RU2616413C1 - Method for producing protein-vitamin forage additive from pea seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for producing a protein-vitamin forage additive from soybean, comprising soaking seeds in the electro-activated water, germinating and seedling forcing. The initial seeds are represented by pea seeds, washing the pea seeds is performed with tap water, then the washed seeds are soaked in the anolyte with the pH of 3.0-6.0 and the redox potential of 970-1110 mV, the oxygen concentration of 8.3 to 12.0 mg/l and the chlorine concentration of 0.006-0.01 mg/l for 3.5-4.5 hours. Thereafter, the anolyte is removed and the grain is re-washed by tap water, and germinating the grain is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by means of air-irrigation method at periodic tedding.

EFFECT: method allows to obtain a high-quality vitamin fodder from pea seeds by accelerating the production process of the seeds germination and to reduce its duration.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to obtain protein-vitamin feed additives from pea seeds for feeding farm animals and birds.

A known method of producing a feed vitamin supplement, characterized by grinding the feedstock, adding water, heat treating the obtained substrate, fermenting growing yeast under conditions of aeration on a nutrient medium, followed by isolation of the target product, obtain a suspension with a solids concentration of at least 6% and for more than 24 hours from the time of preparation canned hypochlorite in the form of 5% aqueous solutions in a dosage of 0.005-0.01% to the volume of suspension (active chlorine) (US Pat. RU No. 2290831).

The disadvantage of the method of obtaining feed vitamin supplements is significant energy consumption, as well as an additional intake - the cultivation of yeast cultures, as well as preservative reagents, which, in turn, can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals.

There is also known a method of growing green hydroponic feed (US Pat. RU No. 2429592), including pre-soaking the seed with activated water with a pH of 8-10, obtained by electrolysis, in a rarefied medium at a pressure of 650-680 mm RT.article with simultaneous stirring for 5-9 minutes with a drum speed of 10 rpm

The disadvantage of this method is the use for soaking seed of a vacuum medium created by a special device.

The closest prototype analogue to the claimed one is a known method for producing hydroponic green food, including soaking seeds in catholyte with electroactivated water, which is obtained by electroactivation of a 4-6% solution of ammonium sulfate with a pH of 9-10, redox potential (-800) - ( -900) mV, with a specific electricity consumption of 0.062-0.070 A / h per 1 liter of catholyte and anolyte, soaked for 3-5 hours with a total germination time of 10 days: the first 2 days without lighting, the next 8 days when besides (pat. RU No. 2524538 - prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the significant complexity of the process of seed germination and its complication due to the use of two phases of germination - without light and in its presence, as well as the formation of ammonia on the cathode during electrolysis, which can have an adverse effect on the body of farm animals and birds. This method does not allow to reduce the duration of germination without loss of quality of green feed.

Known methods do not allow to obtain high-quality protein-vitamin feed supplement in a short time without additional labor and loss of quality of raw materials.

The technical result is an increase in the energy of germination of pea seeds, an increase in the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed), the protection of seedlings from diseases, and the acceleration of the technological process.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for producing a vitamin feed additive from peas, including soaking seeds in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, according to the invention, pea seeds are used as initial seeds, pea seeds are washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes after which the washed seeds are soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 and a redox potential of 970-1110 mV, an oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3.5-4.5 hours at a ratio of and seeds and anolyte 1: 2, then the anolyte is removed and the seeds are re-flushed with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and the seeds are germinated in a thin layer without using the substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding with a total germination duration of 7-9 days under natural light.

The novelty of the proposed method for producing protein-vitamin feed additives consists in increasing the energy of germination of pea seeds and increasing the yield of biomass and plant productivity (feed) by protecting plants from disease as a result of the use of anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 units and oxidation reduction potential of 970-1110 mV, oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l, as well as a reduction in germination time without loss of quality of the feed additive with minimal material and labor costs.

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and were not identified when studying patent and scientific and technical literature in this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, meet the criterion of "inventive step".

The proposed method for producing protein and vitamin feed additives from pea seeds can be used in industrial specialized enterprises.

The anolyte solution for treating pea seeds was obtained by contact activation of a 10% sodium chloride solution at a current of 5 A for 12-15 minutes. This time and amperage is sufficient to obtain anolyte with specified physicochemical parameters. The current strength to obtain a high-quality anolyte should be 5 A. If the current strength during processing is less than 5 A, then it will not be enough to acidify the anolyte to the required value, and the hydrolysis process will slow down. If the current strength for processing is more than 5 A, then due to the increase in resistance, part of the energy consumption will be spent on heating the solution, which will increase the current consumption and reduce the rate of increase in pH.

If the time of washing the seeds from dust and impurities is less than 4 minutes, then this time will not be enough for high-quality washing of seeds, if the washing time is more than 8 minutes, this will slow down the germination technology, so the optimal time for washing seeds from impurities and dust is 6 minutes.

If the claimed method for producing protein-vitamin fodder supplement from peas in the process of soaking the seeds, the pH of the anolyte will be less than 3.0 units, this contributes to the inhibitory effect of the processes of seed germination due to the increased acidity of the anolyte medium, which leads to a decrease in the energy of germination of pea seeds and a decrease in yield biomass and plant productivity (feed). If the pH is greater than 6.0 units, this leads to a slowdown in moisture consumption by the seed coat and increases the germination time of the feed additive; therefore, the optimum pH for the anolyte used as a lock solution for seeds is 4.5 units.

If the anolyte ORP is less than 970 mV, then the stimulating effect of the anolyte on the biochemical processes of seeds decreases, and the germination energy decreases, and if the ORP is more than 1110 mV, this leads to an increase in oxidative processes in solution, which slows down the activity of the enzyme systems of the seeds and the yield biomass of plants, therefore, an ORP of 1040 mV is optimal for anolyte.

If the concentration of chlorine in the anolyte is less than 0.006 mg / l, then this contributes to the active development of contaminating microorganisms, which negatively affects the quality indicators of the feed additive. If the chlorine concentration is more than 0.01 mg / l, the increased chlorine content inhibits the germination energy, which increases the germination time of the feed additive, and also makes it difficult to use this technology in industry, so the optimal concentration of chlorine in the anolyte is 0.008 mg / l.

If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is less than 8.3 mg / l, then this significantly reduces the moisture consumption of the seed coat and, as a result, reduces the activity of seed swelling, which slows down seed germination and increases the germination time. If the oxygen concentration in the anolyte is more than 12.0 mg / l, then a high degree of oxygen saturation of the solution increases oxidative reactions, which slows the work of seed enzyme systems and impairs the germination energy and accumulation of plant biomass; therefore, the optimal oxygen concentration is 10.2 mg / l

If the ratio of seeds to anolyte is greater, this contributes to the development of unfavorable microflora, which makes it difficult to germinate, if less, saturation of the endosperm with moisture will be insufficient, which will also slow down the process of germination. Therefore, the optimal ratio of seeds to anolyte, respectively, is 1: 2.

The optimal time for repeated flushing of seeds after soaking in anolyte is 5 minutes. Rinsing less than 5 minutes is not enough to remove anolyte residues from the seeds, if more - this helps to increase the time of the process of germination of feed.

If the seed germination time is less than 7 days, this contributes to insufficient accumulation of sugars and enzymes necessary for a high-quality feed supplement. If more than 9 days - the seeds outgrow, and therefore their quality deteriorates, so the optimal germination time is 8 days.

A method of obtaining a protein-vitamin feed additive is as follows.

Rinse pea seeds with tap water for 4-8 minutes. After that, the washed seeds are soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 and a redox potential of 970-1110 mV, an oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3 , 5-4.5 hours with a ratio of seeds and anolyte 1: 2. After that, the anolyte is removed and the seeds are re-flushed with tap water for 3-8 minutes. Germination of seeds is carried out in a thin layer without using a substrate by the air-irrigation method with periodic tedding with a total duration of germination of 7-9 days in natural light.

An example of the method

Take 1 kg of Argon pea seeds and washed for 6 min under tap water, remove the weed impurity from the seeds, dust and place them in one layer in a low plastic container without substrate, pouring with anolyte in the ratio of seeds and anolyte 1: 2 for 4 hours at ambient temperature 18 ° C.

After 4 hours, the anolyte is carefully drained, and the seeds are repeatedly washed with tap water to remove residual anolyte from the seed mass, after which the stage of air-irrigation germination begins. The swollen seeds are laid out in a thin layer on plastic spreads, covered with wet gauze and left at a temperature of 18 ° C and natural light, periodically irrigating the seeds with water, begin to expel green biomass.

As a result of microbiological studies when sowing seeds treated according to the proposed method, on the MPA and Chapek medium, the degree of contamination of the fungal and bacterial microflora was minimal.

Table 1 presents the difference in the energy of germination of pea seeds sprouted using anolyte obtained by contact activation, with the specified parameters and the prototype methodology (control) in five replicates. The energy of germination of pea seeds was determined according to GOST 10968-88 "Grain. Methods for determining germination energy and germination ability. " The data of biochemical studies and the content of vitamins in hydroponic green peas are presented in table 2.

On average, the difference in the energy of germination of pea seeds between the control variant (prototype) and the experimental one (by the proposed method) was 7%.

The following vitamin content was determined in the green mass: B1 - 0.4 mg / 100 g, B2 - 0.15 mg / 100 g, B12 - 0.3 mg / 100 g.

Thus, the presented biochemical data allow us to conclude that the green mass is suitable for inclusion in the diet of farm animals and birds.

As can be seen, treating pea seeds with an anolyte obtained by the contact method with the stated parameters significantly reduces the seed germination time by 48 hours due to increased germination energy and plant productivity, as well as increased biomass yield by protecting plants from contaminating microorganisms.

The proposed method for producing protein-vitamin feed additives will reduce energy and labor costs in connection with a single use of anolyte without additional treatments with other solutions, the method does not require special equipment for germinating pea seeds.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining a protein-vitamin feed supplement from peas, including soaking seeds in electroactivated water, germinating and pasturing seedlings, characterized in that peas seeds are used as initial seeds, pea seeds are washed with tap water for 4-8 minutes, and then washed the seeds are soaked with anolyte with a pH of 3.0-6.0 and a redox potential of 970-1110 mV, an oxygen concentration of 8.3-12.0 mg / l and chlorine of 0.006-0.01 mg / l for 3.5- 4.5 hours with a ratio of seeds and anolyte 1: 2, then remove anolyte and re-flushing the seeds with tap water for 3-8 minutes, and seed germination is carried out in a thin layer without using the substrate by air irrigation method with periodic tedding with a total germination time of 7-9 days in natural light.