RU2584026C1 - Method for preparation and storage ensilage fodder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fodder production, namely to preparation of encilaging fodders from green mass. Method includes grinding of green mass, laying of green mass into soft container made from polyethylene film with open neck, preset in transport bag with devices for gripping by lifting mechanisms of "big-bag" type, vacuum sealing at its amount of 60÷70 kPa to density of 700÷800 kg/m³ with parallel juice draining, sealing, silage of green mass during lactic fermentation, storage and transportation of silage to animals in tightly closed vacuum soft container. Container is opened on animal feeding place. For air pumping from storage mobile vacuum plant is used. Pumping out air from container is performed to such values of sub-atmospheric pressure in bag, when green mass density exceeding density of silage, obtained from green mass of this type.

EFFECT: method allows to reduce costs for preparation and storage of silage, preserving its quality and completely avoiding loss of silage during storage and transportation, as well as providing possibility of silage transportation over long distances.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to feed production, namely the preparation of silage feed from green mass.

A known method of preparation and storage of silage feed, including grinding the green mass, putting it into storage, sealing the storage, pumping air from the green mass, its compaction and storage [description of the invention to the patent of Belarus No. 13437, IPC A23K 3/00. The method of preparation of silage feed. / Chernik P.K. and etc.; publ. 08/30/2008].

In the known method, a trench is used as storage, which is hermetically covered on top with a plastic film. The air is pumped out from the green mass through a perforated pipe laid in the lower part of the trench.

The disadvantage of this method is the fast clogging of the ground green mass of the holes of the perforated pipe, the perforated pipe itself, the manifold and the vacuum pump. This complicates the process of removing air from the store. Another disadvantage of this method is that the storage is sealed only in its upper part, while the bottom of the trench remains unprotected from the access of air through the ground. The presence of air in the green mass initiates the activity of aerobic bacteria and inhibits the process of lactic acid fermentation, which leads to losses and deterioration in the quality of the prepared silo.

In the known method, the green mass is compacted mechanically due to the difference between the pressure created by pumping air from the green mass laid and sealed in the storage, and atmospheric pressure. Due to the fact that the necessary tightness of the storage is not ensured, there is no proper compaction of the green mass, while it is also impossible to maintain the vacuum of the storage for a long time.

To use silage for fodder, the cattle trench is opened. Since a large amount of silo is stored in the trench, the process of using it lasts for many days. At this time, the air entering the trench initiates the activity of aerobic bacteria, as a result of which the silo begins to deteriorate.

A known method for the preparation and storage of silage feed, including grinding green mass, placing green mass in a metal container, mechanical compaction of green mass, sealing the container, siloing the green mass and evacuating the silage in the container for its further storage [Patent No. 2528189, Russian Federation, MIC A23K 3/02. The method of preparation and storage of silage feed. / Nekrashevich V.F. et al. 01/14/2013], adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this method is that the compaction of the silage mass is carried out mechanically, which requires a special device, and the silo mass is kept in a compressed state by laying the plate with its fixing with special screws, which greatly increases the cost of the silage process; evacuation of the container is carried out after lactic acid fermentation, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of the silo due to its increased acidity; the use of metal containers is expensive due to the high cost of metal and their maintenance, that is, preparation for reuse.

The tasks to which the invention is directed, and the technical result obtained from its use, are to improve the quality of the prepared feed, keep it for a long time, reduce the cost of preparing and storing the silo, as well as providing the possibility of transporting the silo in a reusable container.

To solve the problem and achieve a technical result in the proposed method, including grinding the green mass of plants, putting it into storage, compaction, sealing and silage of the green mass with organic acids, vacuumization and storage of the silo until the storage is opened, followed by transportation to the animal feeding site, prepared for silage the green mass is laid in soft containers made of airtight film, pre-packed in transport bags with devices for capture and lifting mechanisms, seal and seal by vacuum to a value of 60 ÷ 70 kPa and a green mass density of 700 ÷ 800 kg / m ³ with the associated drainage of juice, after which they are silo and stored until feeding.

Distinctive features of the claimed method are:

- the use of soft containers, which under the influence of vacuum are easily deformed and held in a compressed state, reducing the internal volume, and are restored after the vacuum is removed;

- soft containers, before filling with green mass, are placed in transport bags equipped with devices in the form of loops for gripping and overturning them with lifting mechanisms (for example, Big-Bag type), which can be used repeatedly under containers with a silo;

- evacuation with simultaneous compaction of the green mass allows you to abandon the mechanical ramming, to maintain high quality silage feed for a long time;

- a vacuum range of 60 ÷ 70 kPa and a silo density of 700 ÷ 800 kg / m ³ are optimal, since in this case the necessary and sufficient amount of oxygen remains for fermented milk fermentation and non-acidification of the silo, which guarantees its high quality and density, this allows you to reduce the volume of the silo;

- when siloing in soft containers, there is no need to separate the silo from the pile.

To ensure the sealing process in the container, a hole is made with a check valve that does not let air into the container.

The technical result of the proposed invention is that:

- the presence in the container of the minimum required amount of oxygen after pumping air up to 60 ÷ 70 kPa helps to obtain high-quality silo and its long-term preservation during storage;

- the high density of the silo in the container allows to reduce its overall dimensions to 14-15%;

- preparation of silage in containers allows daily feeding of fresh silage to animals;

- the preparation of silage in containers creates the convenience for its delivery to feeding places and the ability to use one tool, such as a tow truck, and not two - a loader and a feeder.

The essence of the proposed invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a prepared silo container with an open neck and a check valve; in FIG. 2 - a bag for transporting a container with a silo; in FIG. 3 shows a hermetically sealed container filled with shredded green mass, with a welded neck; in FIG. 4 - a hermetically sealed container in a bag designed for transportation and storage of a container with a silo.

To implement the proposed method using a soft container 1 with an open neck 2, made of an airtight film. In the lower part of the container has a check valve 3, which does not let air into the container.

The method is carried out as follows.

The soft container 1 is placed in the transport bag 5 (Fig. 2, 3) (of the Big Bag type) and filled with ground green mass 4 (Fig. 2), sealed by sealing the neck 2. Through the hole 7 in the bag and the check valve 3 in the container, a mobile vacuum unit 8 with a vacuum gauge 9 is connected to it (Fig. 4), then the vacuum unit is turned on and air is pumped out of the container to a vacuum value of 60 ÷ 70 kPa, while the density of the silo green mass becomes 700 ÷ 800 kg / m ³ .

As the silage is compacted, juice is pumped from the container into the container 10.

After turning off the vacuum pumping unit, the check valve 3 in the container is closed with a special threaded cap (not shown) to prevent accidental depressurization of the container.

After that, the process of siloing the green mass begins in the container. Since very little air remains in the bag, aerobic bacteria are not activated, which contributes to obtaining high-quality silage. Transport bags 5 (Fig. 3, 4) are equipped with devices 6 for gripping and tipping them with lifting mechanisms, as well as openings 7 for access to the check valve 3 of the container. Bags with containers filled with silage, after evacuation and drainage of juice are transported to places of storage. They are made of square or rectangular cross-section for tight installation in the store (possibly several tiers in height) and, accordingly, to fill a smaller area of the store. After delivery to the places of feeding the animals, the bags are released from the containers.

The bags are stored for reuse in the next season, and the containers are disposed of after removing the silo from them and disconnecting the check valve. The proposed technology for preparing and storing silage allows daily feeding of fresh food to animals, which increases their productivity.

Claims (1)

The method of preparation and storage of silage feed, including grinding the green mass of plants, placing it in a storage, densification, sealing, silage of the green mass with organic acids formed during lactic acid fermentation, evacuation, storage of silage until the storage is opened and transportation to the animal feeding place, characterized in that the green mass prepared for silage is laid in soft containers made of an airtight film pre-installed in transport e bags with devices for capturing by lifting mechanisms, seal and seal by vacuum up to 60 ÷ 70 kPa and green mass density of 700 ÷ 800 kg / m ³ with the associated drainage of the resulting juice, then silo and store until feeding.

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