RU2640884C1 - Method of application of active coal feed additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: method of applying the active coal feed additive is to introduce into the diet of sheep an active coal feed additive in a dose 1 g on 10 kg of living mass.EFFECT: feeding the feed additive ensures the improvement of digestion processes, increasing digestibility and nutrient utilisation of fodders, which increases the average daily weight of sheep.5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and relates to active coal feed additives for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of farm animals.

One of the effective ways to increase the adaptive capabilities of the animal organism is to optimize and stimulate physiological functions using biologically active substances and their complexes as biocorrectors of various parts of the digestive and metabolic processes [Ernst, L.K., Zinovieva N.A. Biotechnology in animal husbandry / Moscow. 2008 .-- 510 p. (one)]. Based on the existing knowledge about the patterns and characteristics of the digestive and metabolic processes in the body of ruminants, it was found that the imbalance of diets, an increase in the percentage of concentrates in them cause disturbances in the gastric digestion, and a decrease in the digestion and absorption capacity of the digestive tract [Aliev A.A. Metabolism in ruminants / M.: Research Center Engineer, 1997.420 s. (2); Aliev A.A. The relationship between the metabolism of acetate and choline in animals and birds / Actual problems of biology in animal husbandry. - Borovsk. 2001.S. 205-214. (3)]. Also in the practice of modern animal husbandry it is allowed to use diets unbalanced in basic nutrients, feeding poor-quality and contaminated feeds with substances of various origin, containing anti-nutritional substances and xenobiotics (pesticides, nitrates, dioxins, etc.), mycotoxins [Romanov V.N. Bogolyubova N.V., Chabaev M.G., Nekrasov R.V., Devyatkin V.A., Laptev G.Yu., Novikova N.I., Ilyina L.A., Nikonov I.N. Optimization of the digestive, metabolic processes and liver functions in dairy cattle: monograph / Dubrovitsy. 2015, 152 p. (four)].

The incidence of young farm animals with gastrointestinal dyspepsia reaches 60-90%. This is due primarily to a violation of the technology of keeping and feeding animals, as well as the imperfection of the natural protection of their body against the effects of adverse environmental factors. Gastrointestinal diseases of calves cause enormous damage to animal husbandry due to high morbidity and mortality, costs of medical measures, decrease in productive qualities and breeding value of animals. Despite the fact that a lot of work has been devoted to the study of this problem, and many schemes have been proposed for the treatment and prevention of this group of diseases, still to this day it has not been possible to achieve 100% preservation of young animals.

Relevant is the direction of work on the creation of highly effective feed additives with a metabolic and immunological profile of action, including amino acids, vitamins, enzymes, pre- and probiotic preparations, xenobiotic adsorbents [Tremasova A.M. Pharmaco-toxicological substantiation of the use of the natural mineral shungite and preparations based on it, polysorbine and polysorb nanosorbents in veterinary medicine / Diss. for the degree of doctor biol. Sciences / Kazan, 2014.351 s. (5)].

In animal husbandry for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, as well as the neutralization of xenobiotics and mycotoxins, various types of sorbents are used (clay materials, zeolites, verminites, bentonites and various polymeric substances) [Belkin B.L. The influence of Khotynets natural zeolites on physiological functions, immunological parameters and productivity of animals and birds // Materials of the international scientific-practical conference / Actual problems of veterinary medicine: Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy. Ulyanovsk, 2003. (6); Kuznetsov S.G. The use of natural zeolites in livestock. Overview of NIITET. M .: Agroprom, 1994.S. 31-32. (7); Radchikov S.V. Change in the content of trace elements and the removal of radionuclides from the organs and tissues of cross-breeding young cattle while feeding zeolite additives: abstract of diss. Candidate of Biological Sciences // MGAVMiB. M .: 2000.S. 13-30. (8); Romanov G.A. Zeolites in the agricultural sector of Russia. Use of natural zeolites in the national economy. Novosibirsk, 1991. Part 1. (9); Shadrin A.M., Luchko G.V., Styunin A.D. et al. Use of pegasins in animal husbandry for disease prevention and productivity improvement // Natural zeolites in the national economy. Novosibirsk, 1990.S. 164-165. (10); Tsitsishvili G.V., Andronikashvili T.G., Kirov G.N. et al. Natural zeolites. M., 1985. (11)]. There are reports that natural sorbents in the rumen of ruminants regulate biochemical processes, the amount of ammonia and ammonia nitrogen, stabilize the reaction of the medium, increase the content of volatile fatty acids, activate the fermentation of carbohydrates, the biosynthesis of microbial protein and some enzymes [Grabovensky II, Kalachnyuk G. AND. Zeolites and bentonites in animal husbandry. - Uzhhorod: Carpathians, 1984. 71 p. (12); Kuznetsov S.G. The use of natural zeolites in livestock. Overview of NIITET. M .: Agroprom, 1994.S. 31-32. (7)]. When feeding natural sorbents, the body's resistance increases, as does body weight gain. They prevent gastrointestinal upsets in animals.

Of particular interest is the use of activated carbon for the prevention and treatment of poisoning of farm animals with mycotoxins and other harmful substances. Studies have found that feeding cows of activated charcoal at a dose of 2.5 g / kg of dry matter of the diet increases milk yield by 4.0%, allows you to get an additional 6.9 kg of milk fat and 7.6 kg of milk protein lactation. The introduction of activated carbon (2.5 g / kg dry matter ration) into the diets of cows contributed to a decrease in the level of milk: Cu - by 52.5%; Pb by 64.4% and Cl by 69.2% and in cheese - Cu by 58.2%; Pb - by 83.0% and Cl - by 85.1% [Tsutsieva A.U., Teziev T.K., Kebekov M.E. Feeding activated carbon to cows as a sorbent for reducing TM in milk / Materials dokl. Int. scientific and practical. conf. "Environmentally friendly technologies in agricultural production of the 21st century." Vladikavkaz, 2000. With 518. (13)].

The aim of the present invention is to develop a method of using an active coal feed additive to increase the productivity of sheep, which consists in introducing into the diet of ruminants an active coal feed additive in a dose of 1 g per 10 kg of live weight.

Active coal feed additive (AUKD) is made from finely fractionated active charcoal. In appearance it is a black grain without mechanical impurities. The drug has a high adsorption ability against mycotoxins and other harmful substances. Contains significant amounts of macro- and micronutrients in an accessible form for pets. The additive is fully compatible with all components of the feed, thermostable at a temperature of 120 ° C. Active coal feed additive has a selective adsorption effect, which allows you to maintain the activity of vitamins, minerals and other ingredients in the feed and intestines [Active coal feed additive. Specifications, 2014 Nizhny Novgorod (14)].

Production experience was carried out at the physiological courtyard of VIZh them. L.K. Ernst using the method of period groups on sheep of various genotypes (Romanovskaya breed and Arkhar Romanovskaya hybrid), aged 7-8 months, with a live weight of 30 kg, operated on with the application of scar fistulas. With the main ration (RR), experimental animals received hay from the national team hedgehogs and feed.

For animals from experimental groups, the diet included an active coal supplement (AUKD) in the amount of 1 g per 10 kg of live weight. Animals were fed 2 times a day with an interval of 12 hours. Watering was carried out freely. During the preliminary and accounting periods, the prescribed feeds and their residues were recorded. During the accounting period, average daily samples of feed, their residues, feces and urine were taken according to the generally accepted methodology for conducting digestion experiments [Tomme MF Methods for determining the digestibility of feed and rations. M .: Kolos, 1969.39 s. (fifteen)].

Physiological studies include carrying out a balance experiment on the digestibility and assimilation of food nutrients using generally accepted methods, with a preliminary equalization period (14 days), then the preliminary feeding period of the drug itself (21 days), and the reference (7 days) [Ovsyannikov A.I. . Fundamentals of experimental work in animal husbandry / Moscow: Kolos, 1976. 303 p. (16)].

The metabolism that underlies the vital activity of a living organism is characterized by the unity and close interconnection of all ongoing processes. The main elements that make up the metabolism in animals is the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Blood is in the closest contact with all organs and tissues, therefore, it reflects a change in the basic biochemical processes in the body.

Analysis of biochemical and hematological blood tests (table 2) showed that the use of active coal feed additives in sheep rations did not negatively affect the indicators of protein, fat, carbohydrate, mineral metabolism and the content of formed elements. All biochemical parameters were within acceptable physiological norms.

Urea formed in the liver during the neutralization of ammonia is the final product of nitrogen metabolism, which can be used to judge the intensity and depth of protein transformations in the body. A decrease in the urea concentration in animals of the experimental groups by 22.8 and 15.5% is also confirmed by a decrease in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen.

The level of glucose in the blood is one of the most important parameters characterizing carbohydrate metabolism. It is a source of energy in all vital processes occurring in the body. In our studies, the blood glucose level of sheep of the experimental groups was higher by 0.17-0.48 Mmol / L, which may indicate a higher energy supply of their body when receiving active coal feed additives with the diet.

A decrease in the level of bilirubin by 40.8% (P <0.05) and cholesterol by 15.8% (P <0.05) in the blood serum of animals of the experimental groups may indirectly reflect an improvement in the functional activity of the liver and suggest the antitoxic role of active coal feed additives.

Alkaline phosphatase catalyzes the hydrolysis of orthophosphoric acid monoesters and is a marker enzyme that reflects the state of mineral and, in particular, calcium-phosphorus metabolism. During the experiment, the activity of alkaline phosphatase in animals of the experimental groups was lower, which may indicate an increase in the energy supply of tissue cells in the form of ATP.

Mineral metabolism in experimental animals was characterized by the same values of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron in the blood of experimental and control.

There were slight fluctuations in the direction of decrease or increase without significance of the difference. The content of mineral substances was within the physiological norms (table 3), which eliminates the leaching of these compounds from the animal when feeding them an active coal feed additive and its negative effect on mineral metabolism.

A hematological analysis of the blood of experimental sheep showed a slight increase in hemoglobin, as well as a decrease in the white blood cell count when feeding an active coal feed supplement by 78.2 and 62.7% (table 4).

The degree of satisfaction of the animal's need for energy, nutrient and biologically active substances can be judged by the dynamics of their live weight and the magnitude of the increase. The use of active coal feed additives as part of the rations of ruminants had an impact on the gain in live weight (table 5).

From table 5 it is seen that the lowest average daily gain in live weight was obtained in animals of the control groups — 159.2 and 175.2 g. When the active coal feed additive was included in the diets for Romanov’s sheep, this indicator was 11.5% compared to control sheep. The difference compared with the control animals in the group of hybrids in the average daily gain was 16.0%. These data are confirmed by the fact that in the body of the sheep of the experimental groups, nitrogen was deposited more than the control.

The use of active coal feed additives in the diets of growing Romanovsk sheep and their hybrids with argali contributes to an increase in the consumption of the main feed of the diet by 2.0% and 8.4% on a dry matter basis, in conjunction with an improvement in the digestion processes in the pancreas and the lower sections of the gastrointestinal tract.

The use of an active coal feed additive in sheep contributed to an increase in VFA formation to 13.8%, with a decrease in the concentration of ammonia in the cicatricial content to 22.9% (P <0.05), as well as an increase in the amylolytic activity of enzymes to 29% (P <0.001 )

The addition of an active coal feed additive to the diets of sheep did not adversely affect the indicators of protein, fat, carbohydrate, mineral metabolism and the content of formed elements. All biochemical parameters, as well as the content of mineral substances were within the permissible physiological norms. A decrease in the level of bilirubin by 40.8% (P <0.05) and cholesterol by 15.8% (P <0.05) in the blood serum of animals that received an active carbon supplement in their diets may reflect its antitoxic role in improving functional liver activity.

The introduction of active coal feed additives into diets contributed to the optimization of digestion, increased digestibility and the use of nutrients in ruminant feeds, which led to increased productivity (average daily weight gain of sheep increased by 11.5-16.0%).

Information sources

1. Ernst, L.K., Zinoviev N.A. Biotechnology in animal husbandry / Moscow. 2008 .-- 510 p.

2. Aliev A.A. Metabolism in ruminants / M.: Research Center Engineer, 1997.420 s.

3. Aliev A.A. The relationship between the metabolism of acetate and choline in animals and birds / Actual problems of biology in animal husbandry. - Borovsk. 2001.S. 205-214.

4. Romanov V.N., Bogolyubova N.V., Chabaev M.G., Nekrasov R.V., Devyatkin V.A., Laptev G.Yu., Novikova N.I., Ilyina L.A., Nikonov I.N. Optimization of the digestive, metabolic processes and liver functions in dairy cattle: monograph / Dubrovitsy. 2015, 152 p.

5. Tremasova A.M. Pharmaco-toxicological substantiation of the use of the natural mineral shungite and preparations based on it, polysorbine and polysorb nanosorbents in veterinary medicine / Diss. for the degree of doctor biol. Sciences / Kazan, 2014.351 s.

6. Belkin B.L. The influence of Khotynets natural zeolites on physiological functions, immunological parameters and productivity of animals and birds // Materials of the international scientific-practical conference / Actual problems of veterinary medicine: Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy. Ulyanovsk, 2003.

7. Kuznetsov S.G. The use of natural zeolites in livestock. Overview of NIITET. M .: Agroprom, 1994.S. 31-32.

8. Radchikov S.V. Change in the content of trace elements and the removal of radionuclides from the organs and tissues of cross-breeding young cattle while feeding zeolite additives: abstract of diss. Candidate of Biological Sciences // MGAVMiB. M .: 2000.S. 13-30.

9. Romanov G.A. Zeolites in the agricultural sector of Russia. The use of natural zeolites in the national economy. Novosibirsk, 1991. Part 1.

10. Shadrin A.M., Luchko G.V., Styunin A.D. et al. Use of pegasins in animal husbandry for disease prevention and productivity improvement // Natural zeolites in the national economy. Novosibirsk, 1990.S. 164-165.

11. Tsitsishvili G.V., Andronikashvili T.G., Kirov G.N. et al. Natural zeolites. M., 1985.

12. Grabovensky I.I., Kalachnyuk G.I. Zeolites and bentonites in animal husbandry. - Uzhhorod: Carpathians, 1984. 71 p.

13. Tsutsieva A.U., Teziev T.K., Kebekov M.E. Feeding activated carbon to cows as a sorbent for reducing TM in milk / Materials dokl. Int. scientific and practical. conf. "Environmentally friendly technologies in agricultural production of the 21st century." Vladikavkaz, 2000.S. 518.

14. Active coal feed additive. Specifications, 2014 Nizhny Novgorod.

15. Tomme M.F. Methods for determining the digestibility of feed and rations. M .: Kolos, 1969.39 s.

16. Ovsyannikov A.I. Fundamentals of experimental work in animal husbandry / Moscow: Kolos, 1976. 303 p.

Claims (1)

The method of application of the active coal feed additive, characterized in that it consists in introducing into the diet of the sheep an active coal feed additive in a dose of 1 g per 10 kg of live weight.