RU2634280C1 - Rooting stimulation method of grape cuttings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: presented method includes cutting cuttings with eyes and their subsequent soaking in an aqueous medium. Wherein two-eyed grape cuttings 7-9 mm thick and about 40 cm long are soaked in the horizontal position in a container with an aqueous medium and held for not more than 48 hours. As an aqueous medium, a condensate of steam obtained from tap water is used.

EFFECT: increasing the yield and quality of scion-rooted grape cuttings.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to viticulture, and can be used in growing grape planting material.

The well-known "Method of grafting grafts", including cutting cuttings, preparing a substrate for stratification and hardening in an aqueous medium, which is used as an electrically activated alkaline water (RF patent No. 2182419, class A01G 17/02, 2002).

There is also known a method of growing root seedlings (L. M. Maltabar, D. M. Kazachenko. Grape nursery (Theory and practice. Features of growing root seedlings.) - Krasnodar. - 2009. - 235 pages - prototype), which is grown from annual ripened or green shoots of a standard thickness of 6-14 mm (the use of thinner ones - 5.5-6 mm, but well ripened) is allowed. A few days before planting (this depends on the technology used to prepare the cuttings for planting), they are cut into cuttings of various lengths from 10 cm to 150 cm.When growing seedlings from shortened cuttings, the underground trunk is usually lengthened due to annual growth. Most often, cuttings are used with a length of 35-40 cm, but in frost-hazardous areas where the root system is damaged, cuttings up to 70 cm long are used. The upper cut is made above the eye, leaving a stump of 1-1.5 cm, and the lower one under the knot at a distance from 0.5 cm. After which it is desirable, but not necessary, to remove the lower eyes, leaving only the two upper ones. Then the cuttings are connected in 100 pieces and subjected to soaking in water for at least 24 and not more than 48 hours. You can soak them in natural reservoirs, pools, vats, barrels, etc. If, after the lock, droplets of liquid protrude on the transverse sections of the thicker cuttings, then the lock is stopped. Each batch of cuttings must be soaked in fresh water, since when soaked, the water gets a musty smell, becomes infected with microorganisms and becomes a source of disease damage to the cuttings. After the lock, the cuttings are subjected to kilcheva. It is used to delay the opening of the eyes and accelerate the formation of root tubercles on the heel of the stem. Shredding is carried out in earthen trenches (ditches), or in hotbeds with upper biological heating and with lower cooling at a temperature in the range of 23-25 ° C for up to 20 days or using local electric heating for 15-18 days while maintaining the temperature at the basal the ends of the cuttings 24-25 ° C. Stigmatization is completed when at least 70% of the cuttings form root tubercles with primordia of roots, callus and with apparently healthy upper eyes. For planting, only viable cuttings are selected that have root primordia at the basal end, and a healthy eye or shoot up to 5 cm long at the apical end. After that, they are planted in the school.

The disadvantage is that after the lock is provided kilchevka cuttings, which requires additional costs of human resources and material resources.

длины в расплавленный антитранспирант, нагретый до температуры около 90°С. После покрытия антитранспирантом черенки связывали в пучки по 10 шт. и помещали на укоренение во влажные пропаренные опилки, уложенные на обогреваемый стеллаж пленочной необогреваемой теплицы. Температуру в нижней части черенков с помощью специального датчика поддерживали на уровне 25-27°С. Опилки регулярно увлажняли теплой водой.The closest in technical essence is the method of preparation of cuttings (article “Features of the manifestation of regenerative ability in cuttings of technical grape varieties from the Institute of grapes and wine“ Magarach ”- the firstborn of Magarach, a gift from Magarach and citron Magarach”, P. P. Radchevsky, Scientific journal KubSAU, No. 114 (10), 2015, p. 4, http://ej.kubagro.ru/2015/10/pdf/93.pdf), in which 40 pieces were cut in the spring. three-eyed cuttings and soaked them for 24 hours in an aqueous medium. After drying, the surface was dipped on

lengths in a molten antiperspirant heated to a temperature of about 90 ° C. After coating with an antiperspirant, the cuttings were bundled in 10 pieces. and placed on the root in moist steamed sawdust laid on a heated rack of a film unheated greenhouse. The temperature in the lower part of the cuttings using a special sensor was maintained at 25-27 ° C. Sawdust was regularly moistened with warm water.

The disadvantage is the underdeveloped root system, which affects the yield and quality of grape seedlings.

The technical result is the formation of planting material of a more developed root system, which allows to increase the yield and quality of root grape seedlings.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of stimulating the rooting of grape cuttings, including slicing cuttings with eyes, their subsequent soaking in an aqueous medium, according to the invention, two-eyed grape cuttings with a thickness of 7-9 mm and a length of about 40 cm in a horizontal position are soaked in a container with an aqueous medium , incubated for no more than 48 hours, while the condensate of steam obtained from tap water is used as the aqueous medium.

The positive effect of the proposed method can be explained by the following physical and biological phenomena:

1. It is believed that the condensate of water vapor, along with magnetized, rain and structured, is one of the forms of activated water. Activation of water occurs during its evaporation followed by condensation. Due to these processes, demineralized water is formed with fewer clusters and their small sizes. Therefore, such clusters, as well as single molecules, more easily penetrate into plant cells.

2. When preparing grape cuttings for rooting, it takes some time from their cut to delivery for germination; during this time, some cuttings dry out, i.e. evaporation of "pure" demineralized water, similar to condensate of water vapor. Therefore, the use of condensate of water vapor allows, due to osmosis, to a greater extent to restore the natural aquatic environment in the cells of the stem, which retained the necessary nutrients for development. Normal tap water has an increased concentration of salts, which adversely affects the phenomenon of osmosis - the penetration of water through a semipermeable membrane of a plant cell into the cell solution.

The proposed method for stimulating regeneration processes in grape cuttings does not require sophisticated equipment for its implementation, contributes to a more economical use of the material of cuttings, increases yield and improves the quality of seedlings. The application of this method can be used for accelerated propagation of valuable grape varieties. The method was carried out on the cuttings of grapes of the variety "Moldova", taken from three different vineyards, as follows.

Two-eye cuttings of Moldova grapes 7–9 mm thick and about 40 cm long were immersed horizontally in a container and soaked for 48 hours in ordinary water (control) or for 48 hours in water condensate. Cuttings treated with a stimulator in the form of condensate of water vapor, as well as ordinary tap water, were immediately planted in packets with a nutrient mixture in the beginning of March - soil, sawdust, humus in a 1: 1: 1 ratio. In each version, there were 100 registration cuttings. The repetition of the experiment is fourfold. We used cuttings from three grape producing farms (Kuban farm KubGAU, AF Pobeda CJSC and Fanagoria-Agro AF Temryuk district of Krasnodar Territory). Germination of cuttings was carried out in a film greenhouse with lower heating. The substrate in containers was regularly watered with water at room temperature. When the antennae appeared on the shoots, the first root top dressing of rooting cuttings with a 0.3% solution of diammofoski was carried out, the second top dressing was carried out 2 weeks after the first. In the first half of May, seedlings were planted in a permanent place.

During the germination of cuttings, the dynamics of opening of the eyes and the dynamics of their rooting were taken into account. Before planting seedlings in a permanent place, the number of cuttings with a opened eye was counted, the number of seedlings with roots, the length of the shoots was measured. On 10 seedlings of each variant, the number of roots formed was calculated. Studies have shown that the output of seedlings from the school depends on the quality of the water. The output of standard seedlings in all three variants using the steam vapor condensate as a stimulant of the regenerative ability of the cuttings turned out to be higher than the control when ordinary tap water was used (tables 1-4).

The effectiveness of the invention is illustrated in the table.

Table 1 shows the results of determining the regeneration activity of grape cuttings of the Moldova variety harvested in the Fanagoria-Agro AF after soaking them both in ordinary tap water and in condensate of water vapor. To assess the effectiveness of the regeneration of grape cuttings, the following were calculated:% cuttings with a opened eye; the duration of the opening of the eyes (in days); average shoot length in cm; total yield of vegetative seedlings in%; output of standard seedlings, i.e. seedlings having at least 3 roots in%; the average number of roots on the handle in pieces; the duration of the pre-root period in days.

Table 2 shows the results of comparing the effectiveness of the proposed method with soaking in ordinary water for grape cuttings of the Moldova variety harvested at the Kuban farm KubGAU, and table 3 shows the results of comparing the effectiveness of the proposed method with soaking water vapor for cuttings in ordinary and condensate Moldova grapes harvested at AF Pobeda CJSC. Table 4 shows the average values from 3 experiments. From the data in the tables it can be seen that the proposed method more effectively stimulates the processes of root and shoot formation, as evidenced by an increase in% of cuttings with blooming eyes with a shorter duration of opening of the eyes, an increase in the length of shoots and the output of vegetative seedlings, a large number of roots on the cuttings and some decrease in duration pre-root period. The condensation of water vapor had a particularly significant effect on the development of the root system. So, in three experimental variants, a significant increase in the number of roots was observed. Thus, as a result of our studies, we found that the processing of grape cuttings in the condensate of water vapor has a more effective positive effect on the root formation of cuttings than ordinary water, which ultimately increases the yield and quality of seedlings.

Claims (1)

A method of stimulating the rooting of grape cuttings, including cutting the cuttings with eyes, their subsequent soaking in an aqueous medium, characterized in that the two-eyed grape cuttings with a thickness of 7-9 mm and a length of about 40 cm in a horizontal position are soaked in a container with an aqueous medium, kept for not more than 48 hours, while the condensate of steam obtained from tap water is used as an aqueous medium.