RU2767331C1 - Method to increase quail productivity - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a method for increasing productivity of quails grown for meat. Method is characterized by the fact that for 28 days, starting from day old, active carbon feed additive is introduced into the basic diet of quails in amount of 0.1 % by weight of the fodder.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow to increase quail productivity.

1 cl, 7 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and concerns the use of active coal feed additives to increase the productivity of quails grown for meat.

Poultry farming, especially recently, due to the intensity of poultry growth, the high quality of the resulting meat products and the quick payback, is a profitable industry, so the use of new feeds and feed additives, as well as finding ways to reduce the cost of meat production is an urgent task [Basyrov A., Gadiev R. Glauconite in the diets of meat goslings // Poultry farming. - 2012. -№1. - S. 35-36 (1)].

Complete feeding of poultry is the most important component of industrial technologies for poultry farming. The organization of rational feeding should be based on taking into account the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the bird, which determine the specifics of digestion and metabolism in different species and age groups [Kononenko S., Osepchuk D., Pyshmantseva N., Bolobolov A., Savosko V. Peculiarities of breeding geese // Compound feed. - 2011. - No. 3. - S. 77-78 (2)].

Obtaining additives from raw materials of plant origin is aimed at increasing the efficiency of logging production. After all, huge forest biomass wastes pollute the environment, and their processing will make it possible to obtain a new type of biologically active and feed additives for farm animals and poultry [Afanas'eva, A.S. The use of sapropel as a biological additive in animal husbandry / Afanas'eva A.S., Voenbender L.A., Tyurina L.E. // Proceedings of the VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference of Young Scientists. - Krasnoyarsk. - 2015. - S. 89-91 (3)].

In animal husbandry, for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, as well as the neutralization of xenobiotics and mycotoxins, various types of sorbents (clays, zeolites, verminites, bentonites and various polymeric substances) are used [Kuznetsov S.G. The use of natural zeolites in animal husbandry. Overview information NIITET. M.: Agroprom, 1994. S. 31-32 (4)].

Of particular interest is the use of activated carbon for the prevention and treatment of poisoning of farm animals with mycotoxins and other harmful substances. Studies have found that feeding cows with activated carbon at a dose of 2.5 g/kg of dry matter increases milk yield by 4.0%, allows you to receive an additional 6.9 kg of milk fat and 7.6 kg of milk protein lactation. The introduction of activated charcoal (2.5 g/kg of dry matter of the diet) into the diets of cows contributed to a decrease in the level of content in milk: Cu - by 52.5%; Pb by 64.4% and Cl by 69.2% and in cheese - Cu - by 58.2%; Pb - by 83.0% and Cl - by 85.1%) [Tsutsieva A.U., Teziev T.K., Kebekov M.E. Feeding activated carbon to cows as a sorbent to reduce HM in milk / Proceedings of reports. International scientific and practical. conf. "Environmentally friendly technologies in agricultural production of the 21st century". Vladikavkaz, 2000, p. 518(5)].

It is known about the use of herbal supplements from medicinal herbs and plants in the feeding of farm animals and poultry. Based on the research results, it has been established that in order to increase production efficiency, it is recommended to include complex feed additives in the main diet of laying hens of any age period, consisting of: 1.5-3.5% herbal flour of medicinal wild plants, 0.5% flour from cones of dwarf cedar and 0.5% flour from brown seaweed (kelp) [Ignatovich, L.S. Additives from local vegetable raw materials in the diets of laying hens / L.S. Ignatovich // Poultry and poultry products. - 2015. - No. 5. - S. 12-15 (6)].

The use of modern technologies for the production and standardization of the resulting components, their experimental and industrial testing allow the widespread use of plant extracts in animal nutrition as the latest generation of biologically active additives based on raw materials of natural origin. Under conditions of intensive livestock breeding technologies, phytobiotics neutralize such phenomena as a decrease in the immune and antioxidant status of animals, provide an increase in all types of productivity by improving consumption, digestibility, digestibility of feed, normalizing intestinal microflora and homeostasis in general [Bagno, O.A. Phytobiotics in feeding farm animals / O.A. Bagno, O.N. Prokhorov, S.A. Shevchenko, A.I. Shevchenko, T.V. Dyadichkina // Agricultural biology. - 2018. - V. 53. - No. 4. - S. 687-697 (7)].

A known method of growing broiler chickens with the combined use of the sorbent "ToxiNon" and the probiotic "Sporotermin". The average daily gain in live weight of broilers of the 3rd experimental group was higher than in the control, in the 1st (drinking the probiotic "Monosporin") and the 2nd (feeding the adsorbent "ToxiNon") experimental groups by 6.8; 2.5; 2.1 g (by 15.2; 5.2 and 4.3%) [RF Patent 2632935 "Method of improving product quality when growing broiler chickens" (8)].

The introduction of an active coal feed additive at a dose of 1 g per 10 kg of live weight into the diets of growing sheep of the Romanov breed and their hybrids with argali contributes to an increase in the consumption of the main feed of the diet by 2.0% and 8.4% in terms of dry matter, in conjunction with the improvement of processes digestion in the pancreas and lower gastrointestinal tract. The use of active coal feed additives helped to optimize digestion, increase digestibility and use of nutrients in ruminant feed, which led to an increase in productivity (the average daily weight gain of sheep increased by 11.5-16.0%) [RF Patent 2640884 "Method of using active coal feed additives" " (nine)].

The objective of the present invention is to develop a method for using an active carbon feed additive to increase the productivity of quails grown for meat.

The method for increasing the productivity of quails grown for meat is characterized by the fact that for 28 days, starting from the daily age, active coal feed additive is introduced into the main diet of quails in the amount of 0.1% by weight of the feed.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the intensity of quail growth, reduce feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain, increase the profitability of production.

Active carbon feed additive (AUCF) [RF Patent 2522958 (10)] is produced by LLC Scientific and Technical Center "Khiminvest" (Nizhny Novgorod) and is designed to protect animals from the influence of feed and environmental toxicants, and to obtain environmentally safe products. AUCD contains, as a sorption material, finely fractionated activated carbon with a particle size of 0.1 to 2 mm, obtained from softwoods, and an aqueous solution of a bioactive coniferous extract in the following ratio, wt.%: an aqueous solution of a bioactive coniferous extract - 10-30 , finely fractionated activated carbon - 70-90. Belongs to class 4 - substances of low hazard. The use of AUKD does not cause a deterioration in the condition of animals, on the contrary, it has a positive effect on their productivity. It is used as a sorbent of toxins in feed for cattle, pigs, poultry, and fish. In AUKD, due to a special patented method of manufacturing a sorbent, a large number of pores are provided, in which the removed substances settle [RF Patent 2531933 (11)].

The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of industrial applicability, as it can be used when feeding quails grown for meat.

In 2020, in the vivarium conditions of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution KNTsZV, in accordance with the generally accepted methodology for conducting scientific and industrial research on feeding poultry (VNITIP, 2000), an experiment was conducted on Texas quails,

By the method of pairs-analogues were formed 4 groups of 40 heads. All birds were kept under the same conditions (cage equipment with free access to food and water). The duration of the experiment was 42 days, the compound feed consisted of wheat, corn, sunflower and soybean meal, fish meal. Compound feed for quails was rich in protein - 21.97%. The nutritional value of the compound feed corresponded to the generally accepted detailed feeding norms and satisfied all the needs of the bird of this species.

According to the experimental scheme, the first (control) group received complete feed without additives. The birds of the second group were fed the main diet with active carbon feed additive (AUCF) in the amount of 0.05%, by weight of the feed. The third and fourth groups received mixed fodder according to the scheme of the second group, with a feed additive in the amount of 0.08 and 0.10%, by weight of the feed, by groups, respectively.

According to the data obtained, it was found that the use of the studied AUKD in diets for the third group contributed to a significant increase in the live weight of quails by 3.0 and 5.1%, on days 28 and 42, respectively. In the fourth group, the average live weight of the birds was higher than the control - by 3.1% at 28 days and by 6.9% at 42 days.

At the same time, the live weight of females at the end of the experiment in groups 3 and 4 with a high degree of reliability (P≥0.99 and P≥0.999) was higher than the control analogues by 7.7 and 9.4%, respectively. Based on the data on the dynamics of the live weight of poultry, the average daily gains in live weight were calculated (Table 2).

The first two weeks of the experiment, the average daily gain in live weight of quails of all groups were practically all the same. In the period of 15-28 days, this indicator in the third and fourth experimental groups, which received AUKD in the amount of 0.08 and 0.10%, by weight of the feed, respectively, was higher than the control value by 3.3%. During the growing period from 29 to 42 days of poultry rearing, in the second, third and fourth groups, the average daily gain in live weight was higher than the control by 6.5, 9.7 and 16.1%, respectively.

In general, during the experiment, the gross live weight gain of poultry in the experimental groups was higher than in the control group by 2.3, 5.3 and 7.1%, respectively.

During the experiment, safety in the first and second groups was the same and amounted to 97.5%. As the content of AUKD in the diets increased, the safety of the livestock increased. So, in the 3rd group, the safety of the livestock was higher than in the first two and amounted to 98.8%, and in the 4th group 100.0%.

According to the data of daily strict accounting of feed consumption, the average daily feed consumption of poultry was calculated (Table 3).

Feed intake by quails in all groups was within acceptable limits for this type of bird and its age. Table 5 shows the cost of feed per 1 kg of live weight gain.

In the period of 1-14 days, the feed costs in the first, second and third groups were almost the same. Whereas in the fourth group, feed costs were lower than control by 1.3%.

In the second period of growing meat quails, as the content of AUKD in diets increased, a decrease in feed costs was found in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups by 2.4 and 4.1%, respectively, and in the 4th group by 2.9%, relative to the control.

From 29 to 42 days of the scientific experiment, feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain in groups 2, 3 and 4 were lower than the control ones by 5.7, 9.0 and 14.2%, respectively.

For the entire experience, feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain in the first group amounted to 3.07 kg. Whereas, in groups receiving AUKD, in the amount of 0.05, 0.08 and 0.10% of the feed weight, this indicator was lower by 2.6, 4.9 and 6.5%, respectively.

At the end of the experiment, a control slaughter of birds was carried out, 3 heads from each group, in order to carry out anatomical cutting of carcasses and study the development of internal organs (Tables 5, 6).

In groups 2, 3 and 4, there was a tendency to increase the weight of the gutted carcass by 2.7, 2.2 and 4.4%, respectively, in comparison with the control.

According to the results of biometric processing, a significant (P≥0.95) increase in the mass of the femoral muscles in the second group by 13.0% was established, compared with the control. And in the third and fourth with a high degree of reliability (P≥0.99) by 12.4 and 17.1%, respectively, relative to the control.

The use of AUKD in diets for groups 3 and 4 contributed to a significant (P≥0.999 and P≥0.95) increase in leg muscle mass by 17.2 and 14.6%, respectively, relative to the control indicator. This indicator, in relation to the gutted carcass, in the 3rd group was significantly (P≥0.99) higher than the control and amounted to 7.31%.

The data on the mass of internal organs indicate that there was an upward trend in almost all indicators in the experimental groups. However, in group 4, the length of the intestine (P≥0.999) and the length of the blind processes (P≥0.99) decreased significantly by 15.0 and 17.2%, respectively, compared with the control group.

In general, the development and weight of the internal organs of quails corresponded to the species, age and physiological state of the bird.

Table 7 presents the calculations of the economic efficiency of growing quails for meat in the experiment.

When calculating the economic efficiency of growing quails, it was found that in the second, third and fourth groups, the cost of gross output increased by 2.3, 5.3 and 7.1%, respectively, in comparison with the control.

Feed consumption for the experience in all groups was almost the same. The cost index of 1 kg of live weight gain in the experimental groups, relative to the control group, decreased by 2.5% - in the second, by 4.8% - in the third and by 6.4% - in the fourth. Since the cost of gross output in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups is higher than in the control, the indicator of profit per head was higher by 4.1, 9.0 and 12.1%, by groups, respectively.

The level of profitability, with the inclusion of AUKD in the amount of 0.05, 0.08 and 0.1% by weight of the feed, increased by 6.1, 12.0 and 16.4%, respectively, relative to the control indicator.

Thus, according to the results of a scientific experiment, it was found that the inclusion of AUQD in the diets of quails in the amount of 0.1% by weight of the feed contributed to an increase of 9.4% in their average weight, allowed to reduce feed costs by 6.5%, contributed to an increase by 17, 1% of the mass of the thigh muscles in the carcass, the level of profitability of raising quails for meat increased by 16.4%. AUCD contributes to 100.0% livestock safety, does not adversely affect the development of the internal organs of the bird.

Sources of information:

1. Basyrov A., Gadiev R. Glauconite in the diets of meat goslings // Poultry farming. - 2012. - No. 1. - S. 35-36.

2. Kononenko S., Osepchuk D., Pyshmantseva N., Bolobolov A., Savosko V. Peculiarities of breeding geese // Mixed feed. - 2011. - No. 3. - S. 77-78.

3. Afanas'eva A.S. The use of sapropel as a biological additive in animal husbandry / Afanas'eva A.S., Voenbender L.A., Tyurina L.E. // Proceedings of the VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference of Young Scientists. - Krasnoyarsk. - 2015. - S. 89-91.

4. Kuznetsov S.G. The use of natural zeolites in animal husbandry. Overview information NIITET. M.: Agroprom, 1994. S. 31-32.

5. Tsutsieva A.U., Teziev T.K., Kebekov M.E. Feeding activated carbon to cows as a sorbent to reduce HM in milk / Proceedings of reports. International scientific and practical. conf. "Environmentally friendly technologies in agricultural production of the 21st century". Vladikavkaz, 2000. P. 518.

6. Ignatovich, L.S. Additives from local vegetable raw materials in the diets of laying hens / L.S. Ignatovich // Poultry and poultry products. - 2015. - No. 5. - S. 12-15.

7. Bagno, O.A. Phytobiotics in feeding farm animals / O.A. Bagno, O.N. Prokhorov, S.A. Shevchenko, A.I. Shevchenko, T.V. Dyadichkina // Agricultural biology. - 2018. - V. 53. - No. 4. - S. 687-697.

8. RF patent 2632935 "Method of improving the quality of products when growing broiler chickens".

9. RF patent 2640884 "Method of using active coal feed additive".

10. RF patent 2522958 "Active coal feed additive".

11. RF patent 2531933 "Method of obtaining charcoal sorbent".

Claims (1)

A method for increasing the productivity of quails grown for meat, characterized in that for 28 days, starting from the daily age, active carbon feed additive is introduced into the main diet of quails in the amount of 0.1% by weight of the feed.