RU2263433C1 - Method for presowing treatment of leguminous crop seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, presowing treatment of leguminous crop seeds, such as goat's rue, with electrochemically activated water.

SUBSTANCE: method involves exposing tap water to electrochemical activation at current strength of 0.50-0.55 A (anode current density of 100 A/m²). Catholyte flow velocity is 3.5-4.3 l/hour, anolyte flow velocity is 2.8-4.3 l/hour for producing of anolyte with pH value of 3.5-5.0, reduction-oxidation potential of 760-840 mV. Water activation may be also provided at flow velocity of anolyte of 2.8-3.8 l/hour and of catholyte 0.3-0.4 l/hour for producing of neutral anolyte with pH value of 6.2-7.4 and reduction-oxidation potential of +375- +800 mV, and also for producing of catholyte and anolyte mixtures with the ratio of 1:1 and 4:1 and, respectively, pH value of 6.9-7.1 and 8.8-10.8. Seeds are soaked and germinated in said mixtures, which promote an increase in plant germination and growth energy.

EFFECT: provision for producing of electrochemically activated water having predetermined quality allowing soaking and germination of seeds to be effectively performed.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, specifically to methods for pre-treatment of seeds of legumes, for example, Eastern goatskin.

Known methods of stimulating the germination of seeds of various crops by treating them with cold, heat, chemicals, activated water and aqueous solutions of salts. The most affordable are methods for treating seeds with electrochemically activated (ECA) water and aqueous solutions [1]. It is environmentally safer to treat their ECA with tap water without introducing special chemicals into it. According to the described method [1] ECA of water is carried out in a diaphragm electrolyzer-activator. At the same time, due to the electrochemical and chemical transformations of tap water and the mineral substances contained in it (cations — sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium; anions — chlorides, sulfites, carbonates, etc.), anolyte with pH (hydrogen index) is obtained in the anode chamber 2 -7, redox potential (ORP) of 700 ... 1000 mV (relative to the silver chloride reference electrode (HSE), in the cathode chamber - catholyte with a pH of 6-10 and ORP - -200 ...- 500 mV, which treat the seeds cereal crops.

The closest in technical essence is the method of presowing treatment of corn seeds [2], fodder culture. In order to intensify germination, the seeds were soaked in an electroactivated aqueous solution on wet filtered paper according to the method of GOST 12038-84. In this case, germination energy was determined (% of germinated seeds of their total amount on the third day), germination (% of germinated seeds on the seventh day). The germination energy compared with the control (soaking in a normal untreated solution) increased by 30% (from 8 to 38%), germination by 6-7% (from 80 to 87%). The disadvantage of this method is the relatively low intensity of seed germination.

The technical result is an increase in the intensity of seed germination with a certain water quality, the expansion of the resource ECA water.

This is achieved by the fact that the electrochemical activation of water is carried out at certain ratios of catholyte and anolyte flow rates at a given current strength to obtain anolyte, neutral anolyte, catholyte and their mixture of a certain quality, followed by soaking and germinating seeds in them.

The method is as follows. Tap water is subjected to electrochemical activation on a STEL-MT1 installation [3] or a similar design manufactured in series and obtained with catholyte, anolyte, a mixture of catholyte and anolyte in a ratio of 1: 1-4: 1, bean cultures are soaked and germinated with neutral anolyte, for example Eastern goatskin, known methods.

The parameters of electroactivation of tap water were experimentally established, since only salt solutions are obtained at the installation according to the regulations [3].

The source tap water had the following quality characteristic:

- pH 7.3-7.8;

- total mineralization - 200-350 mg / l;

- ORP - 250-282 mV (CSE).

The STEL-MT1 installation (manufacturer of NPO Ekran, Moscow) includes an electrolyzer with a diaphragm, a rectifier device, and connecting plastic tubes with clamps and valves for regulation.

The electrolyzer is a vertical cylindrical vessel with a cathode (made of titanium or stainless steel) in the form of an external electrode, with a titanium anode in the form of a rod coated with a mixture of titanium and ruthenium oxides, and a ceramic diaphragm based on zirconium oxide, as well as with a water-jet pump at the inlet, allowing to supply and additionally absorb water from a separate container.

Water supplied from the water supply network by a water-jet pump was directed from below into the cathode and anode chambers of the electrolyzer with an adjustable flow and current supply from the rectifier unit.

We have shown that water from the anode chamber (anolyte) has the greatest activity. The cell operated stably at a current density at the anode of 100 A / m ² (current strength of 0.5 A) at room temperature.

Operating parameters of electrolysis:

- catholyte duct speed - 3.5-4.3 l / h, anolyte - 2.8-4.3 l / h with current strength 0.50-0.55 A to obtain anolyte;

- the flow rate of the anolyte 2.8-3.8 l / h and catholyte 0.3-0.4 l / h with a current strength of 0.50-0.55 A to obtain a neutral anolyte. Mixtures of catholyte and anolyte - with a volume ratio of 1: 1-4: 1.

The quality of the water for soaking seeds is shown in table 1.

Table 1 Name PH ORP, mV (CSE) Catholyte 10.5-11.5 -210 ...- 800 Anolyte 3,5-5,0 +760 ... + 840 Anolyte neutral 6.2-7.4 +375 ... + 800 Catholyte + anolyte 1: 1 6.9-7.1 - Catholyte + Anolyte 4: 1 8.8-10.8 -

Anolyte contains up to 50 mg / l of oxidants based on active chlorine.

The seeds of the eastern goatberry from the legume family [4] were germinated by soaking with treated water on wet filter paper at room temperature according to GOST 12038-84. Squid is a valuable fodder crop with a grass stand longevity of up to 8 years; it differs in that it yields in early spring with a solids content of 20–25%, a yield of 550 c / ha, against 200 c / ha for alfalfa [4].

Humidification of the paper and seed germination was carried out using source water and treated water indicated in the table. The number of seeds in each variant is from 50 to 100 pcs. (in triplicate). Germination energy (on the third day of germination) and germination (on the seventh day of germination) were determined (table 2).

table 2 ECA water Germination energy,% Germination,% The control 25.0 25.1 Catholyte 44.0 78.0 Anolyte 62.7 95.0 Anolyte neutral 56.0 40,0 Catholyte + anolyte 1: 1 39.7 67.5 Catholyte + Anolyte 4: 1 39.3 64.3

As can be seen from the data in table 2, the greatest activity compared to the prototype are:

- in terms of germination energy, anolyte and anolyte are neutral, respectively an increase of 37.7 and 31% (in the prototype by 30%);

- germination increase:

anolyte - by 70%;

catholyte - by 53%;

catholyte + anolyte 1: 1 - by 42.5%;

catholyte + anolyte 4: 1 - by 39.2%;

neutral anolyte - by 14.9% (against 6-7 in the prototype) and also the expansion of the ECA water resource.

Sources of information

1. Pat. RF №2170499, 1999, MKI A 01 C 1/00.

2. Ksenz N.V. Intersification of technological processes by electroactivation of interacting media // Mechan. and an electrif. Agriculture, 1996, No. 5, p.8.

3. Installation STEL-ME1. Operator's manual. NGO "Screen". Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, M., 1992.

4. Vavilova P.P., Wright H.A. Cultivation and use of eastern goatskin. L .: Kolos, 1982, p. 8.

Claims (1)

A method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of legumes, for example, Eastern goatskin, including electrochemical activation of water, soaking and germination of seeds in it, characterized in that the electrochemical activation of tap water is carried out at a current strength of 0.50-0.55 A (current density at the anode of 100 A / m ² ) at catholyte duct speeds of 3.5-4.3 l / h, and anolyte 2.8-4.3 l / h to obtain anolyte with a pH of 3.5-5.0, ORP 760 ... 840 mV or at anolyte speed of 2.8-3.8 l / h, catholyte 0.3-0.4 l / h to obtain neutral anolyte with a pH of 6.2-7.4 ORP + 375 ... + 800 mV, as well as getting rid s catholyte and anolyte at a ratio of 1: 1 and 4: 1 and pH 6.9-7.1 respectively and 8,8-10,8.