RU2263432C1 - Method for presowing treatment of cereal crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, method for presowing treatment of cereal crop seeds with electrochemically activated water.

SUBSTANCE: method involves exposing tap water to electrochemical activation at current strength of 0.50-0.55 A, flow rate of catholyte of 3.5-4.3 l/hour and flow rate of anolyte of 2.8-4.3 l/hour for producing of anolyte with pH value of 3.5-5.0 and reduction-oxidation potential of +760 - +840; providing electrochemical activation process identical to above process at flow rate of anolyte of 2.8-3.8 l/hour and flow rate of catholyte of 0.3-0.4 l/hour for producing of neutral anolyte with pH value of 6.4-7.4 and reduction-oxidation potential of +375 - +580; providing soaking of seeds in resultant solutions for germination thereof.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in soaking of seeds in electrochemically activated water, that is, in anolyte and neutral anolyte for intensifying seed growth.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, specifically to methods for presowing treatment of seeds of grain crops.

Known methods of stimulating the germination of seeds of various crops by treating them with cold, heat, chemicals, activated in various ways with water and aqueous solutions of salts. The most accessible methods of treating seeds with electrochemically activated (ECA) water and aqueous solutions [1].

It is environmentally safer to treat their ECA with tap water without introducing special chemicals into it.

According to the described method [1] ECA of water is carried out in a diaphragm electrolyzer - activator. At the same time, due to the electrochemical and chemical transformations of tap water and the minerals contained in it (cations — sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium; anions — chlorides, sulfates, carbonates, etc.), anolyte with pH (hydrogen index) is obtained in the anode chamber 2 -7, redox potential (redox potential) 700-1000 mV (relative to silver chloride reference electrode = HSE), in the cathode chamber catholyte with pH 6-10 and redox potential -200 ...- 500 mV.

The closest in technical essence is the method of presowing treatment of corn seeds [2]. In order to intensify germination, the seeds were soaked in an electroactivated aqueous solution on wet filter paper in accordance with the procedure laid down in the standard (GOST 12038-84). In this case, germination energy was determined (% of germinated seeds of their total number on the 3rd day), germination (% of germinated seeds on the seventh day of germination), average length of stems and roots (on the 7th day of germination). The germination energy compared with the control (soaking in ordinary untreated solution) increased by 30% (from 8 to 38%), germination by 6 -7% (from 80 to 87%), the average length of the stems by 10 mm (from 7 to 17 mm), root length by 20 mm (from 30 to 50 mm).

The disadvantage of this method is the relatively low intensity of seed growth.

The technical result is an increase in the intensity of seed growth with a certain quality of ECA water.

This is achieved by the fact that ECA of water is carried out at certain ratios of the catholyte and anolyte flow rate at a given current strength with obtaining anolyte and anolyte of neutral quality with subsequent soaking and germination of seeds in them.

The method is as follows. Tap water is subjected to electrochemical activation on a STEL-MT-1 installation [3] or a similar construction manufactured in series, and the seeds are soaked with the obtained catholyte, anolyte, and neutral anolyte.

The parameters of the electroactivation of tap water were experimentally established, since only electro-activated solutions of sodium chloride are obtained at the installation according to the regulations.

The source tap water had the following quality characteristic:

- pH 7.3-7.8

- total mineralization 200-350 mg / l

- ORP 250-282 mV (CSE).

The STEL-MT-1 installation (manufactured by NPO Ekran, Moscow) includes an electrolyzer with a diaphragm, a rectifier device, and connecting plastic tubes with clamps and valves for regulation. The electrolyzer is a vertical cylindrical vessel with a titanium cathode in the form of an external electrode, with a titanium anode in the form of a rod coated with a mixture of titanium and ruthenium oxides, and a ceramic diaphragm, as well as a water-jet pump at the inlet, which additionally sucks water from a separate container.

Water supplied from the water supply network by a water-jet pump was directed from below into the cathode and anode chambers of the electrolyzer with an adjustable flow and current supply from the rectifier unit.

We have shown that water from the anode chamber has the greatest activity. The cell operated stably at a current density at the anode of 100 A / m ² (current strength of 0.5 A) at room temperature.

Operating parameters of electrolysis:

- the flow rate of catholyte 3.5-4.3 l / h and anolyte 2.8-4.3 l / h with a current strength of 0.50-0.55 A to obtain anolyte;

- the flow rate of the anolyte 2.8-3.8 l / h and catholyte 0.3-0.4 l / h with a current strength of 0.50-0.55 A to obtain a neutral anolyte. The quality of the treated water is presented in table 1.

Table 1 Quality characteristic of treated water Name PH ORPmV (HSE) Catholyte 10.5-11.5 -210 ...- 800 Anolyte 3,5-5,0 +760 ... + 840 Anolyte neutral 6.4-7.4 +375 ... + 580

Germination of seeds of winter wheat and barley of zoned varieties was carried out by soaking them on wet filter paper at room temperature according to GOST 12038-84.

Humidification of the paper and germination was carried out using source tap water, catholyte, anolyte, neutral anolyte.

The number of seeds in each embodiment is from 50 to 100 pcs (in triplicate).

Germination energy (on the 3rd day of germination), germination (on the 7th day), stem and root length (on the 7th day) were determined (see Tables 2 and 3).

table 2 The effect of ECA water on seed germination Type of water Germination energy,% Germination,% wheat barley wheat Barley Source water (control) thirty 25 89 87 Anolyte 86 90 98 99 Neutral anolyte 69 60.3 98 95 Catholyte 72 76.7 98 96

Table 3 The effect of ECA water on the growth of the stem and root Type of water Wheat Barley Root length, mm 7th day Stem length, mm 7th day Root length, mm 7th day Stem length, mm 7th day Source water (control) 79.5 86.2 16.3 84.7 Anolyte 79.0 78.6 122.8 109.7 Neutral anolyte 104.3 155.6 35.6 84.5 Catholyte 91.9 90,4 109.7 87.3

As can be seen from the data in Tables 2, 3, the best indicators of seed germination are when using anolyte and neutral anolyte.

Compared with the known method, the best indicators are as follows: - the absolute increase in germination energy is (for anolyte and neutral anolyte) 55-65% against 30%, and the absolute increase in stem lengths is 25.0-69.4 mm against 10 mm, root 24, 8-106.5 mm vs 20 mm.

Thus, the proposed method allows for a certain quality of ECA water - anolyte and anolyte neutral and soaking in them to increase the intensity of germination of wheat and barley seeds.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. Pat.RF No. 2170499, 1999 MKM A 01 C 1/00.

2. Ksenz N.V. Intensification of technological processes by electroactivation of interacting media // Mechan. and electrification of agriculture. 1996, No. 5, p. 8.

3. Installation of STEL-MT-1. Operator's manual. NPO Ekran, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation., M., 1992

Claims (1)

A method for pre-sowing seed treatment of grain crops, including electrochemical activation of water, soaking and germination of seeds in it, characterized in that the electrochemical activation of tap water is carried out with a current strength of 0.5-0.55 A at a catholyte flow rate of 3.5-4.3 l / h and anolyte 2.8-4.3 l / h to obtain anolyte with a pH of 3.5-5.0 and an ORP of 760-840 mV or at anolyte speed of 2.8-3.8 l / h and catholyte 0 , 3-0.4 l / h to obtain a neutral anolyte with a pH of 6.4-7.4 and an ORP of 375-580 mV.