RU2618117C1 - Method for producing vitamin green forage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for producing vitamin green forage includes washing oat grain with tap water for 4-8 minutes. Thereinafter the washed grain is soaked in anolyte with the pH of 2.4 -7.8 units and the redox potential of 260-720 mV, the oxygen concentration of 6.3 to 12.5 mg/l, obtained by means of the contact activation of 6-10% ammonium sulfate solution, for 3.5-4.5 hours, at the ratio of grain to anolyte 1:2. Thereinafter, the anolyte is removed, and re-washing of grain is carried out with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Germinating grain and seedling forcing is carried out in a thin layer without the use of the substrate by the air-irrigation method under periodic tedding, with the total germination duration of 6-8 days under natural light.

EFFECT: implementation of the method allows to obtain the vitamin forage additive for livestock and poultry with recommended biochemical and microbiological quality indices at low material and labour costs, and provides the acceleration of the production process of germinating the grain.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods for the production of vitamin green feed for feeding farm animals and birds.

A known method of producing a feed vitamin supplement, characterized by grinding the feedstock, adding water, heat treating the obtained substrate, fermenting growing yeast under conditions of aeration on a nutrient medium, followed by isolation of the target product, obtain a suspension with a solids concentration of at least 6% and for more than 24 hours from the time of preparation canned hypochlorite in the form of 5% aqueous solutions in a dosage of 0.005-0.01% to the volume of suspension (active chlorine) (US Pat. RU No. 2290831).

The disadvantage of the method of obtaining feed vitamin supplements is significant energy consumption, an additional intake of growing yeast cultures, as well as the use of preservative agents, which, in turn, can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals.

There is also known a method of growing green hydroponic feed (US Pat. RU No. 2429592), including pre-soaking the seed with activated water with a pH of 8-10, obtained by electrolysis, in a rarefied medium at a pressure of 650-680 mm Hg with simultaneous stirring for 5-9 minutes with a drum speed of 10 rpm

The disadvantage of this method is the use for soaking seed of a vacuum medium created by a special device.

The closest prototype analogue to the claimed one is a known method of producing hydroponic green fodder, comprising soaking seeds in catholyte with electroactivated water obtained by electroactivation of a 4-6% solution of ammonium sulfate with a pH of 9-10, redox potential (-800) - (- 900) mV, with a specific consumption of electricity of 0.062-0.070 A / h per 1 liter of catholyte and anolyte, with soaking for 3-5 hours with a total germination time of 10 days: the first 2 days without lighting, the next 8 days when illuminated and, and the distillation of seedlings (Pat RU №2524538 -. prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the significant complexity of the process of germination of grain and its complication due to the use of two phases of germination - without light and in its presence, as well as the formation of ammonia on the cathode during electrolysis, which can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals and birds. This method does not allow to reduce the duration of germination without loss of quality of green feed.

Known methods do not allow to obtain high-quality vitamin green feed in a short time without additional labor and loss of quality of raw materials.

The technical result is to increase the energy of germination of oat grain, increase the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed) by ensuring the protection of plants from diseases, as well as accelerate the process of germinating vitamin greens.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of producing vitamin green feed, including soaking the grain in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, according to the invention, oat grain is used as the initial grain, the washing of oat grain is carried out with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after whereby the washed grain is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 2.4-7.8 units. and a redox potential of 260-720 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.3-12.5 mg / L, obtained by contact activation of a 6-10% solution of ammonium sulfate for 3.5-4.5 hours, with a grain ratio to the anolyte 1: 2, then the anolyte is removed and the grain is washed again with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the germination of the grain is carried out in a thin layer without using the substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination time of 6-8 days in natural light.

The novelty of the proposed method for the production of vitamin green fodder consists in increasing the energy of germination of oat grains and increasing the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed) by protecting the seedlings from disease by using anolyte with a pH of 2.4-7.8 units. and a redox potential of 260-720 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.3-12.5 mg / l, as well as a reduction in the duration of germination without loss of feed quality with minimal material and labor costs.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and were not identified when studying patent and scientific and technical literature in this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed method for the production of vitamin green fodder can be used in industrial specialized enterprises.

Anolyte solution for treating oat grains was obtained by contact activation of a 6-10% solution of ammonium sulfate at a current strength of 5 A for 12-15 minutes. This time and amperage is sufficient to obtain anolyte with specified physicochemical parameters. The current strength for obtaining a high-quality anolyte should be 5 A. If the current strength during processing is less than 5 A, then it will not be enough to acidify the anolyte to the required value and the hydrolysis process will slow down. If the current strength for processing is more than 5 A, then due to the increase in resistance, part of the energy consumption will be spent on heating the solution, which will increase the current consumption and reduce the rate of increase in pH.

If the time of washing the grain from dust and impurities is less than 4 minutes, then this time will not be enough for high-quality washing of grain, if the washing time is more than 8 minutes, this will slow down the germination technology, therefore the optimal time for washing the grain from impurities and dust is 6 minutes.

If in the claimed method of producing vitamin green fodder in the process of soaking the grain the pH of the anolyte will be less than 2.4 units, this contributes to the inhibitory effect of the processes of grain germination due to the increase in acidity of the anolyte medium, which leads to a decrease in the energy of germination of oat grain and a decrease in the biomass yield and plant productivity (stern). If the pH is greater than 7.8 units, this leads to a slowdown in the moisture consumption of the grain shell and increases the germination time of the feed additive, therefore, the optimal pH for the anolyte used as a lock solution for grain is 5.1 units.

If the anolyte ORP is less than 260 mV, then the stimulating effect of the anolyte on the biochemical processes of grain decreases, and the germination energy decreases, and if the ORP is more than 720 mV, this leads to an increase in oxidative processes in solution, which slows down the activity of the enzyme systems of the grain and the yield plant biomass; therefore, an ORP of 490 mV is optimal for anolyte.

If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is less than 6.3 mg / L, then this significantly reduces the process of saturation of the grain with moisture by the shell of the grain and, as a result, reduces the activity of grain swelling, which slows down the germination of grain and increases the germination time. If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is more than 12.5 mg / L, then a high degree of oxygen saturation of the solution increases oxidative reactions, which slows down the functioning of the enzyme systems of the grain and worsens the germination energy, therefore, the optimal oxygen concentration is 9.4 mg / L.

Declared the optimal ratio of grain to anolyte, equal to 1: 2, respectively. If the ratio of grain to anolyte is greater, this contributes to the development of unfavorable microflora, which makes it difficult to germinate, if less, saturation of the endosperm of the grain with moisture will be insufficient, which will also slow down the process of germination. Therefore, the optimal ratio of grain to anolyte, respectively, is 1: 2.

The optimal time for re-washing the grain after soaking in the anolyte is 5 minutes. Rinsing less than 5 minutes is not enough to remove anolyte residues from the grain, if more - this helps to increase the time of the process of germination of feed.

If the germination time of the grain is less than 6 days, this contributes to insufficient accumulation of sugars and enzymes necessary for high-quality feed additives. If more than 8 days, the grain grows, and therefore its quality deteriorates, so the optimal germination time is 7 days.

A method of producing vitamin green feed is as follows.

The washing of oat grains is carried out with tap water for 4-8 minutes. After which the washed grain is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 2.4-7.8 units. and a redox potential of 260-720 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.3-12.5 mg / L, obtained by contact activation for 3.5-4.5 hours, with a grain to anolyte ratio of 1: 2. After that, the anolyte is removed and the grain is washed again with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Grain germination is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination time of 6-8 days in natural light.

An example of the method

Take 1 kg of Valdin-765 oat grain and washed for 6 min under tap water, weed impurity, dust are removed from the grain mass and placed in one layer in a low plastic container without substrate, pouring with anolyte obtained by contact by electrolysis 8% solution of ammonium sulfate, in the ratio of grain to anolyte 1: 2 for 4 hours at an ambient temperature of 18 ° C.

After 4 hours, the anolyte is carefully drained, and the grain is repeatedly washed with tap water to remove residual anolyte from the grain mass, after which the stage of air-irrigation germination begins. The swollen grain is laid out in a thin layer on plastic spacers and covered with wet gauze and left at a temperature of 18 ° C and natural light, periodically irrigating the grain with water, begin to overtake the green biomass.

As a result of microbiological studies when sowing grain processed according to the proposed method, on the MPA and Chapek medium, the degree of contamination of the fungal and bacterial microflora was minimal.

Table 1 presents the difference in the energy indicators of the germination of oat grains sprouted using anolyte obtained by contact activation with the specified parameters and the prototype methodology (control) in five replicates. The energy of germination of oat grain was determined according to GOST 10968-88 "Grain. Methods for determining germination energy and germination ability. " The data of biochemical studies and the content of vitamins in oat seedlings are presented in table 2.

On average, the difference in the energy of germination of oat grain between the control option (prototype) and the experimental (by the proposed method) was 4.8%.

The following vitamins were determined in the green mass: B1 - 2 mg / 100 g, B2 - 0.6 mg / 100 g, B3 - 2.3 mg / 100 g, B6 - 3.2 mg / 100 g, E - 19 mg / 100 g

Thus, the presented biochemical data allow us to conclude that the feed is suitable for inclusion in the diet of farm animals and birds.

As can be seen, treating oat grains with an anolyte obtained by the contact method with the stated parameters significantly reduces the germination time of grains by 72 hours due to increased germination energy and plant productivity, as well as an increase in biomass yield by protecting plants from contaminating microorganisms.

The proposed method for the production of vitamin green feed will reduce energy and labor costs in connection with a single use of anolyte without additional treatments with other solutions, the method does not require special equipment for germinating grain.

Claims (1)

A method of producing vitamin green feed, including soaking the grain in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, characterized in that the oat grain is used as the source grain, the oat grain is washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed grain is soaked with anolyte with pH 2.4-7.8 and a redox potential of 260-720 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.3-12.5 mg / l, obtained by contact activation of a 6-10% solution of ammonium sulfate for 3.5-4, 5 hours, with a grain ratio anolyte 1: 2, then the anolyte is removed and the grain is washed again with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the germination of the grain is carried out in a thin layer without using the substrate by air irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination time of 6-8 days at natural light.