RU2572493C2 - Method of stimulation of crop seed germination - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of stimulation of crop seed germination comprises soaking them in electrochemically activated solutions for 2-3 hours in the anolyte or catholyte with quality values of pH 1.8-2.0, ORP + 1000- + 1200 mV; pH 10-12, ORP -100--150 mV respectively of seeds of barley and wheat, using a stock solution with mineralization of 0.8-1.2 g/L with a ratio of NaCl:NH₄Cl 9:1 with pH of 6.5-7.5, ORP 250-350 mV. And electrochemical activation is carried out at current rate of 0.3-0.5 A and voltage 37.0-40 B.

EFFECT: method enables to simplify the technology of electrochemical activation, soaking and germination of seeds, to increase the effectiveness of stimulation, to expand the range of promoting agents.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, specifically to methods for stimulating the germination of seeds of agricultural crops.

Various methods of stimulating the germination of seeds of agricultural crops are described, for example, by heating, treating with chemical reagents, magnetic and electric fields.

One of the most acceptable is the method of soaking seeds in an electric field, that is, in electrochemically activated (ECA) water and aqueous solutions of salts, most often in sodium chloride solutions.

ECA solutions can reduce costs, increase the efficiency and environmental safety of the process. ECA solutions are used in the form of fractions of catholyte and anolyte, respectively, containing alkaline and acid solutions, including reducing agents, oxidizing agents and other active substances [1; Osadchenko I.M., 2010].

There is evidence that the effectiveness of ECA fractions of solutions depends on pH, in particular, catholyte with a pH of more than 12 has an inhibitory effect on seeds, as well as a pH of less than 2 [2; Biryulina T.V., 1996].

A known method of soaking barley seeds in the anolyte of a solution of sodium chloride with a pH of 2.4 ... 4.0 with a concentration of active chlorine of 210 mg / l for 2 hours [3; Filonenko V.I., 1996]. Germinated biomass grain was used as a top dressing in poultry diets.

During germination, the biomass was enriched with easily digestible hydrolysis products in the form of dextrose, amino acids, amides, fatty acids.

However, such a high concentration of active chlorine can adversely affect plant seed enzymes.

A method for soaking and germinating seeds of corn, sunflower, millet using ECA solutions containing sodium chloride is described.

It was proposed to use for soaking anolyte with a pH of 2 ... 7 redox potential (ORP) of 900 ... 1100 mV with an active chlorine content of 300 ... 500 mg / l for 0.5 ... 3 hours, then catholyte with a pH of 6 ... 9, ORP - 300 ... -500 mV for 2 ... 24 hours [4; RU 2170499, prototype]. At the same time, the germination of corn seeds accelerated by 1.5 days. In the 30-day experiment, the length of the stems (seedlings) to the control was more by 16%.

The disadvantages of the method:

- relatively sophisticated seed treatment technology (in two steps);

- a narrow range of quality indicators of germinated seeds;

- low efficiency of stimulation of seed germination (corn);

- lack of data on the design and parameters of ECA in the cell.

The technical result is the simplification of ECA technology of soaking and germinating seeds, expanding the quality range of germinated seeds, increasing the effectiveness of stimulation, expanding the range of stimulants.

This is achieved in such a way that an improved open-type non-flow electrolyzer of corrosion-resistant polymer materials, with a diaphragm, a stainless steel cathode, an anode of titanium coated with a mixture of titanium and ruthenium oxides (ORTA anode) is used as an activator electrolyser. with a surface of 5 cm ² .

The capacity of the device is about 1 liter, the power supply is from a BCA-5k rectifier. It was possible to control the ECA progress, temperature, current, voltage, etc., in contrast to the commonly used STEL devices, in which the test solution was diluted with tap water, which made it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of the process.

ECA was carried out with solutions of total mineralization of 0.8 ... 1.2 g / l with a mass ratio of NaCl: NH ₄ Cl 9: 1 for 18-22 minutes with the following parameters: current strength 0.3 ... 0.5 A, voltage 38- 40 V at room temperature. Anolyte with a pH of 1.8 ... 2.2, ORP + 1000 ... 1200 mV (relative to the silver chloride reference electrode - HSE) and catholyte with a pH of 10 ... 12, ORP -100 ... -150 mV with a quality of the initial solution of pH 6, were obtained 5 ... 7.5, ORP 250 ... 350 mV.

ECA solutions were used to soak the seeds of zoned varieties of wheat and barley seeds for 2-3 hours, followed by germination in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12038-84. After 7 days, seed germination and the length of roots and seedlings were determined. Positive results were obtained on the effectiveness of seed germination in comparison with the prototype. Germinated biomass can be used as a feed additive for animals and poultry.

Example 1. A pre-prepared solution of NaCl + NH ₄ Cl with a mineralization of 0.8 ... 1.2 g / l (NaCl: NH ₄ Cl ratio 9: 1) was poured into the electrolytic cell into the cathode and anode chambers (respectively 660 and 330 ml), included a current of 0.3 ... 0.4 A, at a voltage of 37 ... 40 V, ECA was performed for 20 min at a temperature of 20 ... 25 ° C.

Properties of solutions:

pH ORP mV (HSE) stock solution 6.5 ... 7.5 + 250 ... anolyte 2.0 +1123 catholyte 11.8 -127

The chemical analysis anolyte contained 127 mg / l of active chlorine. Anolyte and catholyte were used to soak wheat and barley seeds according to the requirements of GOST 12038-84.

Example 2. The seeds were soaked for 2 hours and germinated for 7 days (in triplicate). In the control - soaked in water, the following results were obtained (table 1, 2).

From the data of table 1 it is seen that the best results for the germination of wheat (catholyte) - more by 4%, for barley (anolyte) - more by 2% to the control.

Table 2 shows that wheat is the best option with catholyte, the growth is greater than in the control by roots and seedlings by 22.3 mm (24.7%) and 37.5 mm (41.0%), respectively; for barley, the best option with anolyte, growth is greater than in the control for roots and seedlings by 34.9 mm (29.4%) and 37.5 mm (37.0%), respectively.

Compared with the prototype in the proposed method, higher efficiency, including for seedlings 41.0 and 37.0% versus 16.0% for corn seeds.

The method is characterized by a simpler technology, data on the design and operation of the electrolyzer with the quality parameters of the initial solutions, and a wider range of quality indicators of sprouted seeds, the range of stimulants is expanding, the biomass is enriched with nitrogen compounds.

List of sources of information

1. Osadchenko I.M. The technology of producing electroactivated water, aqueous solutions and their application in the agricultural sector / I.M. Osadchenko, I.F. Gorlov et al .: Volgograd, 2010 .-- 92 p.

2. Biryulina T.V. Electrochemical activation - technology of a clean future / T.V. Biryulina // Activated water. - 1996. - No. 3. - from. 22-34.

3. Filonenko V.I. The use of electroactivated water in the process of germination of grain for agricultural animals / V.I. Filonenko // Activated water. - 1996. - No. 5. - from. 1-5.

4. RU No. 2170499, publ. 2001, A01C 1/100.

Claims (1)

A method of stimulating the germination of seeds of agricultural crops by soaking them with electrochemically activated solutions followed by germination, characterized in that the soaking is carried out for 2-3 hours in anolyte or catholyte with quality indicators of pH 1.8 ... 2.2, ORP + 1000 ... + 1200 mV, pH 10 ... 12, ORP -100 ... -150 mV, respectively, of wheat and barley seeds using a stock solution with a mineralization of 0.8 ... 1.2 g / l with a ratio of NaCl: NH ₄ Cl 9: 1 with a pH of 6.5 ... 7.5, ORP 250 ... 350 mV, and electrochemical activation is carried out at a current strength of 0.3 ... 0.5 A and a voltage of 37 ... 40 V.