RU2528189C1 - Method of preparing and storage of silage feed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises grinding the green mass with flaking grain, laying it to the storage facility, sealing the storage facility, pumping air from the green mass, its compacting and storage. The storage facility is used as a metal container with a removable tightly installed lid. The green mass compacting is performed prior to sealing the container. In the process of ensiling the excess of the resulting cellular fluid is removed. Evacuation of the silage feed in the container is performed after completion of ensiling for further storage of feed. The container is transported after storage to the site of use, where its depressurisation is performed.

EFFECT: method enables to enhance the quality of the feed prepared, keep it for a long time, use part of the exuded cellular fluid for giving calves to drink.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to feed production, in particular to the preparation of silage feed from the green mass of crops with a grain component.

The development of the livestock industry and its effectiveness mainly depends on the volume and quality of the harvested silage feed, since in the ration of animals during the stall period up to 80% of dry matter should be provided by silage feed.

To obtain high-quality silage feed, the following conditions must be met:

- as soon as possible fill the storage so that the mass does not have time to warm up very much;

- as much as possible to compact the mass, so that oxygen in the part of the air remaining in the mass after sealing can be used for a short period of time during respiration of plant cells, as a result of which anaerobic conditions would be created;

- seal the packed mass as best as possible to prevent air from entering the storage during fermentation;

- prevent leakage of juice emitted during silage through the walls and the bottom, protect the silage mass from the penetration of water from outside;

water, getting into the feed, leaches it, removes acids and nutrients with it, which can make the feed unsuitable or impair its quality;

- protect the silage and hay mass from freezing, as unloading and feeding of frozen feed is difficult; In addition, the silo process requires maintaining a positive temperature in the silo.

Failure to comply with any of these requirements will inevitably lead to large losses of nutrients both in the process of filling storages and in the process of fermentation and storage of feed.

There is a method of harvesting green feed, including grinding green mass, putting it into storage, sealing and sealing [Handbook for the preparation, storage and use of feed. / P.S. Avramenko, L.M. Postovalova, N.V. Glovatsky, etc. - Minsk .: Urajay, 1993].

The disadvantage of the method, which provides for compaction of the mass stored in the storage rammed by the tractor (dynamic load), is the fact that, due to its elastic properties, the mass, after each passage of the tractor, is decompressed and air is sucked into it. As a result, in the process of filling the storage, oxygen is constantly supplied to the compacted mass, the activity of aerobic bacteria is initiated, and the process of lactic acid fermentation, which takes place under aerobic conditions, is inhibited, and the mass is very hot. If the mass has warmed up, then after loading and sealing the storage, the high temperature remains during the fermentation of the feed for a long period of time (2 months or more). To heat the mass, a lot of energy is required, which is released as a result of the “burning” of nutrients, which inevitably leads to a decrease in the energy value of the feed and protein denaturation. It is known that at a mass temperature above 38 ° C, for every degree of exceeding this threshold, protein digestibility is reduced by 2%. If the mass has warmed up, it is impossible to seal the storage with a plastic film, since air enters the storage through the soil adjacent to the walls of the trench under the influence of temperature gradients. Observations showed that the difference between the mass temperature in the center of the trench and in the near-wall zones reaches up to 20 ° C, which indicates intense air exchange during the fermentation of the feed.

There is a method of harvesting green feed, including grinding green mass, putting it into storage, sealing and sealing, while compaction of the mass stored in the storage is carried out by a static load [Description of the invention to the patent of Belarus No. 2547, IPC A23K 3/02, Method for harvesting green feed / Chernik P.K., publ. 12/30/1998]. In this method, when filling the storage with green mass, only leveling is carried out and crushing it with a limited number of bulldozer passes when leveling the mass. Additional tamping of the mass during the filling of the storage is not performed. After filling the storehouse to its full height, exceeding the expected deformation from compaction above the top of the trench, the static load equal to 0.03-0.05 MPa (depending on the humidity of the mass, type of grass, and degree of grinding) is immediately loaded into the mass storage ) This load is equivalent to a soil layer with a thickness of 1.5-2.5 m.

The disadvantage of this method is the large amount of work on loading green mass of soil.

A known method of preparation and storage of silage feed, including grinding green mass, putting it into storage, sealing the storage, pumping air from the green mass, its compaction and storage [Description of the invention to the patent of Belarus No. 13437, IPC А23К 3/00, Method for preparing silage feed / Chernik P.K. and etc.; publ. 08/30/2008] (prototype).

In the known method, a trench is used as storage, which is hermetically covered on top with a plastic film. The air is pumped out from the green mass through a perforated pipe laid in the lower part of the trench. The disadvantage of this method is the fast clogging of the ground green mass of the holes of the perforated pipe, the perforated pipe itself, the collector and the vacuum pump. This complicates the process of removing air from the store. Another disadvantage of this method is that the storage is sealed only in its upper part, while the bottom of the trench remains unprotected from the access of air through the ground. The presence of air in the green mass initiates the activity of aerobic bacteria and inhibits the process of lactic acid fermentation, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of the prepared silo.

In the known method, the green mass is compressed due to the difference between the pressure created by pumping air from the green mass laid and sealed in the storage, and atmospheric pressure. Due to the fact that the necessary tightness of the storage is not ensured, proper compaction of the green mass does not occur.

In addition, in the known method, the excess formed in the process of lactic acid fermentation of the cell juice is not pumped out, which does not allow it to be used for feeding calves.

Due to the fact that the tightness of the storage is not provided, in the known method it is impossible to evacuate the storage for long-term storage of the prepared silo.

To use silage for fodder, the cattle trench is opened. Since a large amount of silo is stored in the trench, the process of using it lasts for many days. At this time, the air entering the trench initiates the activity of aerobic bacteria, as a result of which the silo begins to deteriorate. In addition, in winter, the silo begins to freeze, which also reduces its quality.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to improve the quality of the prepared feed and preserve it for a long time.

To solve the problem in a method of preparing and storing silage feed from a green mass of a crop with a grain component, including grinding green mass, placing it in a storage, sealing the storage, pumping air from the green mass, compressing and storing it, according to the invention, use storage as a storage a metal container with a removable hermetically sealed lid, the green mass is crushed with grain flattening, the green mass is compacted before the container is sealed, in percent sse excess silage produced with cell sap is removed from the container, after completion of the process of ensiling fodder silage produce vacuum in the container for its subsequent storage, and at the end of the storage container is transported to the place of use, where it produces depressurization.

In addition, the cell sap formed in the process of crushing the grain is also used for calf mopping up or processing.

The figure 1 presents a diagram of the technological process of preparation and storage of the silo; figure 2 is a General view of the container for the preparation and storage of silage; in figure 3 - node a in figure 2; figure 4 is a section aa of figure 2; figure 5 is a side view of the container.

The proposed method for the preparation of silage feed includes (see figure 1): 1 - mowing the green mass, grinding with loading in vehicles; 2 - transportation to the place of additional processing, where it is unloaded 3; 4 - flattening the green mass of the culture with the grain component until the shells of the grain are destroyed, while part of the juice 6 is used for calf mowing or processing 7. Next, the resulting mass is laid in a specialized container and sealed 5, while also part of the juice 6, which they are used for calf rearing or processing 7. After laying the green mass, the container 8 is sealed with a removable hermetically sealed lid. After that, extract the silage mass to undergo the process of silage 9, while, as necessary, carry out the removal of juice 10 in a special container designed for these purposes. At the end of the silage process, the silage feed is evacuated in a container for its further storage 11, at the end of which, as necessary, the container is transported to the place of use 12, where it is depressurized before feeding. To implement the proposed method, a specialized metal container 14 is used, in which the prepared green mass 15 is laid. The green mass is compacted using a press plate 16 mounted horizontally inside the container and having the ability to move in the vertical direction. Excess cell juice formed during the compaction process is removed using a special valve 17 located at the bottom of the container into a container 18 specially prepared for this purpose. The collected juice is used for feeding calves or for processing. The container is sealed using a removable hermetically sealed metal lid 19. After sealing, the green mass is silted, during which cell juice appears in it, which is drained as necessary with a valve 17 into the container 18. After the silo process is completed, the silo mass is evacuated with using a vacuum pump 21 connected through a pipe and a stopcock 20 to the container. Using a pressure gauge 22 determine the vacuum created in the container. After that, the container with the silo is left for possible long-term storage. Vacuuming the container inhibits the activity of aerobic bacteria and prevents freezing of the feed. As necessary, the container is transported to the place of use, where it is depressurized before feeding.

The proposed method for the preparation of silage fodder allows you to maximize the use of the energy potential of the green mass of the crop with a grain component, for example, corn, use part of the secreted intercellular green juice to feed the calves, improve the quality of the prepared feed, reduce the loss of nutrient and energy substances, in comparison with the technologies used in siloing. Also, due to a change in the technology for preparing silage feed, there is a decrease in production waste and an increase in the class rating of the forces of the wasp mass, which will necessarily affect its cattle eatability.

Claims (2)

1. The method of preparation and storage of silage fodder from the green mass of the crop with a grain component, including grinding the green mass, placing it in the storage, sealing the storage, pumping air from the green mass, its compaction and storage, characterized in that a metal container is used as storage with a removable hermetically sealed lid, the green mass is crushed with the crushing of grain, the green mass is compacted before the container is sealed, in the process of siloing the excess is formed Gosia wherein the cell sap is removed from the container, after completion of the process of ensiling fodder silage produce vacuum in the container for its subsequent storage, and at the end of the storage container is transported to the place of use, where it produces depressurization. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cell sap formed in the process of flattening the grain is used for calf rearing or processed.

Images