RU2622254C1 - Method for producing biologically active forage additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises washing corn grain with tap water for 4-8 min. Then the washed grain is soaked in anolyte with the pH of 3.0 -11.2 units and the redox potential of 310-1,100 mV, the oxygen concentration of 7.2 to 16.0 mg/l and the chlorine concentration of 0.003-0.007 mg/l for 3.0 - 4.5 hours, with the ratio of grain to anolyte 1:2. Thereinafter, the anolyte is removed, and re-washing of grain is carried out with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Germinating the grain and seedling forcing is carried out in a thin layer without the use of the substrate by the air-irrigation method at periodic tedding, with the total germination duration of 7-9 days under natural light.

EFFECT: implementation of the method allows to obtain high-quality biologically active forage additive while accelerating the production process of grain germination and reducing its duration, and to obtain a biologically active forage for livestock and poultry with recommended biochemical and microbiological quality indices at low material and labour costs.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to obtain a biologically active feed additive for feeding farm animals and birds.

A known method of producing a feed vitamin supplement, characterized by grinding the feedstock, adding water, heat treating the obtained substrate, fermenting growing yeast under conditions of aeration on a nutrient medium, followed by isolation of the target product, obtain a suspension with a solids concentration of at least 6% and for more than 24 hours from the time of preparation canned hypochlorite in the form of 5% aqueous solutions in a dosage of 0.005-0.01% by volume of suspension (active chlorine) (US Pat. RU No. 2290831).

The disadvantages of the method of obtaining feed vitamin supplements are significant energy costs, an additional method of growing yeast cultures, as well as the use of preservative agents, which, in turn, can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals.

There is also known a method of growing green hydroponic feed (US Pat. RU No. 2429592), including pre-soaking the seed with activated water with a pH of 8-10, obtained by electrolysis, in a rarefied medium at a pressure of 650-680 mm Hg with simultaneous stirring for 5-9 minutes with a drum speed of 10 rpm

The disadvantage of this method is the use for soaking seed of a vacuum medium created by a special device.

Known methods do not allow to obtain high-quality biologically active feed additive in a short time without additional labor and loss of quality of raw materials.

The closest prototype analogue to the claimed one is a known method of producing hydroponic green food, which involves soaking seeds in a catholyte of electroactivated water, obtained by electroactivation of a 4-6% solution of ammonium sulfate with a pH of 9-10, redox potential (-800) - (- 900) mV, with a specific consumption of electricity of 0.062-0.070 A / h per 1 liter of catholyte and anolyte, with soaking for 3-5 hours with a total germination time of 10 days: the first 2 days without lighting, the next 8 days under lighting And the distillation of seedlings (Pat RU №2524538 -. Prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the significant complexity of the process of germination of grain and its complication due to the use of two phases of germination - without light and in its presence, as well as the formation of ammonia on the cathode during electrolysis, which can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals and birds. This method does not allow to reduce the duration of germination without loss of quality of green feed.

The technical result is to increase the energy of germination of corn grain, increase the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed) by ensuring the protection of plants from diseases and accelerate the technological process of germination of biologically active feed additives.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for producing a biologically active feed additive, comprising soaking grain in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, according to the invention, corn grain is used as initial grain, corn grain is washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed grain is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-11.2 units. and redox potential of 310-1100 mV, oxygen concentration of 7.2-16.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.003-0.007 mg / l, for 3.0-4.5 hours, with a grain to anolyte ratio of 1 : 2, then the anolyte is removed and the grain is washed again with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the germination of the grain is carried out in a thin layer without using the substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination time of 7-9 days in natural light .

The novelty of the proposed method for producing a biologically active feed additive consists in increasing the energy of germination of corn grain and increasing the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed) by protecting the seedlings from disease by using anolyte with a pH of 3.0-11.2 units. and a redox potential of 310-1100 mV, an oxygen concentration of 7.2-16.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.003-0.007 mg / l, as well as a reduction in the duration of germination without loss of quality of the feed additive with minimal material and labor costs.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and have not been identified in the study of patent and scientific and technical literature in this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed method for producing biologically active feed additives can be used in industrial specialized enterprises.

Anolyte solution for processing corn grain was obtained by contactless activation of tap water at a current strength of 5A for 12-15 minutes. This time and amperage is sufficient to obtain anolyte with specified physicochemical parameters. The current strength to obtain a high-quality anolyte should be 5 A. If the current strength during processing is less than 5A, then it will not be enough to acidify the anolyte to the required value and the hydrolysis process will slow down. If the current strength for processing is more than 5 A, then due to the increase in resistance, part of the energy consumption will be spent on heating the solution, which will increase the current consumption and reduce the rate of increase in pH.

If the time of washing the grain from dust and impurities is less than 4 minutes, then this time will not be enough for high-quality washing of grain, if the washing time is more than 8 minutes, this will slow down the germination technology, therefore the optimal time for washing the grain from impurities and dust is 6 minutes.

If in the claimed method for producing a biologically active feed additive during the soaking of the grain, the pH of the anolyte will be less than 3.0 units, this contributes to the inhibitory effect of the processes of grain germination due to the increase in acidity of the anolyte medium, which leads to a decrease in the energy of germination of corn grain and a decrease in the yield of biomass and productivity plants (feed). If the pH is greater than 11.2 units, this leads to a slowdown in the moisture consumption of the grain shell and increases the germination time of the feed additive, therefore, the optimum pH for the anolyte used as a lock solution for grain is 7.2 units.

If the anolyte ORP is less than 310 mV, then the stimulating effect of the anolyte on the biochemical processes of the grain decreases, and the germination energy decreases, and if the ORP is more than 1100 mV, this leads to an increase in oxidative processes in solution, which slows down the activity of the enzyme systems of the grain and the yield biomass of plants; therefore, an ORP of 750.0 mV is optimal for anolyte.

If the concentration of anolyte chlorine is less than 0.003 mg / l, this contributes to the active development of contaminating microorganisms, which negatively affects the quality of the feed additive. If the chlorine concentration is more than 0.007 mg / l, the increased chlorine content inhibits the germination energy, which increases the germination time of the feed additive, and also makes it difficult to use this technology in industry, so the optimal concentration of chlorine in the anolyte is 0.005 mg / l.

If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is less than 7.2 mg / l, then this significantly reduces the moisture consumption of the grain shell and, as a result, reduces the activity of grain swelling, which slows down the germination of grain and increases the germination time. If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is more than 16.0 mg / L, then a high degree of oxygen saturation of the solution increases oxidative reactions, which slows down the functioning of the enzyme systems of the grain and worsens the germination energy, so 11.6 mg / L is the optimal oxygen concentration.

Declared the optimal ratio of grain to anolyte, equal to 1: 2, respectively. If the ratio of grain to anolyte is greater, this contributes to the development of unfavorable microflora, which makes it difficult to germinate, if less, saturation of the endosperm of the grain with moisture will be insufficient, which will also slow down the process of germination. Therefore, the optimal ratio of grain to anolyte, respectively, is 1: 2.

The optimal time for re-washing the grain after soaking in the anolyte is 5 minutes. Rinsing less than 5 minutes is insufficient to remove anolyte residues from the grain, if more - this helps to increase the time of the process of germination of feed.

If the germination time of the grain is less than 7 days, this contributes to insufficient accumulation of sugars and enzymes necessary for high-quality feed additives. If more than 9 days - the grain grows, in connection with which its quality is deteriorating, so the optimal germination time is 8 days.

A method of obtaining a biologically active feed additive is as follows.

The washing of corn grain is carried out with tap water for 4-8 minutes. After that, the washed grain is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-11.2 and a redox potential of 310-1100 mV, an oxygen concentration of 7.2-16.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.003-0.007 mg / l for 3.0 -4.5 hours, with a grain to anolyte ratio of 1: 2. After that, the anolyte is removed and the grain is washed again with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Grain germination is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination duration of 7-9 days in natural light.

An example implementation of the method.

Take 1 kg of grain of corn of the hybrid Krasnodar 309 and washed for 6 min under tap water, remove the weed impurity from the grain mass, dust and place it in one layer in a low plastic container without a substrate, pouring it with anolyte obtained by a contactless method by electrolysis of tap water into the ratio of grain to anolyte 1: 2 for 4 hours at an ambient temperature of 18 ° C.

After 4 hours, the anolyte is carefully drained, and the grain is repeatedly washed with tap water to remove residual anolyte from the grain mass, after which the stage of air-irrigation germination begins. The swollen grain is laid out in a thin layer on plastic spacers and covered with wet gauze and left at a temperature of 18 ° C and natural light, periodically irrigating the grain with water, begin to overtake the green biomass.

As a result of microbiological studies when sowing grain processed according to the proposed method, on the MPA and Chapek medium, the degree of contamination of the fungal and bacterial microflora was minimal.

Table 1 presents the difference in energy indicators of germination of corn grain, germinated using anolyte obtained by contactless activation, with the specified parameters and the prototype method (control) in five replicates. The energy of germination of corn grain was determined according to GOST 10968-88 "Grain. Methods for determining germination energy and germination ability. " Data biochemical studies and the content of vitamins in green corn are presented in table 2.

On average, the difference in the energy of germination of corn grain between the control option (prototype) and experimental (by the proposed method) was 5.1%.

The following vitamin content was determined in green mass: B1 - 0.38 mg / 100 g, B2 - 0.12 mg / 100 g, B6 - 0.47 mg / 100 g, E - 1.2 mg / 100 g.

Thus, the recommended biologically active feed additive will improve the quality of the feed. The biochemical data presented allow us to conclude that the feed additive is suitable for inclusion in the diet of farm animals and birds.

As can be seen, treating corn grain with an anolyte obtained by a non-contact method with the stated parameters significantly reduces the germination time of grain by 48 hours due to increased germination energy and plant productivity, as well as an increase in biomass yield by protecting plants from contaminating microorganisms.

The proposed method for producing biologically active feed additives will reduce energy and labor costs in connection with a single use of anolyte without additional treatments with other solutions, the method does not require special equipment for germinating grain.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining a biologically active feed additive, including soaking the grain in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, characterized in that the corn grain is used as the initial grain, corn is washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed grain is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-11.2 units and a redox potential of 310-1100 mV, an oxygen concentration of 7.2-16.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.003-0.007 mg / l for 3.0-4.5 x hours, with a ratio of grain to anolyte 1: 2, then delete t anolyte and re-washing the grain with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the germination of the grain is carried out in a thin layer without using the substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination time of 7-9 days in natural light.