RU2640828C2 - Method of growing raspberry and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: tying raspberry stalks on trellises, harvesting, pruning off shoots which bore fruit and bending newly grown shoots are carried out. The raspberry growing time is divided into at least three periods. Tying the stalks of the whole row of raspberries is carried out on trellises by means of inclinable supports. The stalks are bent by the trellises to one side, and the supports are fixed in the inclined position. The bent raspberry stalks are held in the inclined position till fruiting shoots grow on them upwards. After ending the shoot formation, the raspberry stalks are bent with the trellises by turning the supports in the direction opposite the original inclination, with directing the raspberry shoots downwards. After harvesting, until finishing the formation of new raspberry stalks, the shoots that bore fruit are bent to the ground at an angle of 80-90°, or freed from the trellises. To ensure the favourable overwintering, the newly grown raspberry stalks are fixed on the trellises and bent to the ground in the direction opposite from the inclination of the stalks that bore fruit to the angle of 80-90°. They are held in this position the whole winter period. The device includes supports with a base and trellises, inclinable by means of the swivel connection in the direction transverse relative to the raspberry row. Each support is equipped with a mechanism for fixing it in at least five positions on each side of the supports - vertical, two inclined and two horizontal. Fixing the supports is carried out by means of a pin installed in an opening on the support and in openings corresponding to it. The openings are made on a sector rigidly fixed on the base for fixing the inclinable support.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of harvesting raspberries by the mechanized method, improving the raspberry growth in the spring period.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, to horticulture, in particular to technology for growing raspberries and to the design of trellises, providing the implementation of the method.

There is a device and method for tying raspberries in vertical and horizontal positions, see RF patent No. 2275006 A 01G 1/0, fixed by stems to the trellis. The device contains supports and trellis in the form of rods with a tensioned wire and fastening elements. The trellis is double in the form of two parallel trellis, at a distance of about 0.5 m from each other, while the paired extreme trellis, in the form of rigid rods, and the intermediate rods along a row of trellis are located at a distance of about 2.5 m from each other and are connected in the upper end parts of one another with quick-release rods. The intermediate rods are made of wire with rings evenly spaced in height. In the lower end parts of the rods, the rings are made at a height of about 0.25 m and 0.5 m and are located transverse to the upper rings of the plane. The fastening element of the raspberry stalk in a vertical position to the stretched wire is made in the form of a U-shaped with a radius part at the apex in contact with the raspberry stalk, a wire bracket with U-shaped interacting with a stretched wire, the end parts formed in a plane transverse relative to the plane of the bracket. One of the end parts of the bracket is pressed against the straight portion of the U-shaped bracket, forming a closed loop with its rotation around the tensioned wire. The gap between the other end of the U-shaped part of the U-shaped bracket and the tensioned wire, when the closed part of the bracket is mounted on the wire, is approximately 20 mm in size, which allows passage without delay of the raspberry stem, which in the formed triangle of the U-shaped bracket, docked to the stretched wire , located with a gap between its parties. For fastening raspberry stalks in a horizontal position, the device contains an arc of wire installed at the base of the raspberry stalk, which is bent on one side by a radius of about 0.25 m and has protrusions in contact with the stem uniformly distributed along the arc transversely curved to both sides. , and on the other hand is made in the form of a straight line. In the upper part of the arc is pivotally mounted rotary, made along the radius, a wire handle in contact with a bent stem of raspberries. In the lower rings of the end parts of adjacent double intermediate trellis wire intermediate rods of each row, quick-release rods are mounted in contact with horizontally mounted raspberry stems on both sides. In the intermediate wire rods in the lower end part of each, at a distance of 0.5 m from the end, the rod is made zigzag for contact with the soil surface. This will improve agro-technical and operational characteristics due to the rational use of double-row trellis, will provide convenience and speed of installation and dismantling of raspberry stalks to and from the trellis, as well as care for raspberry stems fixed both in vertical and horizontal positions.

The disadvantages of the known method and device include the impossibility of mechanized harvesting raspberries.

A better method and device for cultivating raspberries is known, see RF patent 2010491 A01G 1/00. The method provides for the separate cultivation of fruiting stems and young shoots. Fruit-bearing stems are fixed at an angle to the soil surface. Trellis pivotally mounted on supports is used for fixation. Supports are installed along the axis of a number of young shoots. Before smelling the stems, they are released from the trellis, which is transferred to a vertical position. After the fertile shoots have been smelted, the trellis is moved half the width of the row in the direction of the non-plowed aisle. Young shoots are fixed on the trellis in an upright position until the growth of fruit twigs begins and then repeat the cycle. Each row of raspberries is divided in width into two equal parts with a width of B / 2 each. In one, racks (supports) of trellis are installed, each of which is pivotally mounted on a vertical support buried in the soil, and young shoots are grown. In the second half of the row, fruiting stems are grown. Starting from the moment of starting in the growth of fruit twigs, the trellis racks are moved to an inclined position and, using the wires fixed to them, the fruit-bearing stems are fixed at an angle to the soil surface (Fig. 1). This plant formation allows efficient use of a raspberry harvester for picking berries. After the berries are picked, the stems that have been deflated are removed from contact with the wires, and the racks are installed vertically (Fig. 2). Then the prolific portion of the row is smelled. At the same time, the trellis does not interfere with plant care operations.

The disadvantages of this method include the complexity of the method of cultivating raspberries, which requires constant relocation of the supports to a new place, as well as crop loss during harvest by a raspberry harvester, since all raspberry fruits are located on the shoots growing upwards and, when harvesting, there are difficulties in picking up the separated berries that may fall to the ground.

The disadvantages of the device include the lack of structural elements for fixing the position of the rotary supports.

The technical result of the proposed technical solutions of the method and design is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype, in particular, providing mechanized more efficient harvesting of raspberries, mechanized folding of raspberries for the winter period and the accumulation and preservation of snow reserves, and then moisture to ensure the effective growth of raspberries in the spring period of its development .

The technical result of the method is achieved by a combination of the use of well-known features including the garter of raspberry stalks on trellises, harvesting, pruning of fruit-bearing shoots and bending of the newly grown shoots to the ground for the winter period and new signs that raspberry growing time is divided by at least three period: the first after tying the raspberry stalks on the trellises the whole row of raspberries with the help of tilted supports, they are bent with trellises to one side and the supports with raspberries are fixed in an inclined polo stalk, then the bent raspberry stalks are kept in an inclined position until the fruit-bearing shoots grow upward on them, and after the shoots are formed by turning the supports, the raspberry stalks are tapered to the opposite side from the initial slope with the raspberry shoots pointing down, then, after harvesting, after after the formation of new raspberry stalks, the thawed shoots are freed from the trellis or bent to the ground at an angle of 80-90 °, then the newly grown raspberry stems are fixed on the trellis and bent to the ground in the image hydrochloric otplodonosivshie stems from tilting away at an angle 80-90 ° and maintained in this position the whole winter.

The inclination of the trellises with the bending of the raspberry stalks in the first and second periods is carried out at an angle "β" equal to 35-60 °.

The technical result set by the device is achieved by combining well-known features, including supports tilted by means of a hinge joint in the transverse direction with respect to a row of raspberries, and new features, namely, that each support is equipped with a mechanism for fixing it at least in at least five positions - vertical, two inclined and two horizontal positions on opposite sides of the supports using a pin installed in the hole on the support and in accordance Enikeev him openings formed in rigidly fixed on the basis of the sector for fixing tiltable support.

The trellises are double made of wire, the filaments of which are located at a distance of 1.0-5.0 cm from each other.

The swivel of the support with the base is made at a distance of 0.0-10.0 cm from the surface of the earth.

The novelty of the proposed method for growing raspberries is that the raspberry growing time is divided into at least three periods: the first, after tying the raspberry stalks on the trellises, use the tilted supports with the tilted supports, bend them with trellis to one side and fix the raspberries in the inclined position, then the bent stalks of raspberries are kept in an inclined position until the fruit-bearing processes grow on them upwards, and after the end of the formation of the shoots, by turning the supports, the raspberry stalks are tapered to the opposite of the first on the initial inclination of the side with the direction of the raspberry shoots down, then, after harvesting, after the formation of new raspberry stalks, the thawed shoots are freed from the trellis or bent to the ground at an angle of 80-90 °, then the newly grown raspberry stems are fixed on the trellis and bent to the ground in the opposite direction from the slant of the stems that have proliferated, the angle is 80-90 ° and they are kept in this position throughout the winter period.

Thus, signs of flexion after tying raspberry stalks on the trellises of the entire row of raspberries using tilted supports with trellis to one side, fixing the supports in an inclined position and subsequent exposure of the bent raspberry stems in an inclined position until the fruit-bearing shoots grow back on them allows the fruiting processes to grow in one in a given direction - upwards, and after the signs of bending of raspberry stalks are realized with supports with trellis in the opposite direction from the initial inclination with the raspberry shoots pointing down allows the entire raspberry crop to form on the processes located below. This creates the possibility of mechanized harvesting by passing under a row of fructiferous sprouts of raspberry leaf and the passage of the working elements of a combine harvester, providing shaking of the sprouts with fruits, falling fruits on the canvas and pouring raspberries into the collected container.

Signs of the bending of the prolific shoots to the ground, first at an angle of 35-60 ° and then at an angle of 80-90 ° and holding in this position until the moment of bending for the winter period - the end of August - September, in the opposite direction of the newly grown raspberry stems can be left for the winter period sprouting shoots in an inclined position, contributing to snow accumulation and creating the conditions for successful wintering by tilting the newly grown raspberry stalks. In this case, snow accumulation occurs both in the rows of prolific shoots and in the rows of newly grown stems.

The slope of the trellises with the bending of raspberry stems, carried out at an angle "β", equal to 35-60 °, provides optimal growth of shoots up forming a crop on one side of raspberry stalks. At an angle less than 35 °, mechanized harvesting is difficult and the percentage of breakage of raspberry stems increases, and at an angle greater than 60 °, crop formation occurs on processes that are in close proximity to raspberry stems, which makes it difficult to harvest.

The novelty of the proposed device is that each support is equipped with a mechanism for fixing it in at least five positions - vertical, two inclined and two horizontal positions on opposite sides of the supports using a pin installed in the hole on the support and in the corresponding holes made on it rigidly fixed on the base of the sector for fixing the tilt support.

So, the implementation of the support, tilted and fixed in at least five positions, depending on the direction of the rays of the sun, allows you to choose the best option for the growth of raspberries. Fixing raspberry stalks in extreme horizontal positions - positions on both sides of the supports - allows you to fix the shoots in the sloping position for the winter period and keep the raspberry stalks of the future crop almost horizontally and prevent them from freezing out. The fixed positions of the supports can be six and seven or more, depending on the specific growing conditions, with the calculation of the effective provision of shoots and a raspberry shoot with solar energy.

According to the patent information research, no combination of known and new features of the alleged inventions was found in the sources of patent and scientific and technical information, which makes it possible to attribute the claimed features to novelty ones.

Since the proposed combination of features is not known from the existing level of technology and does not follow from it explicitly, and allows you to get a higher and even unexpected result, the proposed essential features and their combination can be considered to have an inventive step.

The description of the implementation of the proposed method, including a specific example, allows it to be attributed to the industry feasible.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows the vertical row of raspberries formed using the proposed method using the proposed device.

In FIG. 2 shows the articulation of the tilt support to the base.

In FIG. 3 shows a row of raspberries, tilted to the left, on which the processes are formed up.

In FIG. 4 schematically shows a view along arrow A — a side view of a row of raspberries.

In FIG. 5 schematically shows a row of raspberries tilted to the right in the opposite direction from the initial tilt with the processes pointing down.

In FIG. 6 shows a view of a row of raspberries in FIG. 5 on the side.

In FIG. 7 shows a row of raspberries bent to the ground at an angle of 90 °. The newly grown stalks of raspberries continue to grow vertically.

In FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a row of newly grown raspberry stems tilted to the left by trellis. On the right is a slightly raised row of prolific stems.

In FIG. 9 shows a row of raspberries in FIG. 8 on the side.

The proposed device, by means of which the proposed method is carried out, consists of swivel bearings 1, fixed with a hinge 2 on the base 3. On the base 3, sector 4 is fixedly fixed with holes 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 fixing the position of the support 1 in an inclined state and a corresponding hole in the support 1. Sector 4 can be made as arched or solid. Double trellis 10 is tensioned between the supports 1. The support 1 is secured to the sector 4 by means of a pin 11 and a cotter pin entering the hole 12. Between the trellis 10 are raspberry stalks 13. Newly growing shoots 14 grow along the longitudinal axis of the row.

The proposed device works, and the proposed method is as follows.

After the usual cultivation of raspberries in the spring, the raspberry stalks 13 are fixed on double trellises 10, which are fixed on the rotary supports 1. After the raspberry stalks 13 are fixed, the whole row of raspberries, using the rotary supports 1, pivotally connected to their base 3, is tilted to one side to the right or to the left and fixed at an angle of 35-60 ° with the help of pins 11 and cotter pins. The angle of inclination is chosen depending on the angle of incidence of sunlight on a row of raspberries. During the growing season of 20-40 days, the raspberry stalks are kept in an inclined state. During this time, processes of 15 grow on stalks of raspberries 13 upwards, on which a berry crop is subsequently formed. After the process of formation of the processes of 15 ends, the entire row of raspberries with the help of the rotary supports 1 and trellises 10 are tilted to the other side (in Fig. 5 the tilt is shown to the right). The processes 15, which previously grew up, are located vertices down. In such an inclined position, raspberries ripen and harvest. Since the whole raspberry berry crop with such a slope of a row of raspberries is located below, it becomes possible to mechanically collect the berries by passing under the inclined stems and processes of raspberries the webs and working bodies of the assembly combine that shake the berries on the webs. Harvesting raspberries can be repeated a few days after a new ripening of berries.

At the end of the harvest, the entire row of prolific stems are tilted in the same direction (to the right) to a larger angle equal to 80-90 °, almost to a horizontal position and hold the raspberry stalks in this position until the end of August - beginning of September until the time of curing, and in our case until the tilt of the newly grown raspberry stalks to the ground, to ensure a more favorable wintering. To do this, the trellis is freed from raspberry stems that have been laid off and secured to the newly grown stems 14. Then, by turning the supports 1 with the trellis 10, the newly grown raspberry stalks bend an angle of 80-90 ° to the ground and leave it for the winter. During the winter, between the newly grown stems and the raspberry stems that have weathered, the snow lingers well and accumulates, which next spring provides a good supply of moisture and the effective development of raspberry stems. In spring, the seedling shoots are cut and removed.

In the first and second periods, the inclination of the trellises with the bending of the raspberry stalks is carried out at an angle "β" equal to 35-60 °, which ensures the maximum use of solar energy by raspberry plants.

Signs of double trellis made of wire, the filaments of which are located at a distance of 1.0-5.0 cm from each other, and the implementation of the articulated connection of the support with the base at a distance of 0.0-10.0 cm from the ground surface are additional signs, directed to achieve the technical solution posed by the invention.

A specific example of the proposed method.

At the control site of the Institute of Horticulture. Lisavenko, Barnaul, on 6 hundred parts, was planted in rows by raspberries of the Barnaul variety. Each row of raspberries was equipped with swivel bearings. Initially, the raspberry stalks were fixed between the trellis and tilted the rows at an angle of 45 ° in a western direction so that the sun's rays illuminated the raspberry plantings for the longest daytime. After the processes were formed on the raspberry stalks, all the rows of raspberries with the help of the rotary supports 1, pivotally mounted on the bases, turned in the opposite direction in the east direction. In this case, all the processes of raspberries were from below. After the ripening of the berries, with the help of a prototype of a berry harvester, the berries were harvested. To do this, under a tilted row of raspberry stalks, a combine harvester blade and its working bodies, sticks, were placed. By rotation and oscillatory movements of the sticks, the berries were separated from the processes of raspberries. Four days later, the picking of berries was repeated. Then, after six days, the last harvest of berries was carried out.

The execution of double trellises of wire, the filaments of which are located at a distance of 1.0-5.0 cm from each other, allows you to securely fasten raspberry stalks on the trellis. Performing the articulation of the support with the base at a distance of 0.0-10.0 cm from the surface of the earth allows the newly grown raspberry stalks to be bent as low as possible and closer to the ground for their successful wintering.

Further, the frigging shoots bent with the help of rotary supports to the ground at an angle equal to 80-90 °, and left in this position until the newly grown raspberry stems were bent for winter.

Currently, the authors have made an experimental device for implementing the proposed technology, preliminary tests have shown positive results.

Claims (6)

1. A method of growing raspberries, including garter stalks of raspberries on trellises, harvesting, pruning off the shoots that have grown and bending newly grown shoots to the ground for the winter period, characterized in that the raspberry cultivation time is divided into at least three periods: the first after the garter stems raspberries on trellises the whole row of raspberries is tilted to one side using tilted supports with trellises and the raspberries are fixed in an inclined position, then the bent stalks of raspberries are kept in an inclined position until the branches grow back on them px of fruit-bearing shoots, and after the development of the shoots, by turning the supports, the raspberry stalks tap into the opposite direction from the initial slope with the raspberry shoots pointing downward, then, after harvesting until the formation of new raspberry stalks, the deflated shoots bend to the ground at an angle of 80 90 ° or exempt from the trellis, and then to ensure a favorable wintering, the newly grown raspberry stalks are fixed on the trellis and bent to the ground in the opposite direction from the tilted stems to the corner l 80-90 ° and maintained in this position the whole winter. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the inclination of the trellis with the bending of the raspberry stalks in the first and second periods is carried out at an angle "β" equal to 35-60 °. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the raspberry stems that are prolificated until September are bent with trellis to the ground at an angle of 80-90 °. 4. A device for implementing a method of growing raspberries, including tilted by means of a hinge connection of the support with the base and trellis in the direction transverse to the row of raspberries, characterized in that each support is equipped with a mechanism for fixing it in at least five positions - vertical, two inclined and two horizontal positions on opposite sides of the supports by means of a pin installed in the hole on the support and in the corresponding holes made on a sector rigidly fixed on the base for ksatsii tiltable support. 5. The device according to p. 4, characterized in that the trellis is made double, the wires of which are located at a distance of 1.0-5.0 cm from each other. 6. The device according to p. 4, characterized in that the articulated connection of the support with the base is made at a distance of 0.0-10.0 cm from the surface of the earth.

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