RU2683521C1 - Method for preparation and storage ensilage fodder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of preparation and storage of silage feed includes the preparation of green mass of plants with their grinding, loading into containers, drying, sealing, evacuation, and delivery to storage and feeding sites. Drying of the silage mass is carried out before sealing and subsequent evacuation by sucking air through it with the associated removal of juice and rainwater. To create an air flow using a vacuum pump, and to collect the liquid fraction – a vacuum cylinder. To speed up the process of draining the loading neck of the container is narrowed.

EFFECT: method provides the ability to implement the process of ensiling feed with a high content of juice or in rainy weather.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to feed production, namely the preparation and storage of silage feed from green mass.

A known method and device for silage of feed, which contains a trench dug in the ground, having a cross-section in the form of a semicircle. A plastic film is laid at the bottom of the trench, on top of which a green feed is laid in the trench. On top of the green feed is covered with plastic wrap. Along the entire perimeter of the trench, the edges of the upper plastic film are hermetically connected to the edges of the lower plastic film. To protect the film from rodents, a metal mesh with a mesh size of not more than 10 × 10 mm was laid on top of the plastic film. A layer of mineral soil 10-15 cm thick is poured on top of the mesh. A perforated pipe is laid on top of the trench over the film to pump out the juice formed in the green feed during compaction. Two perforated pipes for pumping air are located along the entire length of the trench above the juice level. After sealing the store, the air from the store is pumped out through the perforated pipes using a vacuum pump. The compaction of green mass occurs due to the difference between atmospheric pressure and air pressure in the trench (RF Patent No. 129768, IPC A23K 3/02, filed January 14, 2013, published July 10, 2013).

Sealing the crushed green mass laid in the trench after sealing the storage is carried out by removing air through perforated pipes using a vacuum pump. After pumping the air, the valve is closed and the vacuum pump is disconnected. Due to the difference between atmospheric pressure and air pressure in the trench, the green mass is densified. After that, in a green food densified and isolated from air oxygen, the process of lactic acid fermentation begins, accompanied by the release of cell juice.

Removing excess cellular juice from the trench is carried out using a vacuum pump through a perforated pipe. After removing excess juice, the valve is closed and the vacuum pump is disconnected. The removal of excess juice is facilitated by the shape of the trench, which is a semicircle in cross section. Also, the removal of excess juice contributes to the slope of the trench in the longitudinal direction.

In addition, when silage is fed in rainy weather, rain water enters the silage feed, which also reduces the quality of silage feed.

To improve the quality of silage fodder, it is necessary to remove only the juice formed, as well as rainwater.

The device allows to initiate the process of lactic fermentation and reduce the loss of nutrient and energy substances by improving the sealing of the silo, reducing the time of compaction of the silo mass and the quality removal of the resulting juice from it, as well as by removing air using vacuum. This improves the quality of the resulting silo, as well as provide the possibility of its long-term storage without compromising quality.

The known method and device for silage feed has disadvantages.

Large losses are allowed during storage and transportation of feed, comprising at least 10-15%, and in case of violation of technology reaching 40-45%. When collecting silage from a trench, a machine is required to separate the mass from the pile and a feeder. Silo receives repeated fermentation, while its quality is acidified and its quality indicators are reduced.

In addition, due to the removal of unused juice from the trench, the environment is disturbed.

A known method for the preparation of silage feed, which includes grinding green mass, laying green mass in a soft container made of polyethylene film with an open mouth, is pre-installed in a transport bag with devices for capturing lifting devices of the "Big Bag" type, sealing, vacuum sealing at its value 60 ÷ 70 kPa to 700 ÷ 800 density kg / m ³ with associated tap juice ensiling green mass in the process of lactic acid fermentation, storage and transportation of the silo to the animal feeding place in a hermetically Closing the soft evacuated container which is placed in the transport bag. Open the container at the place of feeding of animals. A vacuum unit is used to pump air from the container. The air is evacuated from the container to such a vacuum pressure that the density of the green mass exceeds the density of the silo obtained from the green mass of this type (RF Patent No. 2584026, IPC A23K 30/10, A01F 25/14 E04H 7/22, application 25.02 .2015, publ. 05.20.2016, bull. No. 14).

In the known method, a soft evacuated container made of a synthetic film with a non-return valve that does not allow air to pass inside is used as storage. After laying the silage, the container is sealed and air is pumped out using a mobile vacuum unit. After that, the process of siloing the green mass begins in the container. Due to the fact that there is practically no air left in the container, aerobic bacteria are not activated. This contributes to high quality silage. In the process of siloing through the check valve, silo juice can be pumped out of the container.

Lay the containers located in transport bags for storage either immediately after pumping out the air, or after the process of siloing the green mass. For transportation capture transport bags with containers for slings. Silo containers can be stored both in trenches and in ground storage facilities. A hermetically sealed evacuated container with a silo is transported to the animal feeding site. Open containers directly at the place of feeding of animals. Due to the fact that the silo containers are in transport bags, it is possible to transport the silo over long distances. In addition, due to the small volume of containers it is used completely at a time, which avoids damage to the silo from secondary fermentation.

However, the known method for the preparation of silage feed has disadvantages.

When loading the crushed green mass into soft containers, it takes the shape of a circle in cross section, and when installed in the storage, it takes up space 1.27 times more than when installing a regular container having the shape of a square or rectangle in cross section. To compensate for the loss of silage harvested by known technologies, it is necessary to harvest and store it for storage more than planned for animal feed. This increases the cost of preparing and storing silage.

The loading of soft containers located in transport bags is impossible without special devices on a moving vehicle and hospital, since the soft container must be straightened to the desired cross-section.

To eliminate the noted drawbacks, it is necessary to make and fill soft containers with a square or rectangle section, but special devices are needed.

During evacuation, volumetric compression of the silo mass occurs, therefore, to obtain a given shape in the section of the container, a device (cartridge) having rigid walls forming the necessary shape is necessary.

There are farms that can produce silage in quantities greater than what is needed to feed existing livestock. Such farms could harvest silage for sale. For this, the containers in which the silo will be located must meet the requirements of transportation over long distances. To do this, the container with a silo should be compact and convenient for transportation, for which it is placed in transport bags.

In addition, during feed silage in rainy weather, rain water gets into the ground green feed, which reduces the quality indicators during feed silage (fermentation), as well as storage of silage feed.

Also known is a method for preparing and storing silage feed, which includes grinding green mass of plants, laying in soft containers made of airtight film, pre-installed in transport bags with devices for capturing lifting mechanisms, sealing and sealing by vacuum up to 60 ÷ 70 kPa and green density mass 700 ÷ 800 kg / m ³ with the associated removal of the resulting juice. After that, the mass is silted and stored until feeding. For loading, prepared for siloing the green mass of plants into containers, cassettes with hard (solid) walls with a section in the form of a square or rectangle are first made for a more complete filling of the storage. Transport bags are installed in the cartridges, and in them are soft containers, which are pumped with air to straighten the silage before laying it. Silage mass is evacuated and silo. Transportation of the silo to the place of feeding of animals is carried out in hermetically sealed evacuated containers with a silo located in transport bags. Containers are opened directly at the place of animal feeding. The implementation of the invention allows you to completely save the silo, daily feed the animals fresh food, which leads to increased production efficiency of livestock products. Using a cassette with rigid walls and a bottom allows you to save the shape of a square or rectangle in the cross section of loose crushed green mass located in the container and in the transport bag, which allows you to store transport bags in tiers and significantly reduce the volume of the silo. RF patent No. 2625480, IPC A23 30/10, decl. 10/05/2016, publ. 07/14/2017).

A disadvantage of the known method and storage of silage feed is that when silage crops with a high juice content in rainy weather, in the silage is a lot of liquid, which degrades the quality of the silage and leads to significant costs for transportation. Therefore, most often in rainy weather, silage of feed is not performed. At the same time, the process of silage is delayed, which leads to a decrease in the quality indicators of silage feed.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase the quality indicators of silage feed, reducing the cost of its preparation.

The technical result consists in the fact that the improvement of the quality indicators of the silage feed is carried out by selecting the liquid fraction, including rainwater from the silage mass loaded into the containers, before sealing and subsequent evacuation of the silage feed.

The technical solution is achieved by the method of preparation and storage of silage feed, including a workpiece with grinding green plant mass, loading into evacuated containers made, for example, of an airtight film, sealing containers, evacuating them and delivering them to storage and feeding places, after loading the ground mass it is drained into silo containers by sucking through a shredded mass of air with the associated drainage of juice and rainwater before being evacuated cm, the drying accelerating the crushed mass is laid in the container from a liquid fraction - rainwater and juice is done by narrowing the open container mouth, through which the shredded mass is laid.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed method of preparation and storage of silage feed meets the criterion of (Novelty), as it differs from the prototype.

1. After loading the silo container, the mortgaged ground feed is drained.

2. Juice and rain water are sucked out from the crushed mass and container to be laid in with an air stream.

3. Acceleration of the drainage of the crushed fodder mass laid in the container from the liquid fraction - juice, rainwater is carried out by narrowing the open mouth, through which the crushed fodder mass is loaded into the container.

To improve the quality indicators of the silage feed during the loading of the container with the ground mass, the feed mass is drained. Juice formed during mowing and grinding of plants and rainwater, which gets into the crushed mass during mowing of plants and during transportation of the crushed fodder mass, are removed from the mortar to be laid.

Draining of the crushed fodder mass laid in the container for silage is carried out by sucking in air and passing the juice and rainwater along the way. Moreover, during suction, the air captures rainwater and the resulting juice.

Rain water and juice from the crushed fodder laid in the container are aspirated before evacuation. At the same time, the sucked-in air helps to separate the drops of rain water and juice from the crushed feed being laid.

Acceleration of the drainage of the crushed mass laid in the container from the liquid fraction - juice and rainwater is carried out by narrowing the open neck, through which the crushed fodder mass is loaded.

To accelerate the drainage of the crushed fodder mass from rainwater and the resulting juice, the air is sucked before evacuating the container, at which the neck may change cross-section. At the same time, air from the crushed pledged mass passes through the narrowed neck of the container with a higher speed, which contributes to a better separation of drops of rain water and juice from the crushed poured mass for siloing.

Identified signs of a technical solution of the proposed method for the preparation of silage feed allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "Significant differences".

To improve the quality of the silage feed, to preserve it for a long time, as well as to transport the silage to the storage and feeding places for farm animals, the silage is placed in separate containers, where it is silted. If containers with rigid walls, they are directly loaded onto vehicles and transported to storage and feeding places, and if with soft walls (for example, from film), then containers are transported to storage and feeding places in transport bags. This eliminates losses during the laying, transportation and storage of the silo.

The essence of the proposed invention is illustrated by drawing material.

In FIG. 1 shows a set of equipment for sucking air through a crushed fodder mass located in a container before evacuation. It is also used to evacuate containers after sealing.

To implement the proposed method for the preparation and storage of silage feed, a set of equipment is used, including a container 1 with an open neck 2 and a valve 3 filled with silage 4, a vacuum cylinder 5 for collecting the liquid fraction, a vacuum gauge 6 for monitoring the magnitude of the vacuum, a vacuum pump 7.

The process of preparing a silo is as follows.

A wetted silage mass 4 is loaded into the container 1 through the open neck 2 and a vacuum cylinder 5, a vacuum gauge 6, and a vacuum pump 7 are connected in series to vacuum valve (not shown) to a valve 3 installed at the bottom of the container 1.

When the vacuum pump 7 is turned on, the air is first sucked out of the vacuum cylinder 5, then through the valve 3 from the silo mass 4 and the environment. At the same time, liquid is sucked up with air, which accumulates in the vacuum chamber 5. To speed up the drying of the silage 4 from the liquid fraction, the neck 2 is narrowed, thereby increasing the speed of the air flow, which contributes to the separation of liquid droplets - rain water, juice formed from the silo mass 4. After drying feed silage 4 container 1 is sealed, and then vacuum to a vacuum value of 60-80 kPa. The silage process is carried out without a liquid fraction, causing acidification of the silo. In the container, the vacuum medium allows you to obtain and maintain high-quality high-quality silage feed.

Typically, corn silage is harvested in the month of September, when rainy days are about 10-12 out of 30. The laying of one trench takes about 5 days, and the entire silage period lasts 15-20 days. Therefore, rainwater enters the silage mass in large quantities.

Practical experiments show that it takes only a few minutes to remove rainwater and the resulting juice from a container with freshly loaded fodder mass.

An important advantage is that when laying the silage mass into containers directly in the field, it is not necessary to transport the liquid fraction to the storage sites of the silo, thereby reducing the cost of its preparation. In addition, a high-quality silo is obtained, and the liquid fraction separated from the silo can be disposed of directly in the field, thereby reducing the economic burden in the storage areas of the silo.

Claims (1)

A method of preparing and storing silage feed, including harvesting the green mass of plants with their grinding, loading into evacuated containers made, for example, of an airtight film, sealing containers, evacuating them and delivering them to storage and feeding places, characterized in that after the chopped mass is loaded in containers for silage, drainage of the feed mass is carried out by sucking air through it, with the associated drainage of juice and rain water, moreover, the acceleration of drainage the crushed fodder mass laid in the container from the liquid fraction of juice and rainwater is carried out by narrowing the open mouth of the container through which the crushed fodder mass is fed.

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