RU136951U1 - DEVICE FOR BLOCK-VACUUM SILOFING OF FEEDS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for block-vacuum siloing of feeds containing a trench buried in the ground, in which green feed, a polyethylene silo film, perforated pipes for pumping air, a common collector and perforated pipes for pumping juice are laid, while the polyethylene silo film consists of two panels , the lower of which is laid on the bottom, the side and end walls of the trench, forming a tank for storing silage, and the upper panel is laid on top of green feed, forming a lid of this tank, perforated pipes for failure air is located in a trench above the level of juice formed in green feed during lactic acid fermentation, the common collector is equipped with a shut-off valve and a nozzle for connection to a vacuum pump, and perforated pipes for pumping juice are located at the bottom of the tank, characterized in that the storage tank the silo consists of three isolated compartments-bags located along the length of the trench, and the upper panel consists of three parts forming the covers of these compartments-bags, while the edges of the covers are hermetically connected nets with the edges of the bag compartments, in each bag compartment there are at least one perforated pipe for pumping air and at least one perforated pipe for pumping juice, interconnected by a connecting pipe, the end of which is removed from the trench above ground level, equipped with a shut-off valve and connected to the ends of the connecting pipes of the other bag compartments by means of a common collector. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the cross section of the trench has the shape of a rectangle. The device according to claim 1, excellent

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture and can be used to prepare silage from green feed for feeding farm animals.

A device for siloing feeds is known, containing a trench dug in the ground, into which green feed is loaded, a plastic film covering the green feed from above, perforated pipes for pumping air located along the length of the trench, connected to each other by a collector, the end of which is brought out of the trench above the ground and equipped with a shut-off valve and fitting for connection to a vacuum pump [Belarus Patent No. 7417, IPC A23K 3/02, Device for preparing silage feed / Osnov S.V. and others, application No. 20100149, publ. 08/30/2011].

In the known device, the green feed is sealed with a plastic film, which covers the silage from above. But the side walls and the bottom of the trench remain unprotected from the penetration of air through the pores of the soil, which leads to depressurization of the trench and the short-term effect of the vacuum in it after turning off the vacuum pump. As a result, compaction of the green mass due to the difference between atmospheric pressure and air pressure in the trench stops. Due to its elastic properties, the silage mass restores its original volume, atmospheric air enters it, which causes the activity of aerobic bacteria, and as a result, the process of lactic acid fermentation stops. All this leads to an increase in the temperature of the silage mass, to a decrease in the quality of the resulting silo and to its deterioration during storage.

It is also known a device for siloing feed, containing a trench buried in the ground, in which green feed, a polyethylene silo film, perforated pipes for pumping air, a common collector and perforated pipes for pumping juice are laid, while the polyethylene silo film consists of two panels, the lower of which are laid on the bottom, the side and end walls of the trench, forming a storage tank, and the upper panel is laid on top of the green feed, forming the lid of this tank, perforated pipes for pumping air, located in the trench above the level of juice formed in the green feed during lactic acid fermentation, the common collector is equipped with a shut-off valve and a fitting for connection to the vacuum pump, and perforated pipes for pumping the juice are located on the bottom of the trench over the film laid on the bottom of the trench [RF Patent Utility Model No. 129768, IPC A23K 23/02, Device for Siloing Feed / Nekrashevich V.F. et al., publ. 07/10/2013] - a prototype.

In this device, green feed is compacted by creating a vacuum in the tank, which is formed when air is evacuated from the tank. After compaction in green fodder, the process of lactic fermentation begins. The resulting juice is pumped out of the container.

The main disadvantage of this device is that the capacity formed by the lower panel is one huge silo bag, which is inconvenient in operation, because it needs to be quickly, for the normative for trench silos 3-4 days, filled up, concentrating the equipment and people as much as possible. If these periods are exceeded in green food, the activity of aerobic bacteria begins, which is accompanied by an increase in food temperature. This leads to a decrease in the quality of the silo and prevents its long-term storage. When you open the tank for unloading the silo, the tightness of the entire tank is broken, and if spoilage areas appear in it, then they freely spread to the whole feed in the tank.

In the known device, over a plastic film covering the green feed from above, a metal mesh is laid with a mesh size of not more than 10 × 10 mm. Such a cell size cannot guarantee the safety of the film from rodents and birds. In addition, in the known device, a layer of mineral soil with a thickness of 10-15 cm is poured over a plastic film and a metal mesh. This soil freezes in winter, complicates unloading and, mixing with the unloading silo, makes it unsuitable for feeding livestock. All this reduces the quality of the resulting silo, does not provide the possibility of its long-term storage.

In addition, in the known device, the trench has a semicircular cross-sectional shape. This reduces the useful volume of the trench.

The proposed utility model is aimed at improving the quality of the resulting silo, as well as ensuring the possibility of its long-term storage without reducing its quality.

To solve this problem, a device for block-vacuum separate siloing and storage of silo in one Trench is proposed. The device contains a trench buried in the ground, in which green feed, a polyethylene silo film, perforated pipes for pumping air, a common collector and perforated pipes for pumping juice, are laid, while the polyethylene silo film consists of two panels, the lower of which is laid on the bottom, side and the end walls of the trench, forming a tank for storing silage, and the upper panel is laid on top of green feed, forming the cover of this tank, perforated pipes for pumping air are located in the trench above the level juice formed in green feed during lactic acid fermentation, the common collector is equipped with a shut-off valve and a fitting for connection to a vacuum pump, and perforated pipes for pumping juice are located at the bottom of the tank. According to a utility model, a silo storage tank consists of three isolated bag compartments, arranged in series along the length of the trench, and the upper panel consists of three parts forming the covers of these bag compartments, while the edges of the covers are hermetically connected to the edges of the compartments bags, in each compartment-bag are at least one perforated pipe for pumping air, and at least one perforated pipe for pumping juice, interconnected by a connecting pipe, horse It is removed from the trench above the ground, provided with a shut-off valve, and connected to the other ends of the connecting pipe sections by a common manifold.

In cross section, the trench has the shape of a rectangle.

A thin lining vacuum film was laid on top of the green feed in each of the bag compartments.

To protect against rodents and birds, a layer of lime-cannon was poured over the lid of each of the bag compartments and a twisted metal mesh was laid with a mesh size of 4.6 × 7.8 mm.

Bags of crushed stone were laid on top of a metal twisted mesh.

For thermal insulation of the feed, a layer of straw is laid over the bags with crushed stone.

The design of the device is illustrated by drawings. The figure 1 shows the proposed device for silo feed, top view; figure 2 is a section Α-A in figure 1; figure 3 is a section bB in figure 1; figure 4 is a General view (axonometry) of the device; in figure 5 - the shelter of the trench.

The device comprises a trench 1 buried in the ground with concrete walls and a bottom having a cross-section in the shape of a rectangle. The silo storage tank consists of three isolated from each other polyethylene bag compartments 2 located along the length of the trench 1. Green food is placed in these bag compartments. On top of each compartment bag is closed with a plastic silo film - a lid. Along the perimeters, the edges of the covers are hermetically connected to the edges of the bag compartments. In each compartment, the bag is one perforated pipe 3 for pumping juice and two perforated pipes 4 for pumping air. The pipe 3 is laid at the bottom of the bag, and two perforated pipes 4 are installed at a height greater than the level of juice formed in the green feed during lactic acid fermentation. Pipes 3 and 4 are interconnected by means of a connecting pipe 5, the end of which is brought out of the trench above ground level, equipped with a shut-off valve 6, and connected to the ends of the connecting pipes of other bag compartments by means of a common manifold 7. The common collector is equipped with a shut-off valve 8 and a fitting 9 for connection to a vacuum pump 10. Using a vacuum pump, a gas-liquid medium (air and silage juice formed in the green feed during lactic acid fermentation) is pumped out of the bags and discharged into a special container - pit 11. Nar the outer surface of the pipes 3 and 4 is made corrugated in the longitudinal direction with perforation in the form of holes located in the hollows of the corrugations. Sleeves made of mosquito nets are put on perforated pipes to protect pipes from clogging and shredded green mass getting into them.

Shelter of the silo trench meets the requirements of sealing, mechanical strength and ultraviolet resistance, and is also protection from precipitation, freezing, birds and rodents. In order to create optimal conditions for effective evacuation and for the life of lactic acid bacteria, a thin vacuum film 13 is placed under the silo film 12, which tightly fits the surface of the silo mass, prevents gas exchange and protects the mass from pollution. A protective metal twisted mesh 14 with a mesh size of 4.6 × 7.8 mm is laid on top of the covering silo film 12, which also uniformly presses the silo film over the entire area and serves to protect against birds, small animals, rodents, as well as from wind and atmospheric precipitation. To prevent damage to the film by 12 rodents, a layer of lime-fur was poured on it. On top of the mesh 14, bags with crushed stone 15 are laid to create an additional static load, to maintain a vacuum and hold covering materials. Bags with crushed stone better fit to the surface of the silage and absorb less moisture than sandbags. Bags with crushed stone are more practical than often used automobile tires, as The rounded shape of the tires does not give a snug fit to the film. In addition, air heated by the sun accumulates between the tires and inside them, which leads to thermal damage to the film. To eliminate the freezing of the shelter and the upper layer of the silo, the trench is covered from above with a layer of straw 50-60 cm high.

The device operates as follows.

On the entire surface of the bottom of the first compartment of the trench they lay a polyethylene silo film of the required size to form the bottom and sides of the bonded first compartment-bag. The edges of the film on the three sides of the bag-bag are raised on the edge (top) of the trench, released over its sides and fixed.

A system of pipes and hoses is laid at the bottom of the bag-compartment to drain the gas-liquid medium through a system of perforated pipes and create a vacuum using a vacuum pump. The ends of the pipes are brought to the surface of the trench and connected by a common collector.

Download and level the silage in the bag compartment. The volume of the silage mass is taken with an excess of 1-1.5 m above the side of the trench, taking into account precipitation during vacuum compaction. A vacuum film 13 is placed on top of the silage mass. A polyethylene silo film is placed on top - the cover. The edges of the silo film of the bag-compartment are hermetically connected (welded) with the edges of the polyethylene cover, forming a closed bag-compartment with a silo mass.

To protect against rodents and birds, a layer of lime-cannon is poured over the lid and a twisted metal mesh with a mesh size of 4.6 × 7.8 mm is laid. On top of a metal mesh stack bags of crushed stone. For thermal insulation of the feed, a 50-60 cm layer of straw is placed on top of the bags with crushed stone.

Further, the whole sequence of work on the device of the first compartment-bag and laying silage mass in it is repeated for the second and third compartment-bags. Thus, three separate silo compartments are formed. This creates opportunities and conditions for high-quality separate siloing and storage of silo using vacuum.

Sealing the crushed green mass laid in the bag compartments 2 after sealing the storage is carried out by removing the gas-liquid medium (silo juice and air) through the perforated pipes 3, 4 using the vacuum pump 10. After pumping the air, the valve 8 of the manifold 7 closes. Due to the difference between atmospheric pressure and pressure in the silo compartments-bags, the green mass is compacted. After this, in the green food densified and isolated from air oxygen, the process of lactic fermentation begins, accompanied by the release of silage juice. Using pump 10, silage juice is pumped out of the bag and discharged into a special container - pit 11.

Before opening the silo bag, it is necessary to remove the straw layer, bags with crushed stone, a metal mesh and clean the top of the polyethylene silo film - the cover. The lid of the bag must be carefully separated, lifted and folded. After removing the required amount of feed, the vertical section is covered with this cover to prevent the ingress of precipitation and exposure to sunlight. The feed intake must be uniform, with a smooth vertical cut, so as not to violate the solidity of the rammed mass.

The proposed device creates the possibility of creating an effective raw material silo conveyor in one silo, which is impossible when using the silos used today.

There is no need for quick laying, sealing and closing the entire volume of the trench in 3-4 days, which is the main condition for standard silo technology in silo trenches (which is very difficult due to weather conditions, breakdowns and lack of agricultural equipment). There is the possibility of laying the feed mass in separate parts-blocks.

Loading, sealing and sealing of the bag compartments in the proposed device is much simpler and more flexible in time, do not require the concentration of a large number of equipment and people. After laying the first (and second) bag compartments, you can hold a temporary pause before laying the next bag compartments in order to wait for the maturation of herbs and corn, i.e. creates the possibility of using green and raw material conveyor. A full conveyor should include a large set of fodder plants with different lengths of the growing season and sown at different times. In the proposed embodiment, the compartments-bags of the silo trench are formed from the elements of the green conveyor as they mature: first, cultural and natural pastures; then - annual and perennial grasses grown on arable land; and finally, corn for silage.

In addition, the proposed device allows you to create separate, isolated volumes of silo in one silo trench and thereby prevent the spread of damage to the silage throughout the trench. This creates the opportunity and conditions for the preservation of high quality silo.

Another advantage of the proposed device is the ability to make custom-made mixtures of various silos for feeding cows from one or more silo trenches. Silo from different bag compartments can be easily mixed, for example, in a feed van to achieve the necessary dietary balance for feeding cows. Dairy farmers will be able to label and store silage bags according to quality, for example, depending on the cut. Thus, the best, high-quality silo can be used when animals most of all require this, for example, during the production of a large amount of milk in the corresponding period in the lactation cycle.

The proposed device makes it possible to perform unloading from only one compartment-bag of the trench, while the other two are not opened, and remain airtight.

Thus, the proposed device creates opportunities for improving the sealing of the silo, reduces the time and improves the quality of compaction of the silage mass, ensures the removal of gas-liquid medium (silo juice and air) from it, intensify the process of lactic acid fermentation and reduce the loss of nutrient and energy substances. This allows you to improve the quality of the resulting silo and to ensure the possibility of its long-term storage without compromising its quality.

Claims (7)

1. A device for block-vacuum siloing of feeds containing a trench buried in the ground, in which green feed, a polyethylene silo film, perforated pipes for pumping air, a common collector and perforated pipes for pumping juice are laid, while the polyethylene silo film consists of two panels , the lower of which is laid on the bottom, the side and end walls of the trench, forming a tank for storing silage, and the upper panel is laid on top of green feed, forming a lid of this tank, perforated pipes for failure air is located in a trench above the level of juice formed in green feed during lactic acid fermentation, the common collector is equipped with a shut-off valve and a nozzle for connection to a vacuum pump, and perforated pipes for pumping juice are located at the bottom of the tank, characterized in that the storage tank the silo consists of three isolated compartments-bags located along the length of the trench, and the upper panel consists of three parts forming the covers of these compartments-bags, while the edges of the covers are hermetically connected nets with the edges of the bag compartments, in each bag compartment there are at least one perforated pipe for pumping air and at least one perforated pipe for pumping juice, interconnected by a connecting pipe, the end of which is removed from the trench above the ground, equipped with a shut-off valve and connected to the ends of the connecting pipes of the other compartments-bags through a common collector. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the cross section of the trench has the shape of a rectangle. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a thin lining vacuum film is laid on top of the green feed in each of the bag compartments. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a layer of lime-cannon is poured on top of the cover of each of the bag compartments. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on top of the cover of each of the bag compartments, a metal twisted mesh with a mesh size of 4.6 x 7.8 mm is laid. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that bags with crushed stone are laid over a twisted metal mesh. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that a layer of straw is laid on top of the bags with crushed stone.

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