RU2618128C1 - Method of obtaining vitamin forage additive from corn grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of obtaining a vitamin forage additive from corn grain comprises washing corn grain with tap water for 4-8 min. Thereinafter the washed grain is soaked in anolyte with the pH of 3.0-6.0 and the redox potential of 970-1,110 mV, the oxygen concentration of 8.3 to 12.0 mg/l and the chlorine concentration of 0.006 to 0.01 mg/l for 3.5-4.5 hours, at the ratio of grain to anolyte 1:2. Thereinafter, the anolyte is removed, and re-washing of grain is carried out with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Germinating the grain and seedling forcing is carried out in a thin layer without the use of the substrate by the air-irrigation method at periodic tedding, with the total germination duration of 7-9 days under natural light.

EFFECT: using the invention will allow to obtain high-quality forage from corn grain by accelerating the production process of grain germination and to reduce its duration, as well as to obtain vitamin forage for livestock and poultry with recommended biochemical and microbiological quality indices at low material and labour costs.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the production of protein-vitamin feed additives from corn for feeding agricultural animals and birds.

A known method of producing a feed vitamin supplement, characterized by grinding the feedstock, adding water, heat treating the obtained substrate, fermenting growing yeast under conditions of aeration on a nutrient medium, followed by isolation of the target product, obtain a suspension with a solids concentration of at least 6% and for more than 24 hours from the time of preparation canned hypochlorite in the form of 5% aqueous solutions in a dosage of 0.005-0.01% to the volume of suspension (active chlorine) (US Pat. RU No. 2290831).

The disadvantage of the method of obtaining feed vitamin supplements is significant energy consumption, as well as an additional intake - the cultivation of yeast cultures, as well as the use of preservative reagents, which, in turn, can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals.

There is also known a method of growing green hydroponic feed (US Pat. RU No. 2429592), including pre-soaking the seed with activated water with a pH of 8-10, obtained by electrolysis in a rarefied medium at a pressure of 650-680 mm RT. Art. with simultaneous stirring for 5-9 minutes with a drum speed of 10 rpm

The disadvantage of this method is the use for soaking seed of a vacuum medium created by a special device.

The closest prototype analogue to the claimed one is a known method for producing hydroponic green food, including soaking seeds in catholyte with electroactivated water, which is obtained by electroactivation of a 4-6% solution of ammonium sulfate with a pH of 9-10, redox potential (-800) - ( -900) mV, with a specific consumption of electricity amount of 0.062-0.070 A / h per 1 liter of catholyte and anolyte, with soaking for 3-5 hours with a total germination time of 10 days: the first 2 days without lighting, the next 8 days - when lighting communication (US Pat. RU No. 2524538 - prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the significant complexity of the process of germination of grain and its complexity due to the use of two phases of germination - without light and in its presence, as well as the formation of ammonia on the cathode during electrolysis, which can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals and birds. This method does not allow to reduce the duration of germination without loss of quality of green feed.

Known methods do not allow to obtain high-quality vitamin feed supplement in a short time without additional labor costs and loss of quality of raw materials.

The technical result is to increase the energy of germination of corn grain, increase the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed), to protect seedlings from diseases and accelerate the technological process of grain germination.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for producing a vitamin feed additive from corn, including soaking the grain in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, according to the invention, corn grain is used as the initial seed, washing the corn grain with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed grain is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 and a redox potential of 970-1110 mV, an oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3 , 5-4.5 hours, with respectively mixing grain to the anolyte 1: 2, then remove the anolyte and re-wash the grain with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the germination of the grain is carried out in a thin layer without using the substrate by air irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination time of 7- 9 days in natural light.

The novelty of the proposed method for producing protein-vitamin feed additives is to increase the energy of germination of corn grain and increase the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed) by protecting the seedlings from disease, as a result of the use of anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 units. and a redox potential of 970-1110 mV, an oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l, as well as a reduction in the duration of germination without loss of quality of the feed additive with minimal material and labor costs.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and were not identified when studying patent and scientific and technical literature in this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed method for the production of protein-vitamin feed additives from corn may be used in industrial specialized enterprises.

Anolyte solution for processing corn grain was obtained by contact activation of a 10% sodium chloride solution at a current strength of 5 A for 12-15 minutes. This time and amperage is sufficient to obtain anolyte with specified physicochemical parameters. The current strength for obtaining a high-quality anolyte should be 5 A. If the current strength during processing is less than 5 A, then it will not be enough to acidify the anolyte to the required value and the hydrolysis process will slow down. If the current strength for processing is more than 5 A, then due to the increase in resistance, part of the energy consumption will be spent on heating the solution, which will increase the current consumption and reduce the rate of increase in pH.

If the time of washing the grain from dust and impurities is less than 4 minutes, then this time will not be enough for high-quality washing of grain, if the washing time is more than 8 minutes, this will slow down the germination technology, therefore the optimal time for washing the grain from impurities and dust is 6 minutes.

If in the claimed method for producing a hydroponic protein-vitamin feed additive from corn grains during the soaking process, the pH of the anolyte is less than 3.0 units, this contributes to the inhibitory effect of the processes of grain germination due to the increase in acidity of the anolyte medium, which leads to a decrease in the energy of germination of corn grain and decrease in biomass yield and plant productivity (feed). If the pH is greater than 6.0 units, this slows down the hydration of the grain and increases the germination time of the feed additive; therefore, the optimum pH for the anolyte used as a mortar for grain is 4.5 units.

If the anolyte ORP is less than 970 mV, then the stimulating effect of the anolyte on the biochemical processes of grain decreases, and the germination energy decreases, and if the ORP is more than 1110 mV, this leads to an increase in oxidative processes in solution, which slows down the activity of the enzyme systems of the grain and the yield biomass of plants, therefore, an ORP of 1040 mV is optimal for anolyte.

If the concentration of chlorine in the anolyte is less than 0.006 mg / l, then this contributes to the active development of contaminating microorganisms, which negatively affects the quality indicators of the feed additive. If the chlorine concentration is more than 0.01 mg / l, the increased chlorine content inhibits the germination energy, which increases the germination time of the feed additive, and also makes it difficult to use this technology in industry, so the optimal concentration of chlorine in the anolyte is 0.008 mg / l.

If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is less than 8.3 mg / L, this significantly reduces the moisture consumption of the grain shell and, as a result, reduces the activity of grain swelling, which slows down the germination of grain and increases the germination time. If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is greater than 12.0 mg / l, then a high degree of oxygen saturation of the solution increases oxidative reactions, which slows down the functioning of the enzyme systems of the grain and degrades the germination energy and the accumulation of plant biomass; therefore, the optimal oxygen concentration is 10.2 mg / l

If the ratio of grain to anolyte is greater, this contributes to the development of unfavorable microflora, which makes it difficult to germinate, if less, saturation of the endosperm of the grain with moisture will be insufficient, which will also slow down the process of germination. Therefore, the optimal ratio of grain to anolyte, respectively, is 1: 2.

The optimal time for re-washing the grain after soaking in the anolyte is 5 minutes. Rinsing less than 5 minutes is not enough to remove anolyte residues from the grain, if more - this helps to increase the time of the process of germination of feed.

If the germination time of the grain is less than 7 days, this contributes to insufficient accumulation of sugars and enzymes necessary for high-quality feed additives. If more than 9 days, the grain grows, and therefore its quality deteriorates, so the optimal germination time is 8 days.

A method of obtaining a protein-vitamin feed additive is as follows.

The washing of corn grain is carried out with tap water for 4-8 minutes. After that, the washed grain is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 and a redox potential of 970-1110 mV, an oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3 , 5-4.5 hours, with a grain to anolyte ratio of 1: 2. After that, the anolyte is removed and the grain is washed again with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Grain germination is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination duration of 7-9 days in natural light.

An example of the method

Take 1 kg of grain of corn hybrid Krasnodar 309 and washed for 6 min under tap water, remove the weed impurity from the grain, dust and put in one layer in a low plastic container without substrate, pouring with anolyte in the ratio of grain to anolyte 1: 2 for 4 hours at an ambient temperature of 18 ° C.

After 4 hours, the anolyte is carefully drained and the grain is repeatedly washed with tap water to remove the remaining anolyte from the grain mass, after which the stage of air-irrigation germination begins. The swollen grain is laid out in a thin layer on plastic spacers and covered with wet gauze and left at a temperature of 18 ° C and natural light, periodically irrigating the grain with water, begin to expel green biomass.

As a result of microbiological studies when sowing grain processed according to the proposed method, on the MPA and Chapek medium, the degree of contamination of the fungal and bacterial microflora was minimal.

Table 1 presents the difference in the energy indices of germination of corn grain, germinated using anolyte obtained by contact activation, with the specified parameters and by the method of the prototype (control) in five replicates. The energy of germination of corn grain was determined according to GOST 10968-88 "Grain. Methods for determining germination energy and germination ability. " Data biochemical studies and the content of vitamins in the plant biomass of corn are presented in table 2.

On average, the difference in the energy of germination of corn grain between the control option (prototype) and experimental (by the proposed method) was 5.1%.

The following vitamin content was determined in green mass: B1 - 0.38 mg / 100 g, B2 - 0.12 mg / 100 g, B6 - 0.47 mg / 100 g, E - 1.2 mg / 100 g.

Thus, the presented biochemical data allow us to conclude that the vitamin feed supplement is suitable for inclusion in the diet of farm animals and birds.

As can be seen, treating corn grain with an anolyte obtained by the contact method with the stated parameters significantly reduces the germination time of grain by 48 hours due to increased germination energy and plant productivity, as well as an increase in biomass yield by protecting plants from contaminating microorganisms.

The proposed method for producing protein-vitamin feed additives will reduce energy and labor costs in connection with a single use of anolyte without additional treatments with other solutions, the method does not require special equipment for germination of corn grain.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining a vitamin feed additive from corn, including soaking the grain in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, characterized in that the corn grain is used as the initial grain, the corn is washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed grain is soaked anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 and a redox potential of 970-1110 mV, an oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3.5-4, 5 hours, with a grain to anolyte ratio of 1: 2, then remove Nolito and re-washing is performed grain tap water for 3-8 minutes and germinating grain in a thin layer is carried out without using an air-substrate method at reflux tedding periodic, with a total duration of 7-9 days germinating under natural light.