RU2614598C1 - Functional fodder production method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to the methods of functional fodder production. Functional fodder production method involves washing of pea beans by tap water for 4-8 minutes. Then the washed beans are soaked in anolyte with pH 2.4-8.0 and oxidation-reduction potential 230-810 mV, concentration of oxygen 6.0-14.8 mg/L, made by contact activation of 6-10% ammonium sulphate solution, during 3.5-4.5 hours, the ratio of beans to anolyte is 1:2. Afterwards anolyte is removed and the beans are washed by tap water again for 3-8 minutes. Seed germination and sprouting take place in thin layer without growing medium by the method of air spraying with periodic turning. The total duration of germination accounts for 6-8 days at natural ambient light.

EFFECT: invention allows for the production of qualitative functional fodder due to the acceleration of seed germination process and reduction of its duration, as well as for the production of functional fodder for livestock and poultry with recommended biochemical and microbiological quality factors along with low finance and labour inputs.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods for producing functional feed for feeding farm animals and birds.

A known method of feed vitamin supplement, characterized by grinding the feedstock, adding water, heat treating the obtained substrate, fermenting growing yeast under conditions of aeration on a nutrient medium, followed by isolation of the target product, obtain a suspension with a solids concentration of at least 6% and for more than 24 hours from the time of preparation, they are preserved with hypochlorite in the form of 5% aqueous solutions in a dosage of 0.005-0.01% to the volume of the suspension (according to active chlorine) (US Pat. RU No. 2290831).

The disadvantages of the method of obtaining feed vitamin supplements are significant energy costs, as well as an additional intake - the cultivation of yeast cultures, as well as the use of preservative agents, which, in turn, can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals.

There is also known a method of growing green hydroponic feed (US Pat. RU No. 2429592), including pre-soaking the seed with activated water with a pH of 8-10, obtained by electrolysis, in a rarefied medium at a pressure of 650-680 mm Hg with simultaneous stirring for 5-9 minutes with a drum speed of 10 rpm

The disadvantage of this method is the use for soaking seed of a vacuum medium created by a special device.

The closest prototype analogue to the claimed one is a known method of producing hydroponic green fodder, which involves soaking seeds in catholyte of electroactivated water, which is obtained by electroactivation of a 4-6% solution of ammonium sulfate with a pH of 9-10, redox potential (-800) - ( -900) mV, with a specific consumption of electricity amounting to 0.062-0.070 A / h per 1 liter of catholyte and anolyte, soaking for 3-5 hours with a total germination time of 10 days: the first 2 days without lighting, the next 8 days under lighting , and benefit NKU seedlings (Pat RU №2524538 -. prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the significant complexity of the process of germination of grain and its complication due to the use of two phases of germination - without light and in its presence, as well as the formation of ammonia on the cathode during electrolysis, which can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals and birds. This method does not allow to reduce the duration of germination without loss of feed quality.

Known methods do not allow to obtain high-quality functional food in a short time without additional labor and loss of quality of raw materials.

The technical result is to increase the energy of germination of soybean seeds, increase the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed), ensure the protection of seedlings from diseases and accelerate the process of obtaining functional feed.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of obtaining functional food, including soaking seeds in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing sprouts, according to the invention, pea seeds are washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed seeds are soaked with anolyte with a pH of 2.4 -8.0 units and a redox potential of 230-810 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-14.8 mg / l, for 3.5-4.5 hours, with a seed to anolyte ratio of 1: 2, then the anolyte is removed and repeated washing the seeds with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the germination of seeds is carried out in a thin layer without using the substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination duration of 6-8 days in natural light.

The novelty of the proposed method of obtaining functional food consists in increasing the energy of germination of pea seeds and increasing the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed) by protecting the seedlings from disease, as a result of the use of anolyte with a pH of 2.4-8.0 units. and a redox potential of 230-810 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-14.8 mg / l, as well as a reduction in germination time without loss of feed quality with minimal material and labor costs.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and were not identified when studying patent and scientific and technical literature in this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed method of obtaining functional feed can be used in industrial specialized enterprises.

The anolyte solution for treating pea seeds was obtained by contactless activation of a 6-10% solution of ammonium sulfate at a current strength of 5 A for 12-15 minutes. This time and amperage is sufficient to obtain anolyte with specified physicochemical parameters. The current strength for obtaining a high-quality anolyte should be 5 A. If the current strength during processing is less than 5 A, then it will not be enough to acidify the anolyte to the required value and the hydrolysis process will slow down. If the current strength for processing is more than 5 A, then due to the increase in resistance, part of the energy consumption will be spent on heating the solution, which will increase the current consumption and reduce the rate of increase in pH.

If the time for washing seeds from dust and impurities is less than 4 minutes, then this time will not be enough for high-quality washing of seeds, if the washing time is more than 8 minutes, this will slow down the germination technology, therefore, the optimal time for washing seeds from impurities and dust is 6 minutes.

If the claimed method for producing functional food in the process of seed soaking the pH of the anolyte is less than 2.4 units, this contributes to the inhibitory effect of the processes of seed germination due to the increased acidity of the anolyte medium, which leads to a decrease in the energy of germination of pea seeds and a decrease in the yield of biomass and plant productivity ( stern). If the pH is greater than 8.0 units, this leads to a slowdown in moisture consumption by the seed coat and increases the germination time of the feed, so 5.2 units are optimal for the anolyte used as a mortar for grain.

If the anolyte ORP is less than 230 mV, the stimulating effect of the anolyte on the biochemical processes of seeds decreases, and the germination energy decreases, and if the ORP is more than 810 mV, this leads to an increase in oxidative processes in solution, which slows down the activity of the enzyme systems of seeds and the yield of plant biomass, therefore, an ORP of 520 mV is optimal for anolyte.

If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is less than 6.0 mg / l, then this significantly reduces the saturation of seeds with moisture by the shell of the seeds and, as a result, reduces the activity of seed swelling, which slows down the germination of seeds and increases the germination time. If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is more than 14.8 mg / l, then a high degree of oxygen saturation of the solution increases oxidative reactions, which slows down the functioning of the enzyme systems of the seeds and worsens the germination energy, therefore, the optimal oxygen concentration is 10.4 mg / l.

If the ratio of seeds to anolyte is greater, this contributes to the development of unfavorable microflora, which makes it difficult to germinate, if less, saturation of the endosperm of seeds with moisture will be insufficient, which will also slow down the process of germination. Therefore, the optimal ratio of grain to anolyte, respectively, is 1: 2.

The optimal time for repeated flushing of seeds after soaking in anolyte is 5 minutes. Rinsing less than 5 minutes is insufficient to remove anolyte residues from the seeds, if more - this helps to increase the time of the process of germination of feed.

The claimed optimal ratio of seeds to anolyte is equal to a ratio of 1: 2. If the ratio of seeds to anolyte is greater, this contributes to the development of unfavorable microflora, which makes it difficult to germinate, if less, saturation of the endosperm of seeds with moisture will be insufficient, which will also slow down the process of germination.

The method of obtaining functional feed is as follows.

Rinse pea seeds with tap water for 4-8 minutes. Then the washed seeds are soaked with anolyte with a pH of 2.4-8.0 and a redox potential of 230-810 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-14.8 mg / l for 3.5-4.5 hours, at a ratio seeds to anolyte 1: 2. After that, the anolyte is removed and the seeds are re-flushed with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Germination of seeds is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination duration of 6-8 days in natural light.

An example of the method

Take 1 kg of Argon pea seeds and washed for 6 min under tap water, remove the weed impurity from the grain mass, dust and place it in one layer in a low plastic container without a substrate, pouring it with an anolyte obtained by a contactless method by electrolysis of an 8% solution ammonium sulfate in the ratio of seeds to anolyte 1: 2 for 4 hours at an ambient temperature of 18 ° C.

After 4 hours, the anolyte is carefully drained, and the seeds are repeatedly washed with tap water to remove residual anolyte from the grain mass, after which the stage of air-irrigation germination begins. The swollen seeds are laid out in a thin layer on plastic spreads and covered with wet gauze and left at a temperature of 18 ° C and natural light, periodically irrigating the seeds with water, begin to expel green biomass.

As a result of microbiological studies when sowing seeds treated according to the proposed method, on the MPA and Chapek medium, the degree of contamination of the fungal and bacterial microflora was minimal.

Table 1 presents the difference in energy indicators of the germination of pea seeds sprouted using anolyte obtained by contactless activation, with the specified parameters and by the method of the prototype (control) in five replicates. The energy of germination of pea seeds was determined according to GOST 10968-88 "Grain. Methods for determining germination energy and germination ability. " The data of biochemical studies and the content of vitamins in pea seedlings are presented in table 2.

On average, the difference in the energy of germination of pea seeds between the control variant (prototype) and the experimental one (by the proposed method) was 7%.

The following vitamin content was determined in the green mass: B1 - 0.4 mg / 100 g, B2 - 0.15 mg / 100 g, B12 - 0.3 mg / 100 g.

Thus, the presented biochemical data allow us to conclude that the functional feed is suitable for inclusion in the diet of farm animals and birds.

As can be seen, the treatment of pea seeds with an anolyte obtained by a non-contact method with the stated parameters significantly reduces the germination time of grain by 72 hours due to an increase in the germination energy and plant productivity, as well as an increase in the biomass yield due to the protection of plants from contaminating microorganisms.

The proposed method of obtaining functional food will reduce energy and labor costs in connection with a single use of anolyte without additional treatments with other solutions, the method does not require special equipment for seed germination.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining a functional feed, including soaking seeds in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, characterized in that pea seeds are used as seeds, pea seeds are washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed seeds are soaked with anolyte with pH 2 , 4-8.0 and a redox potential of 230-810 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-14.8 mg / L, obtained by contact activation of a 6-10% solution of ammonium sulfate, for 3.5-4.5 h with a ratio of grain to anolyte 1: 2, after This removes the anolyte and re-flushes the seeds with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the seeds are germinated in a thin layer without using the substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination duration of 6-8 days under natural light.