RU2622255C1 - Method for producing functional forage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves soaking the corn grain in electro-activated water, germinating and seedlings forcing. The grain is represented by corn, washing the corn grain is carried out in tap water for 4-8 minutes. The washed grain is soaked in anolyte with the pH of 2.4-8.0 units and the redox potential of 230-810 mV, the oxygen concentration of 6.0 -14.8 mg/l, obtained by means of the contact activation of 6-10% ammonium sulfate solution, for 3.5-4.5 hours, at the ratio of grain to anolyte 1:2. Thereafter, the anolyte is removed and the grain is re-washed by tap water within 3-8 minutes, and germinating the grain is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by means of air-irrigation method at periodic tedding, at the total germination duration of 6-8 days under natural light.

EFFECT: using the invention will allow to obtain functional forage by accelerating the production process of grain germination and to reduce its duration, as well as to obtain forage for livestock and poultry, with recommended biochemical and microbiological quality indices at low material and labour costs.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of manufacturing a functional feed for feeding farm animals and birds.

A known method of producing a feed vitamin supplement, characterized by grinding the feedstock, adding water, heat treating the obtained substrate, fermenting growing yeast under conditions of aeration on a nutrient medium, followed by isolation of the target product, obtain a suspension with a solids concentration of at least 6% and for more than 24 hours from the time of preparation canned hypochlorite in the form of 5% aqueous solutions in a dosage of 0.005-0.01% by volume of suspension (active chlorine) (US Pat. RU No. 2290831).

The disadvantage of the method of obtaining feed vitamin supplements is significant energy consumption, as well as an additional intake - the cultivation of yeast cultures, as well as the use of preservative reagents, which, in turn, can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals.

There is also known a method of growing green hydroponic feed (US Pat. RU No. 2429592), including pre-soaking the seed with activated water with a pH of 8-10, obtained by electrolysis, in a rarefied medium at a pressure of 650-680 mm Hg with simultaneous stirring for 5-9 minutes with a drum speed of 10 rpm

The disadvantage of this method is the use for soaking seed of a vacuum medium created by a special device.

The closest prototype analogue to the claimed one is a known method for producing hydroponic green food, including soaking seeds in catholyte with electroactivated water, which is obtained by electroactivation of a 4-6% solution of ammonium sulfate with a pH of 9-10, redox potential (-800) - ( -900) mV, with a specific electricity consumption of 0.062-0.070 A / h per 1 liter of catholyte and anolyte, soaked for 3-5 hours with a total germination time of 10 days: the first 2 days without lighting, the next 8 days when besides (pat. RU No. 2524538 - prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the significant complexity of the process of germination of grain and its complication due to the use of two phases of germination - without light and in its presence, as well as the formation of ammonia on the cathode during electrolysis, which can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals and birds. This method does not allow to reduce the duration of germination without loss of feed quality.

Known methods do not allow to obtain high-quality functional food in a short time without additional labor and loss of quality of raw materials.

The technical result is to increase the energy of germination of corn grain, increase the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed) by protecting plants from diseases and accelerate the technological process of germination of feed.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of manufacturing a functional feed, including soaking the grain in electroactivated water, germinating and sprouting the sprouts, according to the invention, washing the corn grain is carried out with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed grain is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 2.4 -8.0 units and a redox potential of 230-810 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-14.8 mg / l, for 3.5-4.5 hours, with a grain to anolyte ratio of 1: 2, then the anolyte is removed and repeated washing the grain with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the germination of the grain is carried out in a thin layer without using the substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination time of 6-8 days in natural light.

The novelty of the proposed method for the production of functional feed consists in increasing the energy of germination of corn grain and increasing the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed) by protecting plants from diseases, as a result of the use of anolyte with a pH of 2.4-8.0 units. and a redox potential of 230-810 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-14.8 mg / l, as well as a reduction in germination time without loss of feed quality with minimal material and labor costs.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and have not been identified in the study of patent and scientific and technical literature in this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed method for the production of functional feed can be used in industrial specialized enterprises.

Anolyte solution for processing corn grain was obtained by contact activation of a 6-10% solution of ammonium sulfate at a current strength of 5 A for 12-15 minutes. This time and amperage is sufficient to obtain anolyte with specified physicochemical parameters. The current strength for obtaining a high-quality anolyte should be 5 A. If the current strength during processing is less than 5 A, then it will not be enough to acidify the anolyte to the required value and the hydrolysis process will slow down. If the current strength for processing is more than 5 A, then due to the increase in resistance, part of the energy consumption will be spent on heating the solution, which will increase the current consumption and reduce the rate of increase in pH.

If the time of washing the grain from dust and impurities is less than 4 minutes, then this time will not be enough for high-quality washing of grain, if the washing time is more than 8 minutes, this will slow down the germination technology, therefore the optimal time for washing the grain from impurities and dust is 6 minutes.

If the claimed method for the production of functional feed during the soaking of the grain has anolyte pH less than 2.4 units, this contributes to the inhibitory effect of the processes of grain germination in view of the increase in acidity of the anolyte medium, which leads to a decrease in the energy of germination of oat grain and a decrease in the biomass yield and plant productivity (stern). If the pH is greater than 8.0 units, this leads to a slowdown in the moisture consumption of the grain shell and increases the germination time of the feed additive; therefore, the optimal pH for the anolyte used as a lock solution for grain is 5.2 units.

If the anolyte ORP is less than 230 mV, then the stimulating effect of the anolyte on the biochemical processes of the grain decreases, and the germination energy decreases, and if the ORP is more than 810 mV, this leads to an increase in oxidative processes in solution, which slows down the activity of the enzyme systems of the grain and the yield plant biomass; therefore, an ORP of 520 mV is optimal for anolyte.

If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is less than 6.0 mg / l, this significantly reduces the process of saturation of the grain with moisture by the shell of the grain and, as a consequence, reduces the activity of grain swelling, which slows down the germination of grain and increases the time of germination. If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is more than 14.8 mg / l, then a high degree of oxygen saturation of the solution increases oxidative reactions, which slows down the enzyme systems of the grain and degrades the germination energy, therefore, the optimal oxygen concentration is 10.4 mg / l.

Declared the optimal ratio of grain to anolyte, equal to 1: 2, respectively. If the ratio of grain to anolyte is greater, this contributes to the development of unfavorable microflora, which makes it difficult to germinate, if less, saturation of the endosperm of the grain with moisture will be insufficient, which will also slow down the process of germination.

The optimal time for re-washing the grain after soaking in the anolyte is 5 minutes. Rinsing less than 5 minutes is insufficient to remove anolyte residues from the grain, if more - this helps to increase the time of the process of germination of feed.

If the time of germination of grain is less than 6 days, this contributes to insufficient accumulation of sugars and enzymes necessary for high-quality feed. If more than 8 days, the grain grows, and therefore its quality deteriorates, so the optimal germination time is 7 days.

A method of manufacturing a functional feed is as follows.

The washing of corn grain is carried out with tap water for 4-8 minutes. After that, the washed grain is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 2.4-8.0 and a redox potential of 230-810 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-14.8 mg / l for 3.5-4.5 hours, at a ratio grains to anolyte 1: 2. After that, the anolyte is removed and the grain is washed again with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Grain germination is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination time of 6-8 days in natural light.

An example implementation of the method.

Take 1 kg of corn grain hybrid Krasnodar 309 and washed for 6 min under tap water, remove the weed impurity from the grain mass, dust and place it in one layer in a low plastic container, pouring with anolyte obtained by a contactless method by electrolysis of an 8% sulfate solution ammonium, in the ratio of grain to anolyte 1: 2 for 4 hours at an ambient temperature of 18 ° C.

After 4 hours, the anolyte is carefully drained, and the grain is repeatedly washed with tap water to remove residual anolyte from the grain mass, after which the stage of air-irrigation germination begins. The swollen grain is laid out in a thin layer on plastic spacers and covered with wet gauze and left at a temperature of 18 ° C and natural light, periodically irrigating the grain with water, begin to overtake the green biomass.

As a result of microbiological studies when sowing grain processed according to the proposed method, on the MPA and Chapek medium, the degree of contamination of the fungal and bacterial microflora was minimal.

Table 1 presents the difference in the energy indices of germination of corn grain, germinated using anolyte obtained by contact activation, with the specified parameters and by the method of the prototype (control) in five replicates. The energy of germination of corn grain was determined according to GOST 10968-88 "Grain. Methods for determining germination energy and germination ability. " The data of biochemical studies and the content of vitamins in corn seedlings are presented in table 2.

On average, the difference in the energy of germination of corn grain between the control option (prototype) and experimental (by the proposed method) was 5.1%.

The following vitamin content was determined in green mass: B1 - 0.38 mg / 100 g, B2 - 0.12 mg / 100 g, B6 - 0.47 mg / 100 g, E - 1.2 mg / 100 g.

Thus, the use of the recommended functional food will improve the quality of the food. The biochemical data presented allow us to conclude that the feed additive is suitable for inclusion in the diet of farm animals and birds.

As can be seen, the processing of corn grain with anolyte obtained by the contact method with the stated parameters significantly reduces the germination time of grain by 48 hours, due to increased germination energy and plant productivity, as well as an increase in biomass yield by protecting plants from contaminating microorganisms.

The proposed method for the production of functional feed will reduce energy and labor costs in connection with a single use of anolyte without additional treatments with other solutions, the method does not require special equipment for germinating grain.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing a functional feed, including soaking corn grain in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, characterized in that corn is used as grain, corn is washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed grain is soaked with anolyte with pH 2 , 4-8.0 units and a redox potential of 230-810 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-14.8 mg / l, obtained by contact activation of a 6-10% solution of ammonium sulfate, for 3.5-4.5 hours at a grain to anolyte ratio 1: 2, then the anolyte is removed and the grain is washed again with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the germination of the grain is carried out in a thin layer without using the substrate by air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination time of 6-8 days with natural lighting.