RU2614639C1 - Method for production of vitamin fodder additive from rye grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to the methods of vitamin fodder additive production from rye grain. Vitamin fodder additive production method involves washing of rye grain by tap water for 4-8 minutes. Then the washed grains are soaked with anolyte with pH 3.0-6.0 and oxidation-reduction potential 970-1110 mV, concentration of oxygen 8.3-12.0 mg/L and of chlorine 0.006-0.01 mg/L during 3.5-4.5 hours at the ratio of grains to anolyte being 1:2. Afterwards anolyte is removed and the grains are washed by tap water again for 3-8 minutes. Seed germination and sprouting take place in thin layer without growing medium by the method of air spraying with periodic turning, the total duration of germinaton accounts for 7-9 days at natural ambient light.

EFFECT: invention allows for the production of qualitative vitamin fodder from rye grain due to the acceleration of seed germination process and reduction of its duration, as well as for the production of vitamin fodder for livestock and poultry with recommended biochemical and microbiological quality factors along with low finance and labour inputs.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to obtain a vitamin feed additive from rye grain for feeding agricultural animals and birds.

A known method of producing a feed vitamin supplement, characterized by grinding the feedstock, adding water, heat treating the obtained substrate, fermenting growing yeast under conditions of aeration on a nutrient medium, followed by isolation of the target product, obtain a suspension with a solids concentration of at least 6% and for more than 24 hours from the time of preparation canned hypochlorite in the form of 5% aqueous solutions in a dosage of 0.005-0.01% to the volume of suspension (active chlorine) (US Pat. RU No. 2290831).

The disadvantage of the method of obtaining feed vitamin supplements is significant energy consumption, as well as an additional intake - the cultivation of yeast cultures, as well as the use of preservative reagents, which, in turn, can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals.

There is also known a method of growing green hydroponic feed (US Pat. RU No. 2429592), including pre-soaking the seed with activated water with a pH of 8-10, obtained by electrolysis, in a rarefied medium at a pressure of 650-680 mm Hg with simultaneous stirring for 5-9 minutes with a drum speed of 10 rpm

The disadvantage of this method is the use for soaking seed of a vacuum medium created by a special device.

The closest prototype analogue to the claimed one is a known method for producing hydroponic green food, including soaking seeds in catholyte with electroactivated water, which is obtained by electroactivation of a 4-6% solution of ammonium sulfate with a pH of 9-10, redox potential (-800) - ( -900) mV, with a specific electricity consumption of 0.062-0.070 A / h per 1 liter of catholyte and anolyte, soaked for 3-5 hours with a total germination time of 10 days: the first 2 days without lighting, the next 8 days when besides (pat. RU No. 2524538 - prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the significant complexity of the process of grain germination and its complication due to the use of two phases of germination - without light and in its presence, as well as the formation of ammonia on the cathode during electrolysis, which can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals and birds. This method does not allow to reduce the duration of germination without loss of quality of green feed.

Known methods do not allow to obtain high-quality vitamin feed supplement in a short time without additional labor costs and loss of quality of raw materials.

The technical result is to increase the energy of germination of rye grain, increase the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed), to protect seedlings from diseases and to accelerate the process.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for producing a vitamin feed additive from rye, including soaking grain in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, according to the invention, rye grain is used as initial seeds, washing of rye grain is carried out with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed grain is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 and a redox potential of 970-1110 mV, an oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3 5-4.5 hours with a grain to anol ratio that 1: 2, then the anolyte is removed and the grain is washed again with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the germination of the grain is carried out in a thin layer without using the substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination time of 7-9 days at natural light.

The novelty of the proposed method for producing vitamin feed additives is to increase the energy of germination of rye grain and increase the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed) due to the protection of plants from diseases, as a result of the use of anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 units. and a redox potential of 970-1110 mV, an oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l, as well as a reduction in the duration of germination without loss of quality of the feed additive with minimal material and labor costs.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and were not identified when studying patent and scientific and technical literature in this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed method for producing vitamin feed additives from rye grain can be used in industrial specialized enterprises.

Anolyte solution for processing rye grain was obtained by contact activation of a 10% sodium chloride solution at a current strength of 5 A for 12-15 minutes. This time and amperage is sufficient to obtain anolyte with specified physicochemical parameters. The current strength for obtaining a high-quality anolyte should be 5 A. If the current strength during processing is less than 5 A, then it will not be enough to acidify the anolyte to the required value and the hydrolysis process will slow down. If the current strength for processing is more than 5 A, then due to the increase in resistance, part of the energy consumption will be spent on heating the solution, which will increase the current consumption and reduce the rate of increase in pH.

If the time of washing the grain from dust and impurities is less than 4 minutes, then this time will not be enough for high-quality washing of grain, if the washing time is more than 8 minutes, this will slow down the germination technology, therefore the optimal time for washing the grain from impurities and dust is 6 minutes.

If in the claimed method for producing a vitamin feed additive from rye in the process of soaking the grain, the pH of the anolyte is less than 3.0 units, this contributes to the inhibitory effect of the processes of grain germination due to the increase in the acidity of the anolyte medium, which leads to a decrease in the energy of germination of rye grain and a decrease in the biomass yield and plant productivity (feed). If the pH is greater than 6.0 units, this leads to a slowdown in the moisture consumption of the grain shell and increases the germination time of the feed additive; therefore, the optimum pH for the anolyte used as a lock solution for grain is 4.5 units.

If the anolyte ORP is less than 970 mV, then the stimulating effect of the anolyte on the biochemical processes of grain decreases, and the germination energy decreases, and if the ORP is more than 1110 mV, this leads to an increase in oxidative processes in solution, which slows down the activity of the enzyme systems of the grain and the yield biomass of plants, therefore, an ORP of 1040 mV is optimal for anolyte.

If the concentration of chlorine in the anolyte is less than 0.006 mg / l, then this contributes to the active development of contaminating microorganisms, which negatively affects the quality indicators of the feed additive. If the chlorine concentration is more than 0.01 mg / l, the increased chlorine content inhibits the germination energy, which increases the germination time of the feed additive, and also makes it difficult to use this technology in industry, so the optimal concentration of chlorine in the anolyte is 0.008 mg / l.

If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is less than 8.3 mg / l, this significantly reduces the moisture consumption of the grain shell and, as a result, reduces the activity of grain swelling, which slows down the germination of grain and increases the germination time. If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is greater than 12.0 mg / l, then a high degree of oxygen saturation of the solution increases oxidative reactions, which slows down the functioning of the enzyme systems of the grain and degrades the germination energy and the accumulation of plant biomass; therefore, the optimal oxygen concentration is 10.2 mg / l

If the ratio of grain to anolyte is greater, this contributes to the development of unfavorable microflora, which makes it difficult to germinate, if less, saturation of the endosperm of the grain with moisture will be insufficient, which will also slow down the process of germination. Therefore, the optimal ratio of grain to anolyte, respectively, is 1: 2.

The optimal time for re-washing the grain after soaking in the anolyte is 5 minutes. Rinsing less than 5 minutes is not enough to remove anolyte residues from the grain, if more - this helps to increase the time of the process of germination of feed.

If the germination time of the grain is less than 7 days, this contributes to insufficient accumulation of sugars and enzymes necessary for a high-quality feed supplement. If more than 9 days, the grain grows, and therefore its quality deteriorates, so the optimal germination time is 8 days.

The method of obtaining vitamin feed additives is as follows.

Rinsing of rye grain is carried out with tap water for 4-8 minutes. After that, the washed grain is soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 and a redox potential of 970-1110 mV, an oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3 , 5-4.5 hours with a grain to anolyte ratio of 1: 2. After that, the anolyte is removed and the grain is washed again with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Grain germination is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding, with a total germination duration of 7-9 days in natural light.

An example implementation of the method.

Take 1 kg of rye grain of variety Saratovskaya-7 and washed for 6 min under tap water, remove the weed impurity from the grain, dust and place it in one layer in a low plastic container, pouring it with anolyte in the ratio of grain to anolyte 1: 2 for 4 hours at ambient temperature 18 ° C.

After 4 hours, the anolyte is carefully drained and the grain is repeatedly washed with tap water to remove the remaining anolyte from the grain mass, after which the stage of air-irrigation germination begins. The swollen grain is laid out in a thin layer on plastic spacers and covered with wet gauze and left at a temperature of 18 ° C and natural light, periodically irrigating the grain with water, begin to overtake the green biomass.

As a result of microbiological studies when sowing grain treated according to the proposed method, on the MPA and Chapek medium, the degree of seeded fungal and bacterial microflora was minimal.

Table 1 presents the difference in the energy of germination of rye grain sprouted using anolyte obtained by contact activation with the specified parameters and the prototype methodology (control) in five replicates. The energy of germination of rye grain was determined according to GOST 10968-88 "Grain. Methods for determining germination energy and germination ability. " The data of biochemical studies and the content of vitamins in hydroponic rye greens are presented in table 2.

On average, the difference in the energy of germination of rye grain between the control variant (prototype) and the experimental one (by the proposed method) was 6.7%.

The following vitamin content was determined in the green mass: B1 - 2 mg / 100 g, B2 - 0.6 mg / 100 g, B3 - 3.7 mg / 100 g, B6 - 3 mg / 100 g, E - 19 mg / 100 g.

Thus, the presented biochemical data allow us to conclude that the vitamin feed supplement is suitable for inclusion in the diet of farm animals and birds.

As can be seen, the processing of rye grain with an anolyte obtained by the contact method with the stated parameters significantly reduces the germination time of grain by 48 hours due to increased germination energy and plant productivity, as well as an increase in biomass yield by protecting plants from contaminating microorganisms.

The proposed method for producing vitamin feed additives will reduce energy and labor costs in connection with a single use of anolyte without additional treatments with other solutions, the method does not require special equipment for germinating rye grain.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining a vitamin feed additive from rye, including soaking grain in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, characterized in that rye grain is used as the initial grain, the rye grain is washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, after which the washed grain is soaked anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 and a redox potential of 970-1110 mV, an oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3.5-4, 5 hours at a grain to anolyte ratio of 1: 2, after which the anolyte is removed and exercise t repeated washing with tap water grain within 3-8 min and germinating grain in a thin layer is carried out without using an air-substrate method at reflux tedding periodic, with a total duration of 7-9 days germinating under natural light.