RU2618125C1 - Method for producing protein vitamin green forage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves soaking the seeds in electro-activated water, germinating and seedlings forcing. The initial seeds are represented by pea seeds. Washing the pea seeds is carried out with tap water for 4-8 minutes, thereinafter the washed seeds are soaked in anolyte with the pH of 2.4-7.8 and the redox potential of 260-720 mV, the oxygen concentration of 6.0-12.8 mg/l, obtained by the contact activation of 6-10% ammonium sulfate solution, within 3.5-4.5 hours at the ratio of seeds to anolyte 1:2. Thereafter, the anolyte is removed and the seeds are re-washed by tap water within 3-8 minutes, and germinating the seeds is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by means of air-irrigation method at periodic tedding, at the total germination duration of 6-8 days under natural light.

EFFECT: method allows to obtain high-quality protein-vitamin green forage by accelerating the process of seed germination and to reduce its duration, and to obtain protein-vitamin green forage for livestock and poultry with recommended biochemical and microbiological quality indices, at low material and labour costs.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods for the manufacture of protein-vitamin green feed for feeding farm animals and birds.

A known method of producing a feed vitamin supplement, characterized by grinding the feedstock, adding water, heat treating the obtained substrate, fermenting growing yeast under conditions of aeration on a nutrient medium, followed by isolation of the target product, obtain a suspension with a solids concentration of at least 6% and for more than 24 hours from the time of preparation canned hypochlorite in the form of 5% aqueous solutions in a dosage of 0.005-0.01% to the volume of suspension (active chlorine) (US Pat. RU No. 2290831).

The disadvantage of the method of obtaining feed vitamin supplements is significant energy consumption, as well as an additional intake - the cultivation of yeast cultures, as well as the use of preservative reagents, which, in turn, can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals.

There is also known a method of growing green hydroponic feed (US Pat. RU No. 2429592), including pre-soaking the seed with activated water with a pH of 8-10, obtained by electrolysis, in a rarefied medium at a pressure of 650-680 mm Hg with simultaneous stirring for 5-9 minutes with a drum speed of 10 rpm

The disadvantage of this method is the use for soaking seed of a vacuum medium created by a special device.

The closest prototype analogue to the claimed one is a known method of producing hydroponic green fodder, comprising soaking seeds in catholyte with electroactivated water obtained by electroactivation of a 4-6% solution of ammonium sulfate with a pH of 9-10, redox potential (-800) - (- 900) mV, with a specific consumption of electricity of 0.062-0.070 A / h per 1 liter of catholyte and anolyte, soaked for 3-5 hours with a total germination time of 10 days: the first 2 days without lighting, the next 8 days under lighting and the distillation of seedlings (Pat RU №2524538 -. prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the significant complexity of the process of germination of grain and its complication due to the use of two phases of germination - without light and in its presence, as well as the formation of ammonia on the cathode during electrolysis, which can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals and birds. This method does not allow to reduce the duration of germination without loss of quality of green feed.

Known methods do not allow to obtain high-quality vitamin green feed in a short time without additional labor and loss of quality of raw materials.

The technical result is to increase the energy of germination of pea seeds, to increase the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed), to protect plants from diseases and to accelerate the process of germinating vitamin greens.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of manufacturing protein-vitamin green fodder, comprising soaking seeds in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, according to the invention, pea seeds are used as initial seeds, pea seeds are washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed seed is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 2.4-7.8 and a redox potential of 260-720 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-12.8 mg / l, obtained by contact activation of a 6-10% solution of sul ammonium fat, for 3.5-4.5 hours, with a seed to anolyte ratio of 1: 2, then the anolyte is removed and the seeds are washed again with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the seeds are germinated in a thin layer without the use of a substrate by air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total duration of germination of 6-8 days in natural light.

The novelty of the proposed method for the production of protein-vitamin green fodder consists in increasing the energy of germination of pea seeds and increasing the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed) by protecting the seedlings from disease by using anolyte with a pH of 2.4-7.8 units. and redox potential of 260-720 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-12.8 mg / l, as well as a reduction in germination time without loss of feed quality with minimal material and labor costs.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and were not identified when studying patent and scientific and technical literature in this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed method for the production of protein-vitamin green fodder can be used in industrial specialized enterprises.

Anolyte solution for treating pea seeds was obtained by contact activation of a 6-10% solution of ammonium sulfate at a current strength of 5 A for 12-15 minutes. This time and amperage is sufficient to obtain anolyte with specified physicochemical parameters. The current strength for obtaining a high-quality anolyte should be 5 A. If the current strength during processing is less than 5 A, then it will not be enough to acidify the anolyte to the required value and the hydrolysis process will slow down. If the current strength for processing is more than 5 A, then due to the increase in resistance, part of the energy consumption will be spent on heating the solution, which will increase the current consumption and reduce the rate of increase in pH.

If the time of washing the seeds from dust and impurities is less than 4 minutes, then this time will not be enough for high-quality washing of seeds, if the washing time is more than 8 minutes, this will slow down the germination technology, so the optimal time for washing seeds from impurities and dust is 6 minutes.

If in the claimed method for the production of protein-vitamin green fodder in the process of seed soaking, the pH of the anolyte will be less than 2.4 units, this contributes to the inhibitory effect of the processes of seed germination due to the increased acidity of the anolyte medium, which leads to a decrease in the energy of germination of pea seeds and a decrease in the biomass yield and plant productivity (feed). If the pH is greater than 7.8 units, this leads to a slowdown in the moisture consumption of the seed coat and increases the germination time of the feed additive; therefore, the optimal pH for the anolyte used as a lock solution for seeds is 5.1 units.

If the anolyte ORP is less than 260 mV, then the stimulating effect of the anolyte on the biochemical processes in the seeds decreases, and the germination energy decreases, and if the ORP is more than 720 mV, this leads to an increase in oxidative processes in solution, which slows down the activity of the enzyme systems of seeds and yield of plant biomass; therefore, an ORP of 490 mV is optimal for anolyte.

If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is less than 6.0 mg / l, then this significantly reduces the process of saturation with moisture by the seed coat and, as a result, reduces the activity of seed swelling, which slows down the germination of seeds and increases the time of germination. If the concentration of oxygen in the anolyte is more than 12.8 mg / l, then a high degree of saturation of the solution with oxygen increases oxidative reactions, which slows down the functioning of the enzyme systems of seeds and degrades the energy of germination, therefore, the optimal concentration of oxygen is 9.4 mg / l.

Declared the optimal ratio of grain to anolyte, equal to 1: 2, respectively. If the ratio of seeds to anolyte is greater, this contributes to the development of unfavorable microflora, which makes it difficult to germinate, if less, saturation of the endosperm of seeds with moisture will be insufficient, which will also slow down the process of germination.

The optimal time for repeated flushing of seeds after soaking in anolyte is 5 minutes. Rinsing less than 5 minutes is not enough to remove anolyte residues from the seeds, if more - this helps to increase the time of the process of germination of feed.

If the seed germination time is less than 6 days, this contributes to insufficient accumulation of sugars and enzymes necessary for a high-quality feed supplement. If more than 8 days, the seeds outgrow, and therefore the quality of protein-vitamin feed is deteriorating, so the optimal germination time is 7 days.

A method of manufacturing a protein-vitamin green feed is as follows.

Rinse pea seeds with tap water for 4-8 minutes. After that, the washed seed is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 2.4-7.8 and a redox potential of 260-720 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-12.8 mg / L, obtained by contact activation of a 6-10% solution of ammonium sulfate, within 3.5-4.5 hours, with a ratio of seeds to anolyte 1: 2. After that, the anolyte is removed and the seeds are re-flushed with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Germination of seeds is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total duration of germination of 6-8 days in natural light.

An example implementation of the method.

Take 1 kg of Argon pea seeds and washed for 6 min under tap water, remove the weed impurity from the seeds, dust and place them in one layer in a low plastic container without substrate, pouring with anolyte obtained by contact by electrolysis of an 8% sulfate solution ammonium, in the ratio of seeds to anolyte 1: 2 for 4 hours at an ambient temperature of 18 ° C.

After 4 hours, the anolyte is carefully drained and the seeds are washed again with tap water to remove the remaining anolyte, after which the stage of air-irrigation germination begins. The swollen seeds are laid out in a thin layer on plastic spacers and covered with wet gauze and left at a temperature of 18 ° C and natural light, periodically irrigating them with water, they begin to expel green biomass.

As a result of microbiological studies when sowing seeds treated according to the proposed method, on the MPA and Chapek medium, the degree of contamination of the fungal and bacterial microflora was minimal.

Table 1 presents the difference in energy indicators of the germination of pea seeds germinated using anolyte obtained by contact activation, with the specified parameters and by the method of the prototype (control) in five replicates. The energy of germination of pea seeds was determined according to GOST 10968. The data of biochemical studies and the content of vitamins in pea seedlings are presented in table 2.

On average, the difference in the energy of germination of pea seeds between the control variant (prototype) and the experimental one (by the proposed method) was 7%.

The following vitamin content was determined in the green mass: B1 - 0.4 mg / 100 g, B2 - 0.15 mg / 100 g, B12 - 0.3 mg / 100 g.

Thus, the presented biochemical data allow us to conclude that the feed is suitable for inclusion in the diet of farm animals and birds.

As can be seen, treating pea seeds with an anolyte obtained by the contact method with the stated parameters significantly reduces the seed germination time by 72 hours due to increased germination energy and plant productivity, as well as an increase in biomass yield by protecting plants from contaminating microorganisms.

The proposed method for the production of protein-vitamin green feed will reduce energy and labor costs in connection with a single use of anolyte without additional treatments with other solutions, the method does not require special equipment for seed germination.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing protein-vitamin green feed, including soaking seeds in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, characterized in that pea seeds are used as initial seeds, pea seeds are washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed seed is soaked anolyte with a pH of 2.4-7.8 and a redox potential of 260-720 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-12.8 mg / L, obtained by contact activation of a 6-10% solution of ammonium sulfate, for 3.5 -4.5 hours, when seeds to the anolyte 1: 2, then the anolyte is removed and the seeds are re-flushed with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the seeds are germinated in a thin layer without using the substrate by air irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination time of 6- 8 days in natural light.