RU2618120C1 - Method for producing protein-vitamin forage additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves soaking the seeds in electro-activated water, germinating and seedlings forcing. The initial seeds are represented by soybean seeds. Washing the seeds is carried out with tap water for 4-8 minutes. Thereinafter the washed seeds are soaked in anolyte with the pH of 3.0-10.5 and the redox potential of 860-1,580 mV, the oxygen concentration of 7.2 to 17.0 mg/l and the chlorine concentration of 0.006 to 0.01 mg/l for 3.5-4.5 hours, at the ratio of seeds to anolyte 1:2. Thereafter, the anolyte is removed and the seeds are re-washed by tap water within 3-8 minutes, and germinating the seeds is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by means of air-irrigation method at periodic tedding, at the total germination duration of 7-9 days under natural light.

EFFECT: method allows to obtain a high-quality protein-vitamin forage additive from soybean seeds by accelerating the production process of seed germination and to reduce its duration, and to obtain a protein-vitamin forage additive for livestock and poultry with recommended biochemical and microbiological quality indices at low material and labour costs.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the production of protein-vitamin feed additives for feeding farm animals and birds.

A known method of producing a feed vitamin supplement, characterized by grinding the feedstock, adding water, heat treating the obtained substrate, fermenting growing yeast under conditions of aeration on a nutrient medium, followed by isolation of the target product, obtain a suspension with a solids concentration of at least 6% and for more than 24 hours from the time of preparation canned hypochlorite in the form of 5% aqueous solutions in a dosage of 0.005-0.01% to the volume of suspension (active chlorine) (US Pat. RU No. 2290831).

The disadvantage of the method of obtaining feed vitamin supplements is significant energy consumption, as well as an additional intake - the cultivation of yeast cultures, as well as the use of preservative reagents, which, in turn, can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals.

There is also known a method of growing green hydroponic feed (US Pat. RU No. 2429592), including pre-soaking the seed with activated water with a pH of 8-10, obtained by electrolysis, in a rarefied medium at a pressure of 650-680 mm Hg with simultaneous stirring for 5-9 minutes with a drum speed of 10 rpm

The disadvantage of this method is the use for soaking seed of a vacuum medium created by a special device.

The closest prototype analogue to the claimed one is a known method for producing hydroponic green food, including soaking seeds in catholyte with electroactivated water obtained by electroactivation of a 4-6% solution of ammonium sulfate with a pH of 9-10, redox potential (-800) - (- 900) mV, with a specific consumption of electricity of 0.062-0.070 A / h per 1 liter of catholyte and anolyte, with soaking for 3-5 hours with a total germination time of 10 days: the first 2 days without lighting, the next 8 days under lighting, distillation of seedlings (Pat RU №2524538 -. prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the significant complexity of the process of germination of grain and its complication due to the use of two phases of germination - without light and in its presence, as well as the formation of ammonia on the cathode during electrolysis, which can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals and birds. This method does not allow to reduce the duration of germination without loss of quality of the feed additive.

Known methods do not allow to obtain high-quality vitamin feed supplement in a short time without additional labor costs and loss of quality of raw materials.

The technical result is to increase the energy of germination of soybean seeds, increase the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed), ensure the protection of seedlings from diseases and accelerate the production process of vitamin green.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for producing a protein-vitamin feed additive, comprising soaking seeds in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, according to the invention, soybean seeds are used as initial seeds, soybean seeds are washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed seed is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-10.5 and a redox potential of 860-1580 mV, an oxygen concentration of 7.2-17.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3 , 5-4.5 hours at a ratio of seeds to an olita 1: 2, then the anolyte is removed and the seeds are re-flushed with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the seeds are germinated in a thin layer without using the substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding with a total germination time of 7-9 days with natural lighting.

The novelty of the proposed method for the production of protein-vitamin feed additives is to increase the energy of germination of soybean seeds and increase the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed) by protecting the seedlings from disease by using anolyte with a pH of 3.0-10.5 units. and redox potential of 860-1580 mV, oxygen concentration of 7.2-17.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l, as well as a reduction in the duration of germination without loss of quality of the feed additive with minimal material and labor costs.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and were not identified when studying patent and scientific and technical literature in this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed method of obtaining protein-vitamin feed additives can be used in industrial specialized enterprises.

Anolyte solution for soybean seed treatment was obtained by contactless activation of a 10% sodium chloride solution at a current of 5 A for 12-15 minutes. This time and amperage is sufficient to obtain anolyte with specified physicochemical parameters. The current strength for obtaining a high-quality anolyte should be 5 A. If the current strength during processing is less than 5 A, then it will not be enough to acidify the anolyte to the required value and the hydrolysis process will slow down. If the current strength for processing is more than 5 A, then due to the increase in resistance, part of the energy consumption will be spent on heating the solution, which will increase the current consumption and reduce the rate of increase in pH.

If the time of washing the seeds from dust and impurities is less than 4 minutes, then this time will not be enough for high-quality washing of seeds, if the washing time is more than 8 minutes, this will slow down the germination technology, so the optimal time for washing seeds from impurities and dust is 6 minutes.

If in the claimed method for the production of protein-vitamin feed additives in the process of soaking the seeds, the pH of the anolyte is less than 3.0 units, this contributes to the inhibitory effect of the processes of seed germination due to the increase in the acidity of the anolyte medium, which leads to a decrease in the energy of germination of soybean seeds and a decrease in the biomass yield and plant productivity (feed). If the pH is greater than 10.5 units, this slows down the hydration of the seeds and increases the germination time of the feed additive; therefore, the optimum pH for the anolyte used as a lock solution for seeds is 6.8 units.

If the anolyte ORP is less than 860 mV, then the stimulating effect of the anolyte on the biochemical processes of seeds decreases, and the germination energy decreases, and if the ORP is more than 1580 mV, this leads to an increase in oxidative processes in solution, which slows down the activity of the enzyme systems of the seeds and the yield biomass of plants; therefore, an ORP of 1220 mV is optimal for anolyte.

If the concentration of anolyte chlorine is less than 0.006 mg / l, this contributes to the active development of contaminating microorganisms, which negatively affects the quality of the feed additive. If the chlorine concentration is more than 0.01 mg / l, the increased chlorine content inhibits the germination energy, which increases the germination time of the feed additive, and also makes it difficult to use this technology in industry, so the optimal concentration of chlorine in the anolyte is 0.008 mg / l.

If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is less than 7.2 mg / l, this significantly reduces the moisture consumption of the seed coat and, as a result, reduces the activity of seed swelling, which leads to a slowdown in seed germination and an increase in germination time. If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is more than 17.0 mg / L, then a high degree of oxygen saturation of the solution increases oxidative reactions, which slows down the functioning of the enzyme systems of the seeds and worsens the germination energy, therefore, the optimal oxygen concentration is 12.1 mg / L.

Declared the optimal ratio of seeds to anolyte, equal to 1: 2, respectively. If the ratio of seeds to anolyte is greater, this contributes to the development of unfavorable microflora, which makes it difficult to germinate, if less, saturation of the endosperm of seeds with moisture will be insufficient, which will also slow down the process of germination.

The optimal time for repeated flushing of seeds after soaking in anolyte is 5 minutes. Rinsing less than 5 minutes is not enough to remove anolyte residues from the seeds, if more - this helps to increase the time of the process of germination of feed.

If the seed germination time is less than 7 days, this contributes to insufficient accumulation of sugars and enzymes necessary for a high-quality feed supplement. If more than 9 days, the seed grows, and therefore its quality deteriorates, so the optimal germination time is 8 days.

A method for the production of protein-vitamin feed additives is as follows.

Soybean seeds are washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes. After that, the washed seed is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-10.5 and a redox potential of 860-1580 mV, an oxygen concentration of 7.2-17.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3 , 5-4.5 hours with a ratio of seeds to anolyte 1: 2. After that, the anolyte is removed and the seeds are re-flushed with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Germination of seeds is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding with a total duration of germination of 7-9 days in natural light.

An example of the method

Take 1 kg of Delta soybean seeds and washed for 6 min under tap water, remove the weed impurity from the seed mass, dust and place it in one layer in a low plastic container without a substrate, pouring it with anolyte obtained by contact by electrolysis of a 10% NaCl solution, in the ratio of seeds to anolyte 1: 2 for 4 hours at an ambient temperature of 18 ° C.

After 4 hours, the anolyte is carefully drained and the seeds are repeatedly washed with tap water to remove the remaining anolyte from the seed mass, after which the stage of air-irrigation germination begins. The swollen seed is laid out in a thin layer on plastic spreads and covered with wet gauze and left at a temperature of 18 ° C and natural light, periodically irrigating the seeds with water, begin to expel green biomass.

As a result of microbiological studies when sowing the seed treated according to the proposed method, on the MPA and Chapek medium, the degree of contamination of the fungal and bacterial microflora was minimal.

Table 1 presents the difference in energy indicators of the germination of soybean seeds, germinated using anolyte obtained by contact activation, with the specified parameters and by the method of the prototype (control) in five replicates. The energy of germination of soybean seeds was determined according to GOST 10968-88. Data biochemical studies and the content of vitamins in green soybeans are presented in table 2.

On average, the difference in the energy of germination of soybean seeds between the control option (prototype) and experimental (by the proposed method) was 9%.

The following vitamin content was determined in the green mass: B1 - 0.94 mg / 100 g, B2 - 0.22 mg / 100 g, E - 17.3 mg / 100 g.

Thus, the recommended protein and vitamin feed supplement will improve the quality of the feed. The biochemical data presented allow us to conclude that the green mass is suitable for inclusion in the diet of farm animals and birds.

As can be seen, treating soybean seeds with an anolyte obtained by the contact method with the stated parameters significantly reduces the seed germination time by 48 hours due to increased germination energy and plant productivity, as well as increased biomass yield by protecting plants from contaminating microorganisms.

The proposed method for producing protein-vitamin feed additives will reduce energy and labor costs in connection with a single use of anolyte without additional treatments with other solutions, the method does not require special equipment for seed germination.

Claims (1)

A method of producing a protein-vitamin feed additive, comprising soaking seeds in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, characterized in that soybean seeds are used as initial seeds, the seeds are washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed seed is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-10.5 and a redox potential of 860-1580 mV, an oxygen concentration of 7.2-17.0 mg / l and chlorine 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3.5-4.5 hours at a ratio of seeds to anolyte 1: 2, after that the anolyte is removed and yayut repeated washing of seeds is carried out in tap water in a thin layer without using an air-substrate irrigation method for 3-8 minutes and seed germination at periodic tedding a total duration of 7-9 days germinating under natural light.