1 - Fig. 6; rear view - Fig. 7 - Fig. 12; side view - Fig. 13 - Fig. 18);

the second exercise “Cat rolls a tangle” - by figures 19-36 (front view - Fig. 19 - Fig. 24; rear view - Fig. 25 - Fig. 30; side view - Fig. 31 - Fig. 36);

the third exercise, “The cat pulls out the paw,” in figures 37 to 66 (front view — FIG. 37 — FIG. 48; rear view — FIG. 49 — FIG. 60; side view — FIG. 61 — FIG. 66);

the fourth exercise “A cat wraps a ball” - figures 67-102 (front view - Fig. 67 - Fig. 78; rear view - Fig. 79 - Fig. 90; Side view - Fig. 91 - Fig. 102); the fifth exercise "The cat is looking to the side" - figures 103-120 (front view - Fig. 103 - Fig. 108; rear view - Fig. 109 - Fig. 114; side view - Fig. 115 - Fig. 120;

the sixth exercise “Cat is listening” - by figures 121-129 (front view - Fig. 121 - Fig. 123; rear view - Fig. 124 - Fig. 126; Side view - Fig. 127 - Fig. 129).

The implementation of the invention

The method for correcting postural disorders in children with HVD visually contains a fitball-gymnastics complex (IFG) “Relax and move like a cat”, which promotes motor rehabilitation: the formation of correct posture, the development of muscle symmetry necessary to restore the interposition of body parts, development of coordination and stability balance, develop a stereotype of proper breathing during exercise. For the formation of correct posture, it is necessary to restore and develop the muscular system, the abdominals. For defects in posture associated with an increase or decrease in the angle of inclination of the pelvis, torsion of the spine using exercises to strengthen the muscles of the lower back, muscles of the anterior and posterior thighs. Exercises are designed to meet the requirements of adaptive physical education for children with disabilities for eyesight, which include a method of gradual complication of exercises, a method of dissipating the load, the principle of symmetry, aimed at eliminating the asymmetry of muscle tone due to the development of back muscles.

The exercise of the IFG is preferably performed 1-2 times a day for seven to eight minutes (in the morning, in the evening); however, the duration of the complex is made taking into account the total interval of rest - 1 minute or approximately 10 seconds between exercises and at the end of the sixth exercise. The complex is recommended to perform throughout the year. Performing a set of exercises in the case of positive dynamics to correct posture ends, in the absence of dynamics, it continues with a rest interval of 3-6 months until positive results on correcting posture appear.

The initial position of the exercises: reclining on the side of the ball (exercise. 1); lying on his back (Ex. 2), lying on his side on the ball (Ex. 4); allow you to relieve the spine from the vertical load and facilitate the conditions of its correction, taking into account the absence of adverse effects on the visual analyzer, which is important when working with children with disabilities.

Begin a set of exercises with the first relaxation exercise "Cat rests" (Fig. 1 - Fig. 18). The starting position includes the reclining right side of the ball with the arms around the ball and the body, while the muscles of the cervical spine, the shoulder girdle and upper limbs relax, then the muscles of the thoracic spine and trunk, then the lumbosacral muscles, including the pelvic muscles and lower limbs. The legs are half bent at the hip, knee and ankle joints, while the legs cross at the ankle joint, which leads to maximum muscle relaxation (Fig. 1, Fig. 7, Fig. 13). The trajectory of movement is aimed at changing the posture from the reclining position right side on the ball to the position of emphasis on the bent knees and the ball with the transition to the reclining position left side on the ball with the girth arms and body, legs half bent at the hip, knee and ankle joints, and crossed ankle postures correspond to the maximum unloading of the spine, with the head tilted down is contraindicated (Fig. 2 - Fig. 6; Fig. 8 - Fig. 12; Fig. 14 - Fig. 18). It is possible to perform this exercise from the starting position - reclining left side on the ball with a ball and arms grip, while the trajectory of movement is aimed at changing the posture from reclining position left side on the ball to reclining position right side on the ball. The exercise is aimed at achieving psychological comfort, combining internal balance and activity of thinking, and serves to relieve emotional tension in children with special needs for vision disabilities. The cycle of this exercise involves changing positions: reclining on the right side of the ball for approximately 20 seconds; move to the left for 20 seconds. and reclining right side on the ball for 20 seconds. Exercise is performed once, the pace is slow, preferably for at least 1 minute.

The second exercise "Cat rolls a tangle" (Fig. 19 - Fig. 36) is intended to strengthen the musculoskeletal system in children with disabilities on the eyes, includes the development of a muscular system: back muscles or mainly long muscles and abdominals; the muscles of the upper arm and upper limbs, the front and rear surfaces of the thigh, lower leg; development of movement coordination. Starting position: lying on the back, right toe rests against the fitball, the left one is bent at the knee in the support on the foot, the ball lies on the palms of both hands (Fig. 19, Fig. 25, Fig. 31). This allows you to remove the vertical load from the spine and eliminate the load on the visual analyzer, which is mandatory when exercising children with eye diseases. Movement trajectory: from the supine position, the right leg rests on the fitball (Fig. 19; Fig. 25; Fig. 31) begins the rotation of the fitball on itself using simultaneous or alternate movements of the palmar surfaces of the hands and socks of the feet, which makes it possible to avoid static stress, contraindicated in diseases of the eye, while developing muscle groups of the limbs and eliminating the defects of posture caused by changes in the angle of inclination of the pelvis. Matched simultaneous and alternating movements with a fitball: right arm - right leg and left arm - left leg contribute to the development of motor coordination in children with disabilities on visual impairment (Fig. 20 - Fig. 23; Fig. 26 - Fig. 29; Fig. 32 - Fig. 35). Next, lying on your back, knees bent, focusing on the entire area of the foot, hands slightly bent at chest level and hold the ball (Fig. 24, Fig. 30, Fig. 36). Next - return to the starting position. The variant of the initial position for this exercise: lying on your back, your left foot with your toe against a fitball, the ball lies on the palms of both hands. Rotation can be carried out using simultaneous movements of the palmar surfaces of the hands and socks of the feet. The exercise cycle includes the starting position; alternate or simultaneous movement of the palmar surfaces of the hands and socks of the feet, preferably 10 times in the “left arm - left leg” position and 10 times in the “right arm - right leg” position; or 20 times at the same time in the “arms and legs” position; return to the starting position. This exercise can be performed at a different pace depending on the mood and physical fitness involved, preferably, at least 5 times for at least 1 minute. Exercise creates a positive mood necessary for the successful implementation of a complex of gymnastics.

The third exercise “Cat pulling the foot” (Fig. 37 - Fig. 66) begins from the starting position - a standing position: the body is straight, look forward, avoid tilting the head down, the support on the right foot, the left leg is set aside on the toe, fitball behind his back (Fig. 37, Fig. 49, Fig. 61). The trajectory of movement: alternating lead to the side and slightly back first with the left and then the right leg, with the fitball in the girth with the hands behind the back. The socks of the left foot are bent while moving to the left side to the side of the left foot. The left leg in the position of abduction to the left side and slightly back is fixed at the level of the knee of the right leg, (Fig. 38 - Fig. 42; Fig. 50 - Fig. 54, Fig. 62 - Fig. 66). Next, the transition to the position: the emphasis on the left foot, the right leg is set aside on the toe, fitball behind his back (Fig. 43, Fig. 55). The socks of the right foot are bent while moving towards the right foot in the direction of the right foot. The right leg in the position of abduction to the right side and slightly back is fixed at the level of the knee of the left leg (Fig. 44 - Fig. 48; Fig. 56 - Fig. 60). Exercise contributes to the correction of posture by developing and strengthening the muscles of the lumbar region, the development of motor coordination, eliminates the asymmetry caused by a change in the pelvis arch. The symmetry and sequence of movements ensures the development of the muscles of the lumbar, lateral and oblique muscles of the abdomen, the iliopsoas muscle, and serves to eliminate the effect of the pterygoid scapula by stretching the pectoral muscle. The exercise cycle includes: starting position; alternate abduction preferably 1-5 times in each direction and slightly back first of the left leg and fixing it at the knee of the right leg, then abduction preferably 1-5 times in each direction and slightly back of the right leg and fixing it at the knee of the left leg; return to the starting position. Variant of the initial position: the body is straight, look forward, avoid tilting the head down, the emphasis is on the left foot, the right leg is set aside on the toe, the fitball behind the back. This exercise is performed once at a slow pace with the control of breathing for at least 1 minute.

The fourth exercise, "The cat embraces the tangle" (Fig. 67 - Fig. 102). Active asymmetrical detorsion exercise is aimed at reducing the torsion and arc of the spinal curvature in the thoracic and lumbar spine due to the body turns, pelvis, lower limb abduction, turns and limb setting in the direction opposite to the reversal of the vertebrae, also develops balance and coordination of movement that are not sufficiently developed in visually impaired ; this eliminates the load on the visual analyzer. Starting position: lying on the right side on the fitball, the right hand is bent at the elbow, completely wraps the fitball, the left hand presses the ball with the palm, the left elbow is pressed to the ribs, the legs are crossed shoulder-width apart, the emphasis is on the inner edge of the left foot , right leg under the left, emphasis on the outer edge of the right foot, this position of the body helps to strengthen the muscles of the thoracic and lumbar spine, the muscles of the extremities, the alignment of the position of the pelvis (Fig. 67, Fig. 79, Fig. 91). The trajectory of movement: turning counterclockwise to lying on the right side of the fitball, the right arm is bent at the elbow completely wraps the fitball, the left hand rests on the ball, the left leg is retracted and raised to the level of the left shoulder, the toe of the left leg to itself, the right leg slightly bent at the knee in the support on the outer edge of the foot (Fig. 68, Fig. 80, Fig. 92); correction of the curvature arc in the lumbar region and alignment of the pelvis, development of the lateral and oblique abdominal muscles, strengthening the muscles of the lower extremities. Then, turning counterclockwise to the back lying position on the fitball, the neck keeps the head from bending backwards, legs are bent at the knees, emphasis is placed on the entire area of the feet, hands are retracted to the sides at shoulder level, palms up (Fig. 69, Fig. 81, Fig 93), alignment of the position of the shoulder glands; correction of the curvature arc in the thoracic region, relaxation of the muscles of the thoracic and lumbar spine, training of the neck muscles. Next, the counterclockwise trajectory turns to the lying position on the left side of the fitball, the left hand is bent at the elbow, completely wraps the fitball, the right hand rests on the ball, the right leg is retracted and raised to the level of the right shoulder, the toe of the right leg to itself, the left foot slightly bent at the knee in the support on the outer edge of the foot (Fig. 70 - Fig. 71; Fig. 82 - Fig. 83; Fig. 94 - Fig. 95); correction of the curvature arc in the lumbar region and alignment of the pelvis, development of the lateral and oblique abdominal muscles, strengthening the muscles of the lower extremities. Further, the trajectory of the movement is counterclockwise with the right foot and right hand in position: lying on the left side on the fitball, the left hand is bent at the elbow, completely wraps the fitball, the right hand presses the ball with the palm, the right elbow is pressed across the shoulders above the knees, the right leg is worn from above, the emphasis is on the inner edge of the right foot, the left leg is under the right foot, the emphasis is on the outer edge of the left foot, this position of the body helps to strengthen the muscles of the pectoral and lumbar spine, the muscles of the extremities, Leveling the position of the pelvis and reducing the torsion of the spine (Fig. 72 - Fig. 73; Fig. 84 - Fig. 85; Fig. 96 - Fig. 97). Further, the exercise is repeated with a clockwise rotation in the supine position on the left side with the right leg retracted (Fig. 74, Fig. 86, Fig. 98), then a clockwise rotation in the supine position (Fig. 75; Fig. 87 ; Fig. 99), then turn to the right side with the abduction of the left leg (Fig. 77; Fig. 89, Fig. 101), turn to the starting position with the left foot (Fig. 78, Fig. 90, Fig. 102) . The exercise cycle includes: starting position; trajectory of movement - rolling counterclockwise from the position lying on the right side of the fitball with the abduction of the left leg to the level of the left shoulder into the position on the back with the arms set aside, then in the position lying on the left side of the fitball with the abduction of the right leg; further rolling clockwise from lying to left side on fitball with the abduction of the right leg to the level of the right shoulder in position on the back with arms held to the side, then to lying to the right side on fitball with retraction of the left leg; return to the starting position. It is possible to do an exercise from the initial position lying on the left side on the fitball, the left arm is bent at the elbow completely wraps the fitball, the right hand presses the ball with the palm, the right elbow is pressed to the ribs, the legs are crossed shoulder-width above the knees, the right leg is set on top, the support is on the inner edge of the right foot, the left foot under the right foot, the emphasis on the outer edge of the left foot. Trajectory of movement: rolling clockwise, then counterclockwise. Exercise is performed preferably at an average pace of 1-5 times for at least 1 minute with a break for rest (10-30 seconds) between exercise cycles.

The fifth exercise, "The Cat Looks Away" (Fig. 103 - Fig. 120) is performed both individually and in a group. Starting position: standing, feet shoulder-width apart, slightly springy, knees turned to the left, legs slightly bent at the knees, emphasis on the entire surface of the feet, hands at chest level, arms fitball, the ball rests on the chest: body, knees and hands turned to the left , while the head is turned to the right and slightly tilted to the left, fixed when the body moves (Fig. 103, Fig. 109, Fig. 115). The movement begins with turning from left to right of the knees, then turning the body and hands with the fitball from left to right (Fig. 104 - Fig. 105; Fig. 110 - Fig. 111; Fig. 116 - Fig. 117). When turning, the paravertebral muscles of the back and abdominal muscles work: when transferring the fitball, the ball detaches from the chest, while the muscles of the neck-collar area work: the body is straight, the legs are shoulder-width apart, the knees spring, the emphasis is on the entire surface of the feet, the look accompanies the ball in a circle , while training the muscles of the eyes, which is a prerequisite for practicing with children with disabilities, receiving and transmitting the fitball is carried out five times from left to right. Next position: legs shoulder-width apart, slightly springy, knees turned to the right, legs slightly bent at the knees, emphasis on the entire surface of the feet, arms at chest level, arms fitball, arms fit to the chest: the body, knees and arms are turned to the right, the head is turned to the left and slightly tilted to the right, fixed when the body moves, the movement starts with turning from right to left of the knees, then turning the body and hands with the fitball from right to left (Fig. 106 - Fig. 108; Fig. 112 - Fig. 114; Fig. 114). 118 - Fig. 120), return to the starting position. When turning, the paravertebral muscles of the back and abdominal muscles work: when transferring the fitball, the ball is retracted from the chest, while the muscles of the neck-collar area work: the body is straight, the legs are shoulder-width apart, the knees spring, the emphasis is on the entire surface of the feet, the arms are down, look accompanies the ball in a circle, while training the muscles of the eyes, which is a prerequisite when practicing with children with disabilities. The exercise cycle includes: the starting position, the trajectory of movement - turning the body and arms with the ball from left to right, then turning the body and arms with the ball from right to left; return to the starting position. It is possible to do the exercise from the starting position: standing, feet shoulder-width apart, slightly springy, knees turned to the right, legs slightly bent at the knees, emphasis on the entire surface of the feet, hands at chest level, arms fitball, the ball rests on the chest: body, the knees and arms are turned to the right, while the head is turned to the left and slightly tilted to the right, fixed when the body moves; at the same time, the trajectory of the rotation is from right to left In the process of performing an exercise in a group, after passing the ball, turns without it are carried out in the same way. This exercise is performed at least 10 times: 5 times the transfer of the ball from right to left and 5 times the transfer of the ball from left to right, preferably at an average pace for one minute.

The sixth exercise “Cat is listening” (Fig. 121 - Fig. 129) is aimed at forming a new reflex of posture by combining the common center of mass of the body and the center of gravity of the ball when landing on the fitball, which leads to the formation of correct posture, and there is an improvement in blood circulation and lymph circulation in the region of the neck and collar zone of the spine, which has a positive effect on the work of the visual analyzer. This exercise is aimed at restoring breathing. Starting position: sitting on fitball, back straight, legs bent at the knees shoulder width, focus on the entire area of the foot, hands bent at the elbow, forming a right angle, palms touching, fingers of the left hand lie on the center of the right palm (Fig. 121, Fig. 124, Fig. 127). The trajectory of movement: the right hand is assigned to the level of the right shoulder. The fingers of the right hand lie on the center of the left palm. The left hand is retracted to the level of the right shoulder. Performs an alternate movement of the palms of the hands for 30 seconds. (Fig. 122; Fig. 125; Fig. 128). The palm of the right hand is placed on the base of the neck, the palm of the left hand covers the right hand, while both forearms fix the head, forming "ears" (Fig. 123, Fig. 126, Fig. 129), then return to the starting position. The exercise cycle: the initial position, the trajectory of motion: alternate movement of the palms of the hands with putting them behind your back with the formation of "ears"; return to the starting position. Variant of the initial position: the back is straight, the legs are bent at the knees at shoulder width, the emphasis is on the entire area of the foot, the hands are bent at the elbow joint, forming a right angle, the palms are touching, the fingers of the right hand lie on the center of the left palm. Monitoring the correct posture and breathing for at least 1 minute.

The method of correction of posture through a set of imitation fitball-gymnastics provides healing of the body, leads to the harmonious development of the personality.

Approbation of the invention was carried out on the basis of the MOU of the boarding school 4 types of O. Lyubertsy, Moscow Region in 2016-2018. The object of the study: a group of students in grades 6-7 with various pathologies of the visual analyzer and, as a consequence, a violation of posture. The group of visually impaired includes children who, against the background of organic lesions of the visual system or anatomical imperfections of the organ of vision, have visual acuity from 0.05 to 0.4 D. The distribution of students into groups takes into account visual acuity so that both the control and experimental groups have students with the same type of starting indicators for visual acuity. The effectiveness of the invention was proven during the experiment. For this, the students were divided into two groups: 1 group - experimental (8 people), 2 group-control (8 people). The degree of violation of posture and spinal deformity was detected using the visual method (Adams test) and the optical method or the device - a mobile TODP). All pupils revealed violations of posture in varying degrees, due to deprivation of vision. In the experimental group since 2016 classes have been conducted IFG. With the repeated survey in 2018, 3 people from the experimental group improved their results, four students remained at the same level, and one student had lower than the control measurement. In the control group, the indicators did not change in 6 students, in 2 they decreased relative to the measurements of 2016. As a result, in the experimental group of students, there is a positive trend in improving posture while there is no decrease in visual acuity in 6 people and in 2 students, this indicator improved by 0.01D and 0.02 D. The results of diagnostics of socio-psychological adaptation (C. Rogers and R. Diamond) revealed a positive trend in the “Adaptation” indicators from 44% (2016) to 52% (2018); “Adoption of others” from 41% to 56%, respectively, which confirms the growth of communicative culture and adaptation in society.

Thus, the use of the proposed method of correcting imitative exercises fitball gymnastics "Relax and move like a cat" allowed to achieve positive health physical and emotional effect in adolescents, while significantly increasing their communicative culture and adaptation in society. Positive dynamics as a result of the prevention and correction of posture was also observed among younger schoolchildren and preschoolers during classes in the Summer Park in Malakhovka. The invention can be carried out both by the instructor-methodologist adaptive, physical therapy, and parents of children with disabilities on vision.

Claims (18)

1. A method for correcting postural disorders in children with disabilities (HIA) by sight, including the implementation of the imitation fitball-gymnastics (IFG) complex “Relax and move like a cat” containing six exercises that imitate the movement of a cat, characterized by the fact that The first exercise, “Cat Resting,” imitating a resting cat, is a relaxation exercise, and the exercise starts from its original position - reclining, leaning on the fitball with one side, clasping it with its hands, and its legs are bent at the hip, knee and ankle joints and crossed in the area of the ankle joints ; perform movement, the trajectory of which is aimed at changing the posture from the starting position to the position - emphasis on bent knees and fitball with the subsequent transition to the final position - reclining, leaning with the other side on the fitball, clasping it with your hands, while the legs are half-bent in the hip, knee and ankle joints and crossed in the area of the ankle joints; the second exercise “Cat rolls a ball”, imitating the movement of a cat rolling a ball, while starting the exercise from an initial position - lying on your back; one leg with a toe rests against the fitball, the other is bent at the knee with the foot resting, the fitball lies on the palmar surfaces of both hands, perform the exercise, rotating the fitball towards itself through alternate or simultaneous movements of the hands and toes of the feet - right hand-right leg and left hand-left leg; before moving to the final position - supine, knees bent, focusing on the entire area of the feet, hands bent at chest level and hold fitball, then return to the starting position; the third exercise, “The cat pulls out the foot”, imitating the movement of the cat pulling out the foot, while starting the exercise from the starting position - standing: body straight, looking forward, avoiding tilting the head down, resting on one foot, fitball is located behind the back; perform the exercise by alternating abduction to the side and back first of one and then of the other leg, fixing the fitball with hands behind the back; at the same time, the toe of the foot, when retracted, is bent to the side of its foot leg in the position of abduction to the side and back fixed at the knee height of the opposite leg; go to the starting position; then repeat for the other leg; the fourth exercise “A cat wraps a ball”, imitating the movement of a cat wrapping around a ball, starts from the starting position - lying sideways on the fitball, the same hand is bent at the elbow and completely wraps the fitball, the leg of this side is crossed with the other and is under it, the support produce on the inner edge of that leg, which is above, and on the outer edge of that leg, which is below, while the legs are shoulder-width apart, the other hand presses the fitball with a palm, its elbow is pressed against the ribs; perform the exercise by turning the body, and when turning the leg, which is on top, is raised to the shoulder level, its toe is directed towards itself, then through the supine position on the fitball, the neck keeps the head from bending back, the legs are bent at the knees, the emphasis is on the entire surface of the feet , hands are retracted to the sides at shoulder height, palms upwards with alignment of the shoulder girdle, complete the turn while lying on the other side on the fitball, at the end of the exercise the hands position is opposite to the original: one arm is bent at the elbow and completely wraps the fitball, one the palm rests on the fitball, the legs, respectively, are crossed opposite their initial position: one foot on top, the other under it, legs shoulder-width apart; then, when returning to the starting position, they repeat the turns of the body and legs, including the supine position on the fitball with the arms set aside; the fifth exercise “Cat looks to the side”, imitating a cat looking to the side, is performed from the starting position - standing, feet shoulder-width apart, knees bent, springing, knees turned to one side, focusing on the entire surface of the feet, arms at chest level , palms wrap fitball that rests on the chest: the body, knees and hands are turned in the same direction with the head tilted, while the head is turned in the opposite direction and fixed during body movements; begin the exercise with turning the knees in the direction opposite to the initial position, then also turning the body and hands with the fitball, and, when moving, the fitball comes off the chest; body straight, feet shoulder-width apart, knees spring, focusing on the entire surface of the feet; then they move to the final position - legs are shoulder-width apart, the body, knees and arms are turned and the head is tilted in the direction opposite to the initial position, and the head is turned in the direction opposite to the body, knees and hands, fixed during body movements; perform a turn in the opposite direction with a return to the original position; The sixth “Cat Listens” exercise, imitating a listening cat, is respiratory, while starting the exercise from the starting position - sitting on a fitball, back straight, legs bent at the knees shoulder width, focusing on the entire foot area, arms bent at the elbow joint with forming a right angle the hands touch so that the fingers of one hand rest on the center of the palm of the other, the fingers of the other hand do not touch the palm; one hand is taken to the level of the shoulder of the same name, while the fingers of the other hand are placed on its center, then another hand is taken to the level of the shoulder of the same name, this alternate movement is performed with the palms of the hands, then the palm of one hand is placed on the base of the neck, while the palm of the second hand covers the first hand, and both forearms fix the head, forming "ears", then perform a return to the original position. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in all exercises of the complex they use a fitball without sounding or voiced with inside bells and freely moving bells that produce a sound when it is rolled, which serves as an additional guide for children with residual vision, while selecting the fitball depends on the degree of damage to the visual analyzer. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first exercise, "The Cat is resting," is performed once for at least one minute; the second exercise “Cat rolls a ball” is performed at least 5 times, taking into account 10-fold repetitions of alternating movements with each arm and leg, or 20 simultaneous movements with both arms and legs for 1 minute; the third exercise “A cat pulls out a foot” is performed once, taking into account alternate leg abduction, 1–5 times for at least 1 minute; the fourth exercise, “A cat wraps a ball”, is performed from 1 to 5 times for at least 1 minute; Reception and transfer of fitball in the fifth exercise “The Cat Looks Away” is carried out 5 times in each direction, and the exercise is performed for at least 1 minute; the alternate movement of the palms of the hands in the sixth exercise “Cat Listens” is carried out for 30 seconds, the fixed position of the head is held for at least 1 minute. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that it is preferable to perform daily 1-2 times for 7-8 minutes - in the morning, in the evening, while the duration of the implementation of the complex is made up taking into account the total interval of rest - 1 minute, or 10 seconds between exercises and at the end of the sixth exercise, the complex is recommended to perform during the year, in the absence of dynamics, continue with an interval of 3-6 months. until positive results on posture correction. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fifth exercise, "The Cat Looks Away", is carried out individually or in a group, while transferring the fitball from the chest.

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