RU2618102C1 - Method for producing vitamin forage additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of producing a vitamin forage additive comprises washing Camelina seeds with tap water for 4-8 minutes. Thereinafter the washed Camelina seeds are soaked in anolyte with the pH of 3.0-10.5 and the redox potential of 860-1,580 mV, the oxygen concentration of 7.2 to 17.0 mg/l and the chlorine concentration of 0.006 to 0.01 mg/l for 3.5-4.5 hours, at the ratio of grain to anolyte 1:2. Thereafter, the anolyte is removed, and the re-washing of seeds is carried out with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Germinating the seeds and seedling forcing is carried out in a thin layer without the use of the substrate by the air-irrigation method at periodic tedding, with the total germination duration of 7-9 days under natural light.

EFFECT: implementation of the method allows to obtain the vitamin forage additive for livestock and poultry with recommended biochemical and microbiological quality indices at low material and labour costs, and provides the acceleration of the production process of germinating the grain.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the production of vitamin feed additives for feeding farm animals and birds.

A known method of producing a feed vitamin supplement, characterized by grinding the feedstock, adding water, heat treating the obtained substrate, fermenting growing yeast under conditions of aeration on a nutrient medium, followed by isolation of the target product, obtain a suspension with a solids concentration of at least 6% and for more than 24 hours from the time of preparation canned hypochlorite in the form of 5% aqueous solutions in a dosage of 0.005-0.01% to the volume of suspension (active chlorine) (US Pat. RU No. 2290831).

The disadvantages of the method of obtaining feed vitamin supplements are significant energy costs, as well as an additional intake - the cultivation of yeast cultures, as well as the use of preservative agents, which, in turn, can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals.

There is also known a method of growing green hydroponic feed (US Pat. RU No. 2429592), including pre-soaking the seed with activated water with a pH of 8-10, obtained by electrolysis, in a rarefied medium at a pressure of 650-680 mm Hg with simultaneous stirring for 5-9 minutes with a drum speed of 10 rpm

The disadvantage of this method is the use for soaking seed of a vacuum medium created by a special device.

The closest prototype analogue to the claimed one is a known method of producing hydroponic green fodder, comprising soaking seeds in catholyte with electroactivated water obtained by electroactivation of a 4-6% solution of ammonium sulfate with a pH of 9-10, redox potential (-800) - (- 900) mV, with a specific consumption of electricity of 0.062-0.070 A / h per 1 liter of catholyte and anolyte, with soaking for 3-5 hours with a total germination time of 10 days: the first 2 days without lighting, the next 8 days when illuminated and, and the distillation of seedlings (Pat RU №2524538 -. prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the significant complexity of the process of germination of grain and its complication due to the use of two phases of germination - without light and in its presence, as well as the formation of ammonia on the cathode during electrolysis, which can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals and birds. This method does not allow to reduce the duration of germination without loss of quality of green feed.

Known methods do not allow to obtain high-quality vitamin feed supplement in a short time without additional labor costs and loss of quality of raw materials.

The technical result is to increase the germination energy of camelina seeds, increase the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed), protect the seedlings from diseases and accelerate the production process of vitamin green.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for producing a vitamin feed additive, comprising soaking the seeds in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, according to the invention, the seeds of camelina are used as the initial seeds, the flax seeds are washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed seed is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-10.5 and a redox potential of 860-1580 mV, an oxygen concentration of 7.2-17.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3.5 -4.5 hours, with a ratio of seeds to an olita 1: 2, then the anolyte is removed and the seeds are re-flushed with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the seeds are germinated in a thin layer without using the substrate by air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination time of 7-9 days at natural light.

The novelty of the proposed method for the production of vitamin feed additives consists in increasing the energy of germination of camelina seeds and increasing the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed) by protecting the seedlings from disease by using anolyte with a pH of 3.0-10.5 units. and redox potential of 860-1580 mV, oxygen concentration of 7.2-17.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l, as well as a reduction in the duration of germination without loss of quality of the feed additive with minimal material and labor costs.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and were not identified when studying patent and scientific and technical literature in this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed method for producing vitamin feed additives can be used in industrial specialized enterprises.

If the time of washing the seeds from dust and impurities is less than 4 minutes, then this time will not be enough for high-quality washing of seeds, if the washing time is more than 8 minutes, this will slow down the germination technology, so the optimal time for washing seeds from impurities and dust is 6 minutes.

Anolyte solution for the treatment of camelina seeds was obtained by contactless activation of a 10% sodium chloride solution at a current of 5 A for 12-15 minutes. This time and amperage is sufficient to obtain anolyte with specified physicochemical parameters. The current strength for obtaining a high-quality anolyte should be 5 A. If the current strength during processing is less than 5 A, then it will not be enough to acidify the anolyte to the required value and the hydrolysis process will slow down. If the current strength for processing is more than 5 A, then due to the increase in resistance, part of the energy consumption will be spent on heating the solution, which will increase the current consumption and reduce the rate of increase in pH.

If in the claimed method of producing a vitamin feed additive in the process of soaking the seeds, the pH of the anolyte will be less than 3.0 units, this contributes to the inhibitory effect of the processes of seed germination due to the increase in acidity of the anolyte medium, which leads to a decrease in the germination energy of camelina seeds and a decrease in the biomass yield and plant productivity (stern). If the pH is greater than 10.5 units, this slows down the hydration of the seeds and increases the germination time of the feed additive; therefore, the optimum pH for the anolyte used as a lock solution for seeds is 6.8 units.

If the anolyte ORP is less than 860 mV, then the stimulating effect of the anolyte on the biochemical processes of seeds decreases, and the germination energy decreases, and if the ORP is more than 1580 mV, this leads to an increase in oxidative processes in solution, which slows down the activity of the enzyme systems of the seeds and the yield biomass of plants; therefore, an ORP of 1220 mV is optimal for anolyte.

If the concentration of anolyte chlorine is less than 0.006 mg / l, this contributes to the active development of contaminating microorganisms, which negatively affects the quality of the feed additive. If the chlorine concentration is more than 0.01 mg / l, the increased chlorine content inhibits the germination energy, which increases the germination time of the feed additive, and also makes it difficult to use this technology in industry, so the optimal concentration of chlorine in the anolyte is 0.008 mg / l.

If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is less than 7.2 mg / l, then this significantly reduces the moisture consumption of the seed coat and, as a result, reduces the activity of seed swelling, which slows down the germination of seeds and increases the germination time. If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is more than 17.0 mg / L, then a high degree of oxygen saturation of the solution increases oxidative reactions, which slows down the functioning of the enzyme systems of the seeds and worsens the germination energy, therefore, the optimal oxygen concentration is 12.1 mg / L.

Declared the optimal ratio of seeds to anolyte, equal to 1: 2, respectively. If the ratio of seeds to anolyte is greater, this contributes to the development of unfavorable microflora, which makes it difficult to germinate, if less, saturation of the endosperm of the seed with moisture will be insufficient, which will also slow down the process of germination.

The optimal time for repeated flushing of seeds after soaking in anolyte is 5 minutes. Rinsing less than 5 minutes is not enough to remove anolyte residues from the seeds, if more - this helps to increase the time of the process of germination of feed.

If the seed germination time is less than 7 days, this contributes to insufficient accumulation of sugars and enzymes necessary for a high-quality feed supplement. If more than 9 days - the seeds outgrow, and therefore their quality deteriorates, so the optimal germination time is 8 days.

A method for the production of vitamin feed additives is as follows.

Rinsing the camelina seeds is carried out with tap water for 4-8 minutes. After that, the washed seed is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-10.5 and a redox potential of 860-1580 mV, an oxygen concentration of 7.2-17.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3 , 5-4.5 hours, with a ratio of seeds to anolyte 1: 2. After that, the anolyte is removed and the seeds are re-flushed with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Germination of seeds is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total duration of germination of 7-9 days in natural light.

An example implementation of the method.

Take 1 kg of camelina seeds of Penzyak variety and washed for 6 min under tap water, remove the weed impurity from the seed mass, dust and place it in one layer in a low plastic container without a substrate, pouring it with anolyte obtained in a non-contact way by electrolysis of a 10% NaCl solution , in the ratio of seeds to anolyte 1: 2 for 4 hours at an ambient temperature of 18 ° C.

After 4 hours, the anolyte is carefully drained and the seeds are repeatedly washed with tap water to remove the remaining anolyte from the seed mass, after which the stage of air-irrigation germination begins. The swollen seed is laid out in a thin layer on plastic spreads, covered with wet gauze and left at a temperature of 18 ° C and natural light, periodically irrigating the seeds with water, begin to expel green biomass.

As a result of microbiological studies when sowing seeds treated according to the proposed method, on the MPA and Chapek medium, the degree of contamination of the fungal and bacterial microflora was minimal.

Table 1 presents the difference in energy indicators of germination of camelina seeds germinated using anolyte obtained by contactless activation, with the specified parameters and the prototype method (control) in five replicates. The germination energy of camelina seeds was determined according to GOST 10968-88. Data biochemical studies and the content of vitamins in green mushrooms are presented in table 2.

On average, the difference in the energy of germination of camelina seeds between the control variant (prototype) and the experimental one (by the proposed method) was 7.4%.

In the green mass, the following vitamin content was determined: B1 - 0.07 mg / 100 g, B2 - 0.2 mg / 100 g.

Thus, the recommended vitamin feed supplement will improve the quality of the feed. The biochemical data presented allow us to conclude that the green mass is suitable for inclusion in the diet of farm animals and birds.

As can be seen, the treatment of camelina seeds with an anolyte obtained by a non-contact method, with the stated parameters, significantly reduces the seed germination time by 48 hours due to increased germination energy and plant productivity, as well as an increase in biomass yield by protecting plants from contaminating microorganisms.

The proposed method for producing vitamin feed additives will reduce energy and labor costs in connection with a single use of anolyte without additional treatments with other solutions, the method does not require special equipment for seed germination.

Claims (1)

A method of producing a vitamin feed additive, including soaking seeds in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, characterized in that camelina seeds are used as initial seeds, the seeds are washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed seed is soaked with anolyte with pH 3.0-10.5 and redox potential of 860-1580 mV, oxygen concentration of 7.2-17.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3.5-4.5 hours, when the ratio of seeds to anolyte 1: 2, then remove the anolyte and carry out repeated washing of seeds tap water for 3-8 min, and germination is carried out in a thin layer without using an air-substrate method at reflux tedding periodic, with a total duration of 7-9 days germinating under natural light.