RU2618121C1 - Method for producing functional forage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises washing alfalfa seeds with tap water for 4-8 minutes. Thereinafter the washed seeds are soaked in anolyte with the pH of 2.4-8.0 units and the redox potential of 230-810 mV, the oxygen concentration of 6.0-14.8 mg/l, obtained by the contact of activation of 6-10% ammonium sulfate solution, for 3.5-4.5 hours at the ratio of seeds to anolyte 1:2, respectively. Thereafter, the anolyte is removed, and the re-washing of seeds is carried out with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Germinating seeds and seedling forcing is carried out in a thin layer without the use of the substrate by the air-irrigation method under periodic tedding, with the total germination duration of 6-8 days under natural light.

EFFECT: implementation of the invention allows to obtain functional forage for livestock and poultry with recommended biochemical and microbiological quality indices, while reducing the material and labour costs and accelerating the production process of seeds germination.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods for producing functional feed for feeding farm animals and birds.

A known method of feed vitamin supplements, characterized by grinding the feedstock, adding water, heat treating the obtained substrate, fermenting the cultivation of yeast under aeration on a nutrient medium, followed by isolation of the target product, obtain a suspension with a dry matter concentration of at least 6% and for more than 24 hours from the time of preparation, they are preserved with hypochlorite in the form of 5% aqueous solutions in a dosage of 0.005-0.01% to the volume of the suspension (according to active chlorine) (US Pat. RU No. 2290831).

The disadvantage of the method of obtaining feed vitamin supplements is significant energy consumption, as well as an additional intake - the cultivation of yeast cultures, as well as the use of preservative reagents, which, in turn, can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals.

There is also known a method of growing green hydroponic feed (US Pat. RU No. 2429592), including pre-soaking the seed with activated water with a pH of 8-10, obtained by electrolysis, in a rarefied medium at a pressure of 650-680 mm Hg with simultaneous stirring for 5-9 minutes with a drum speed of 10 rpm

The disadvantage of this method is the use for soaking seed of a vacuum medium created by a special device.

The closest prototype analogue to the claimed one is a known method for producing hydroponic green food, including soaking seeds in catholyte with electroactivated water, which is obtained by electroactivation of a 4-6% solution of ammonium sulfate with a pH of 9-10, redox potential (-800) - ( -900) mV, with a specific electricity consumption of 0.062-0.070 A / h per 1 liter of catholyte and anolyte, soaked for 3-5 hours with a total germination time of 10 days: the first 2 days without lighting, the next 8 days when lighting development, and forcing seedlings (US Pat. RU No. 2524538 - prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the significant complexity of the process of germination of grain and its complication due to the use of two phases of germination - without light and in its presence, as well as the formation of ammonia at the cathode during electrolysis, which can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals and birds. This method does not allow to reduce the duration of germination without loss of feed quality.

Known methods do not allow to obtain high-quality functional food in a short time without additional labor and loss of quality of raw materials.

The technical result is to increase the germination energy of alfalfa seeds, increase the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed), protect seedlings from diseases and accelerate the process of obtaining functional feed.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of obtaining a functional feed, including soaking the seeds in electroactivated water, germinating and sprouting the sprouts, according to the invention, the alfalfa seeds are washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed seeds are soaked with anolyte with a pH of 2.4 -8.0 units and a redox potential of 230-810 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-14.8 mg / l, for 3.5-4.5 hours, with a seed to anolyte ratio of 1: 2, then the anolyte is removed and repeated washing the seeds with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the germination of seeds is carried out in a thin layer without using the substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination duration of 6-8 days in natural light.

The novelty of the proposed method of obtaining functional food consists in increasing the germination energy of alfalfa seeds and increasing the biomass yield and plant productivity (feed) by protecting seedlings from disease, as a result of the use of anolyte with a pH of 2.4-8.0 units. and a redox potential of 230-810 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-14.8 mg / l, as well as a reduction in germination time without loss of feed quality with minimal material and labor costs.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and were not identified when studying patent and scientific and technical literature in this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed method of obtaining functional food can be used in industrial specialized enterprises.

Anolyte solution for treating alfalfa seeds was obtained by contact activation of a 6-10% solution of ammonium sulfate at a current strength of 5 A for 12-15 minutes. This time and amperage is sufficient to obtain anolyte with specified physicochemical parameters. The current strength for obtaining a high-quality anolyte should be 5 A. If the current strength during processing is less than 5 A, then it will not be enough to acidify the anolyte to the required value and the hydrolysis process will slow down. If the current strength for processing is more than 5 A, then due to the increase in resistance, part of the energy consumption will be spent on heating the solution, which will increase the current consumption and reduce the rate of increase in pH.

If the time of washing the seeds from dust and impurities is less than 4 minutes, then this time will not be enough for high-quality washing of seeds, if the washing time is more than 8 minutes, this will slow down the germination technology, so the optimal time for washing seeds from impurities and dust is 6 minutes.

If in the claimed method of obtaining functional food during the soaking of seeds the pH of the anolyte is less than 2.4 units, this contributes to the inhibitory effect of the processes of seed germination due to an increase in the acidity of the anolyte medium, which leads to a decrease in the germination energy of alfalfa seeds and a decrease in the biomass yield and plant productivity ( stern). If the pH is greater than 8.0 units, this leads to a slowdown in moisture consumption by the seed coat and increases the germination time of the feed; therefore, the optimal pH for the anolyte used as a lock solution for grain is 5.2 units.

If the anolyte ORP is less than 230 mV, the stimulating effect of the anolyte on the biochemical processes of seeds decreases, and the germination energy decreases, and if the ORP is more than 810 mV, this leads to an increase in oxidative processes in solution, which slows down the activity of the enzyme systems of seeds and the yield of plant biomass, therefore, an ORP of 520 mV is optimal for anolyte.

If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is less than 6.0 mg / l, then this significantly reduces the saturation of seeds with moisture by the shell of the seeds and, as a result, reduces the activity of seed swelling, which slows down the germination of seeds and increases the germination time. If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is more than 14.8 mg / l, then a high degree of oxygen saturation of the solution increases oxidative reactions, which slows down the functioning of the enzyme systems of the seeds and worsens the germination energy, therefore, the optimal oxygen concentration is 10.4 mg / l.

If the ratio of seeds to anolyte is greater, this contributes to the development of unfavorable microflora, which makes it difficult to germinate, if less, saturation of the endosperm of seeds with moisture will be insufficient, which will also slow down the process of germination. Therefore, the optimal ratio of grain to anolyte, respectively, is 1: 2.

The optimal time for repeated flushing of seeds after soaking in anolyte is 5 minutes. Rinsing less than 5 minutes is not enough to remove anolyte residues from the seeds, if more - this helps to increase the time of the process of germination of feed.

The claimed optimal ratio of seeds to anolyte is 1: 2. If the ratio of seeds to anolyte is greater, this contributes to the development of unfavorable microflora, which makes it difficult to germinate, if less, saturation of the endosperm of seeds with moisture will be insufficient, which will also slow down the process of germination.

The method of obtaining functional feed is as follows.

Alfalfa seeds are washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes. After that, the washed seeds are soaked with anolyte with a pH of 2.4-8.0 and a redox potential of 230-810 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-14.8 mg / l for 3.5-4.5 hours, at a ratio seeds to anolyte 1: 2. After that, the anolyte is removed and the seeds are re-flushed with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Germination of seeds is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total duration of germination of 6-8 days in natural light.

An example of the method

Take 1 kg of alfalfa seeds of the Slavic local variety and washed for 6 min under tap water, remove the weed impurity from the grain mass, dust and place it in one layer in a low plastic container without a substrate, pouring it with anolyte obtained by contact activation of an 8% sulfate solution ammonium, in the ratio of seeds to anolyte 1: 2 for 4 hours at an ambient temperature of 18 ° C.

After 4 hours, the anolyte is carefully drained and the seeds are repeatedly washed with tap water to remove the remaining anolyte from the grain mass, after which the stage of air irrigation germination begins. The swollen seeds are laid out in a thin layer on plastic spreads, covered with wet gauze and left at a temperature of 18 ° C and natural light, periodically irrigating the seeds with water, begin to expel green biomass.

As a result of microbiological studies when sowing seeds treated according to the proposed method, on the MPA and Chapek medium, the degree of contamination of the fungal and bacterial microflora was minimal.

Table 1 presents the difference in the indicators of germination energy of alfalfa seeds sprouted using anolyte obtained by contact activation with the indicated parameters and the prototype methodology (control) in five replicates. The energy of germination of wheat grain was determined according to GOST 10968-88 "Grain. Methods for determining germination energy and germination ability. " Data biochemical studies and the content of vitamins in alfalfa seedlings are presented in table 2.

On average, the difference in the germination energy of alfalfa seeds between the control variant (prototype) and the experimental one (by the proposed method) was 7.5%.

The following vitamin content was determined in the green mass: B1 - 0.076 mg / 100 g, B2 - 0.127 mg / 100 g, B3, B6 - 0.034 mg / 100 g, E - 0.02 mg / 100 g.

Thus, the presented biochemical data allow us to conclude that the functional feed is suitable for inclusion in the diet of farm animals and birds.

As can be seen, treating alfalfa seeds with anolyte obtained by contact activation with the stated parameters significantly reduces the germination time of grains by 72 hours due to increased germination energy and plant productivity, and also increases the biomass yield by protecting plants from contaminating microorganisms.

The proposed method of obtaining functional food will reduce energy and labor costs in connection with a single use of anolyte without additional treatments with other solutions, the method does not require special equipment for seed germination.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining functional food, including soaking seeds in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, characterized in that alfalfa seeds are used as seeds, alfalfa seeds are washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed seeds are soaked with anolyte with pH 2 , 4-8.0 units and a redox potential of 230-810 mV, an oxygen concentration of 6.0-14.8 mg / l, obtained by contact activation of a 6-10% solution of ammonium sulfate, for 3.5-4.5 hours at a grain to anolyte ratio 1: 2, then the anolyte is removed and the seeds are re-flushed with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the seeds are germinated in a thin layer without using the substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination time of 6-8 days with natural lighting.