RU2614075C1 - Method for production of vitamin fodder additive from camelina seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, fodder production, in particular, to methods for manufacturing of protein-and-vitamin fodder additive from camelina seeds. The method involves soaking of seeds in electrically activated water, germination and sprouting. Camelina seeds are used as original seeds. Camelina seeds are washed by tap water for 4-8 minutes. Then the washed seeds are soaked with anolyte with pH 3.0-6.0 and oxidation-reduction potential 970-1110 mV, concentration of oxygen 8.3-12.0 mg/L and of chlorine 0.006-0.01 mg/L during 3.5-4.5 hours at the ratio of seeds to anolyte being 1:2. Afterwards anolyte is removed and the seeds are washed by tap water again for 3-8 minutes. Seed germination takes place in thin layer without growing medium by the method of air spraying with periodic turning, the total duration of germinaton accounts for 7-9 days at natural ambient light.

EFFECT: invention usage allows for manufacturing of a protein-and-vitamin fodder of high quality.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to obtain a vitamin feed additive from the seeds of camelina to feed farm animals and birds.

A known method of producing a feed vitamin supplement, characterized by grinding the feedstock, adding water, heat treating the obtained substrate, fermenting growing yeast under conditions of aeration on a nutrient medium, followed by isolation of the target product, obtain a suspension with a solids concentration of at least 6% and for more than 24 hours from the time of preparation canned hypochlorite in the form of 5% aqueous solutions in a dosage of 0.005-0.01% to the volume of suspension (active chlorine) (US Pat. RU No. 2290831).

The disadvantage of the method of obtaining feed vitamin supplements is significant energy consumption, as well as an additional intake - the cultivation of yeast cultures, as well as the use of preservative reagents, which, in turn, can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals.

There is also known a method of growing green hydroponic feed (US Pat. RU No. 2429592), including pre-soaking the seed with activated water with a pH of 8-10, obtained by electrolysis, in a rarefied medium at a pressure of 650-680 mm Hg with simultaneous stirring for 5-9 minutes with a drum speed of 10 rpm

The disadvantage of this method is the use for soaking seed of a vacuum medium created by a special device.

The closest prototype analogue to the claimed one is a known method for producing hydroponic green food, including soaking seeds in catholyte with electroactivated water, which is obtained by electroactivation of a 4-6% solution of ammonium sulfate with a pH of 9-10, redox potential (-800) - ( -900) mV, with a specific consumption of electricity amounting to 0.062-0.070 A / h per 1 liter of catholyte and anolyte, soaking for 3-5 hours with a total germination time of 10 days: the first 2 days without lighting, the next 8 days - when lighting communication (US Pat. RU No. 2524538 - prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the significant complexity of the process of seed germination and its complication due to the use of two phases of germination - without light and in its presence, as well as the formation of ammonia on the cathode during electrolysis, which can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals and birds. This method does not allow to reduce the duration of germination without loss of quality of green feed.

Known methods do not allow to obtain high-quality vitamin feed supplement in a short time without additional labor costs and loss of quality of raw materials.

The technical result is to increase the energy of germination of camelina seeds, increase the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed), to protect seedlings from diseases and accelerate the technological process of seed germination.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for producing a vitamin fodder supplement from camelina, which involves soaking seeds in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, according to the invention, the seeds of camelina are used as initial seeds, the flushing of camelina seeds is carried out with tap water for 4-8 minutes after which the washed seeds are soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 and a redox potential of 970-1110 mV, an oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3.5-4.5 hours, with a ratio seeds to the anolyte 1: 2, then the anolyte is removed and the seeds are re-flushed with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the seeds are germinated in a thin layer without using the substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination duration of 7-9 days under natural light.

The novelty of the proposed method for producing vitamin feed additives is to increase the germination energy of camelina seeds and increase the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed) by protecting plants from disease, through the use of anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 units. and a redox potential of 970-1110 mV, an oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l, as well as a reduction in the duration of germination without loss of quality of the feed additive with minimal material and labor costs.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and were not identified when studying patent and scientific and technical literature in this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed method for producing vitamin feed additives from camelina seeds can be used in industrial specialized enterprises.

Anolyte solution for the treatment of camelina seeds was obtained by contact activation of a 10% sodium chloride solution at a current of 5 A for 12-15 minutes. This time and amperage is sufficient to obtain anolyte with specified physicochemical parameters. The current strength for obtaining a high-quality anolyte should be 5 A. If the current strength during processing is less than 5 A, then it will not be enough to acidify the anolyte to the required value and the hydrolysis process will slow down. If the current strength for processing is more than 5 A, then due to the increase in resistance, part of the energy consumption will be spent on heating the solution, which will increase the current consumption and reduce the rate of increase in pH.

If the time of washing the seeds from dust and impurities is less than 4 minutes, then this time will not be enough for high-quality washing of seeds, if the washing time is more than 8 minutes, this will slow down the germination technology, so the optimal time for washing seeds from impurities and dust is 6 minutes.

If in the claimed method for producing a hydroponic vitamin feed additive from camelina seeds during soaking of the seeds, the pH of the anolyte is less than 3.0 units, this contributes to the inhibitory effect of the processes of seed germination in view of the increase in acidity of the anolyte medium, which leads to a decrease in the energy of germination of camelina seeds and yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed). If the pH is greater than 6.0 units, this leads to a slowdown in moisture consumption by the seed coat and increases the germination time of the feed additive; therefore, the optimum pH for the anolyte used as a lock solution for seeds is 4.5 units.

If the anolyte ORP is less than 970 mV, then the stimulating effect of the anolyte on the biochemical processes of the seed decreases, and the germination energy decreases, and if the ORP is more than 1110 mV, this leads to an increase in oxidative processes in solution, which slows down the activity of the enzyme systems of the seeds and the yield biomass of plants, therefore, an ORP of 1040 mV is optimal for anolyte.

If the concentration of chlorine in the anolyte is less than 0.006 mg / l, then this contributes to the active development of contaminating microorganisms, which negatively affects the quality indicators of the feed additive. If the chlorine concentration is more than 0.01 mg / l, the increased chlorine content inhibits the germination energy, which increases the germination time of the feed additive, and also makes it difficult to use this technology in industry, so the optimal concentration of chlorine in the anolyte is 0.008 mg / l.

If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is less than 8.3 mg / l, then this significantly reduces the moisture consumption of the seed coat and, as a result, reduces the activity of seed swelling, which slows down seed germination and increases the germination time. If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is more than 12.0 mg / l, then a high degree of oxygen saturation of the solution increases oxidative reactions, which slows the work of seed enzyme systems and impairs the germination energy and accumulation of plant biomass; therefore, the optimal oxygen concentration is 10.2 mg / l

If the ratio of seeds to anolyte is greater, this contributes to the development of unfavorable microflora, which makes it difficult to germinate, if less, saturation of the endosperm of the seed with moisture will be insufficient, which will also slow down the process of germination. Therefore, the optimal ratio of seeds to anolyte, respectively, is 1: 2.

The optimal time for repeated flushing of seeds after soaking in anolyte is 5 minutes. Rinsing less than 5 minutes is not enough to remove anolyte residues from the seeds, if more - this helps to increase the time of the process of germination of feed.

If the seed germination time is less than 7 days, this contributes to insufficient accumulation of sugars and enzymes necessary for a high-quality feed supplement. If more than 9 days - the seeds outgrow, and therefore their quality deteriorates, so the optimal germination time is 8 days.

The method of obtaining vitamin feed additives is as follows.

Rinsing the camelina seeds is carried out with tap water for 4-8 minutes. After that, the washed seeds are soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 and a redox potential of 970-1110 mV, an oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3 , 5-4.5 hours, with a ratio of seeds to anolyte 1: 2. After that, the anolyte is removed and the seeds are re-flushed with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Germination of seeds is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total duration of germination of 7-9 days in natural light.

An example of the method

Take 1 kg of camelina seeds of Penzyak variety and washed for 6 min under tap water, remove the weed impurity from the seeds, dust and place it in one layer in a low plastic container, pouring anolyte in the ratio of seeds to anolyte 1: 2 for 4 hours at ambient temperature Wednesday 18 ° C.

After 4 hours, the anolyte is carefully drained, and the seeds are repeatedly washed with tap water to remove residual anolyte from the seed mass, after which the stage of air-irrigation germination begins. The swollen seeds are laid out in a thin layer on plastic spreads and covered with wet gauze and left at a temperature of 18 ° C and natural light, periodically irrigating the seeds with water, begin to expel green biomass.

As a result of microbiological studies when sowing seeds treated according to the proposed method, on the MPA and Chapek medium, the degree of contamination of the fungal and bacterial microflora was minimal.

Table 1 presents the difference in the energy indicators of germination of camelina seeds germinated using anolyte obtained by contact activation, with the specified parameters and the prototype methodology (control) in five replicates. Germination seed germination energy was determined according to GOST 10968-88 “Grain. Methods for determining germination energy and germination ability. " The data of biochemical studies and the content of vitamins in the plant biomass of camelina are presented in table 2.

On average, the difference in the energy of germination of camelina seeds between the control variant (prototype) and the experimental one (by the proposed method) was 7.4%.

In the green mass, the following vitamin content was determined: B1 - 0.07 mg / 100 g, B2 - 0.2 mg / 100 g.

Thus, the presented biochemical data allow us to conclude that the green mass is suitable for inclusion in the diet of farm animals and birds.

As can be seen, the treatment of camelina seeds with anolyte obtained by the contact method with the declared parameters significantly reduces the seed germination time by 48 hours due to increased germination energy and plant productivity, as well as increased biomass yield by protecting plants from contaminating microorganisms.

The proposed method for producing vitamin feed additives will reduce energy and labor costs in connection with a single use of anolyte without additional treatments with other solutions, the method does not require special equipment for germination of camelina seeds.

Claims (1)

A method of producing a protein-vitamin feed additive from camelina, which involves soaking seeds in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, characterized in that the seeds of camelina are used as the initial seeds, the flax seeds are washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which they are washed the seeds are soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 and a redox potential of 970-1110 mV, an oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3.5- 4.5 hours, with a ratio of seeds to anolyte 1: 2, then remove Nolito and repeated washing of seeds is carried out with tap water for 3-8 minutes and seed sprouting is carried out in a thin layer without using an air-substrate method at reflux tedding periodic, with a total duration of 7-9 days germinating under natural light.