RU2609985C1 - Method of therapeutic and preventive exercises for babies - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, sports.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to preventive, regenerative medicine, pediatrics, and concerns gymnastics for newborns and infants. Six exercises are done on a soft surface. The first exercise - the baby is brought to sitting position from the starting position (SP) lying on the back face to an adult with fixing by hands, then he/she is raised above the surface in standing position, put on his/her feet, laid on his/her stomach, lifted by legs with fixing behind the knees or shins, and returned back to the SP. The second exersize - the baby is seated on his/her knees from the SP lying on the back face to an adult child, fixing under the forearms, the baby is pulled up baby by hands, raised, laid on the back, lifted by legs and returned to the stomach to the SP. The third - the baby is tilted forward from the SP vertically back to an adult, fixing the body with a full flip over his/her head, laid on the back, pulled to the sitting position by hands and returned to the SP. The fourth - the baby is lifted from the SP vertically face to an adult, fixing the trunk, and put onto the adult's chest or shoulder, one adult's hand is placed under the baby's back, on which he/she is tilted back, the other hand is placed on the stomach and a complete revolution in the sagittal plane is performed with a thrust on this hand, the baby is put on his/her legs, taken over the body and returned to the SP. The fifth - alternating tilts are performed in the frontal plane from left to right at an angle of 90 from the SP vertically back to an adult are performed fixing the body, with retention for 2-4 seconds in an inclined position. The sixth - the baby is rotated from the SP vertically back to an adult, fixing the body closer to the armpits, combining lifting of baby's legs to the adult's shoulder and a complete revolution over the head, then the baby is returned to the SP by reverse rotation. Each exercise is performed 8-10 times, for the total session duration of 10-15 minutes.

EFFECT: gymnastics for newborns and infants, providing activation of innate unconditioned reflexes, improval of cerebral blood flow, operation of centers of vascular and muscle tone regulayion, midbrain and medulla metabolism.

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Description

The invention relates to pediatrics, and in particular to the field of preventive rehabilitation medicine, can be used in medical institutions and in domestic conditions.

It is known that gymnastics for infants is widely used and recommended for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes (Bisyarina V.P. Anatomical and physiological features of childhood, ed. 2, revised and supplemented, M., Medicine, 1975, p. 151- 161). Normal gymnastics is performed while lying down. The main movements: flexion-extension, rotation in the limbs, sitting down, flipping on one side, stomach, etc. It affects the background muscle tone, is not effective enough: it does not improve the muscle tone of the load. Low impact on unconditioned reflexes. The average level of impact on psychomotor development. Low exposure to skin tone. Low correlation with indicators of the child’s health status in dynamics (posture, speech, the presence of chronic diseases, academic performance). It is recommended to carry out active gymnastics from 3 months, when the muscles grow, according to my observations, by 3 months the muscles weaken, especially with violations of muscle tone, the manifestations of any diseases increase.

The technique of massage according to Voight’s method is described (Vojta V., Peter A. Vojta’s principle. Muscle play in reflexive translational motion and in motor ontogenesis. Third edition, Springer edition, p. 3). The child is fixed in ontogenetic poses (embryonic and characteristic of different ages of the chest period), while the effect is on the trigger points, which make the child strain and thereby strengthen the work of the reflex arc of the innate reflex. It is carried out only by a specialist. The impact is pathogenetic. It affects the background muscle tone, the average level of impact on the tone of the load. The average level of exposure to unconditioned reflexes. The average level of impact on motor development. The technique is not effective enough: a low level of exposure to skin tone, a low correlation with indicators of the state of health in the dynamics (posture, speech, chronic diseases, academic performance). It has pronounced negative properties: psychological due to the fixation of the baby in a certain position and simultaneous pain exposure to the points and physical - spasm of adjacent muscle groups due to pain exposure, the formation of the effect of “pain memory”.

A method is described for conducting therapeutic exercises in children with a lesion of the musculoskeletal system (RU 2040922 C1, Aristakesyan et al., 09/09/1995), including procedures involving immersion in water and subsequent complex gymnastic exercises. Exercises are performed initially in the supine position by performing cross movements with the intersection of the patient’s central axis alternately and jointly with the arms, legs alternately and similar exercises with the arms and legs at the same time, then the patient is gradually transferred to the supine position in the frog position and the head is rotated and straightening the legs. However, this method does not allow to achieve etiotropic effects, the effectiveness of restoring unconditioned reflexes, vascular tone, since it relates to passive gymnastics, when exercises are done for the child, there is no stimulation of congenital reflexes - only under this condition the muscles of the baby give an independent tonic response, there are no effects to improve cerebral blood flow and independent movements.

There is a method of restoring motor disorders in newborns with hip dysplasia (RU 2466703 C1, FGBOUVPO UGUFK, 11/20/2012). It provides for water procedures with immersion in water and gymnastic exercises in water. The child is exposed to massage, then a set of gymnastic exercises is performed with the child, which the child will subsequently perform in water. Grasping the child by the ankles, bending and unbending the child’s torso from 60-80 to 180 ° is performed at least 15 times, then jerking movements with feet from the bath wall are performed 15-20 times, then each leg performs circular rotational movements 15-20 times each each side 2-3 times, then the same movements in increasing and decreasing amplitude (radius). However, this method is a necessary auxiliary method for such a special case as “hip dysplasia”, however, it does not allow to restore muscle tone and reflexes, the work of internal organs, and stimulate sleep.

A method for the recovery of motor disorders in newborns with a birth injury of the cervical spine is described (RU 2445062 C1, Ural State University of Physical Culture, 03/20/2012). The method includes carrying out water procedures with immersion in water and conducting gymnastic exercises in water, moreover, in the position on the back they perform the exercise "eight". They make a warming massage, then fix the child’s body, make several jumps in the water, then move the child along the “eight” trajectory on the back, then do flexion exercises, moving the child to the sitting position, while his legs also point upwards. However, this method can only serve as an auxiliary one, it does not allow to fully restore muscle tone and reflexes, which is especially important for the normal functioning of the cervical spine, since when it is used there is no active stimulation of cerebral blood flow, sufficient effect on the vasomotor center of the medulla oblongata, stimulation work of unconditioned reflexes.

A method for the formation of motor functions in infants with neurological or orthopedic pathologies is described (RU 2309720 C2, GIDUV, 10.11.2007). It includes a complex of preventive and restorative gymnastics for infants. They conduct classes in which, through the provisions and poses, they stimulate postural and locomotor reflexes. During classes, suppression of pathological motor reactions is carried out. Do a massage. Disadvantages: there is no effect on improving cerebral blood flow and the functioning of the regulatory centers of the central nervous system, thereby there is no direct effect on the restoration of congenital reflexes, therefore, the effectiveness is insufficient.

There is another way to restore normal muscle tone in children with perinatal damage to the central nervous system (RU 2489127, Ural State University of Physical Culture, 08/10/2013). In the supine position, his head is raised to touch the chin of the chest and the head is lowered to the surface. Perform circular movements of the child’s head 5-10 times. Grasping the child under the back of the head and grabbing the ankles, perform bending and unbending movements. Positioning the palm of one hand so as to cover the child under the head and grab a part of the back, and the other pressing his knees to the surface, lift the child’s body at the expense of one or two 10-15 times. Positioning the palm of one hand so that it covers the child under the head and captures part of the back, raise his body and perform circular movements. Holding the child’s face on the surface of the water 8-10 times perform gliding along the “eight”, swaying the child vertically. Then - the same in the position on the stomach. Positive points - improved blood supply to muscles and tissues due to the water gymnastics, tissue compliance in water improves the effect of restoring intermuscular communication and synergy in muscle work. Disadvantages - a symptomatic effect on the body, the lack of a direct effect on the central cerebral regulation of congenital reflexes and muscle tone, the effect on the tone of the vessels of the brain and metabolism in the brain cells, thereby the absence of the cause of the disease.

Closest to patentable is a method for the rehabilitation of young children with the consequences of perinatal damage to the central nervous system, which provides that an adult holds the child upright, back to the adult's chest, covering his chest with fingers, and then performs a complex of therapeutic and preventive gymnastics, including changes the child’s body position (RU 2506942 C1, Ural State University of Physical Education, 02/20/2014 - prototype). Gymnastics, in which the child is fixed in the adult’s hands by the body and tilts to the sides, rotates around its own axis, including, in particular, tilting and turning the child’s body in different directions, swinging, moving the child’s body along a horizontally lying “eight”, arch, lowering and raising the child head down, the child lying on one and on the other side in the palm of an adult. Disadvantages - the lack of influence on improving microcirculation in the brain and on improving the functioning of regulatory centers, unconditioned reflexes; the lack of a full cyclic effect on the reflex arc (from the fingers to the neck, then on the torso, lower back, feet and back) and the full recovery of reflexes.

The present invention is directed to the development of an effective complex of therapeutic gymnastics for infants.

The patented method consists of exercises with a child on weight with a starting position on a soft surface. It is recommended to carry out from birth - when congenital reflexes are the most “lively”, there is no development of painful conditions, children perceive gymnastics more positively and, most importantly, by 3 months there is a complete or almost complete restoration of the baby’s health in all directions.

The difference is that they conduct six exercises aimed at improving cerebral blood flow and activation of innate unconditioned reflexes, in the following sequence:

the first exercise - a child from a starting position (PI) lying on his back facing an adult with fixation by the hands is brought into a sitting position, then into a standing position, raised above the surface, put on his feet, put on his stomach, then lifted by his legs with a fixation on his knees or lower leg and returned to the back in the IP;

the second exercise - from the PI lying on the stomach the face of an adult child is kneeling, fixing under the forearms, pulling the child by the arms up, lifting, laying on his back, lifting his legs and returning him to the stomach in the PI;

the third exercise - from the FE vertically with the back to the adult, fixing the torso, the child is bent forward with a complete turn over the head, placed on the back, pulled by the handles in a sitting position and returned to the FE;

the fourth exercise - from the IP, vertically facing the adult, fixing the torso, raise and put the child on the adult’s chest or shoulder, put one adult’s hand under the child’s back, on which they deflect him back, put the other hand on the stomach and rest on it complete revolution in the sagittal plane, put the child on his feet, take him by the body and return to the FE;

the fifth exercise - from the SP vertically with his back to the adult, fixing the child by the body, carry out alternating tilts in the frontal plane left-right at an angle of 90 ° with holding for 2-4 seconds in an inclined position;

the sixth exercise - from the IP, vertically with the back to the adult, fixing the child behind the body closer to the armpits, perform a rotational movement, combining the child’s legs lifting to the adult on the shoulder and a complete flip over the head, then return to the IP by the reverse rotational movement

in addition, each exercise is performed 8-10 times with a total session duration of 10-15 minutes.

EFFECT: activation of innate unconditioned reflexes, improvement of cerebral blood flow, work of centers of regulation of vascular and muscle tone, metabolic processes of the middle and medulla oblongata.

The patented method is based on reciprocal (reverse) exposure through unconditioned reflexes along the reflex arc to the corresponding parts of the central nervous system with direct exposure to blood flow to the brain (short exposure time - the child turns over for several seconds, but multiple in frequency).

The result is an improvement in the connection between the brain - spinal cord - periphery - normalization of the vascular tone of the brain and spinal cord. The brain, in turn, restores the vascular and muscle tone of the periphery, which leads to a significant qualitative improvement in microcirculation, and therefore, to the healing of the body as a whole. A direct effect on the periphery strengthens the bone-articular and ligamentous-muscular apparatus. The mechanism of the effect of exercises is associated with a reverse effect through unconditioned reflexes along the reflex arc to the corresponding sections of the central nervous system, as well as in the direct effect of blood flow to the brain.

The first exercise: a child from a supine position facing an adult is lifted above the surface with fixation by the hands, when lowering it is put back on its feet, placed on its stomach, then lifted by its legs with fixation by the knees or lower leg and returned to its original position. When the child is pulled by the arms to the sitting position, a cascade of reflexes arises - grasping, humeral with flexion of the arms and tension of the deep muscles of the back and neck, straightening from the lower back to the neck and neck, a full supporting reflex when standing up with straightening of the lower back, back, neck, head retention is restored . With further raising hands above the surface, all these reflexes are amplified, a short-term rise in intracranial pressure (ICP) is provided. Then the child is lowered to the surface (the physical condition is better or worse: the child falls to the feet — knees, buttocks), while the ascending cascade of supporting straightening reflexes from the legs to the lower back, torso, shoulders, neck is stimulated; then they are transferred to the supine position, due to which the ICP decreases (and with increased ICP due to short-term stimulation to an additional rise while relaxing the ICP to normal values according to the law of hyperpolarization), the muscles relax. When a child is taken by the lower legs or buttocks and begins to lift up, performing a handstand and then hanging upside down, the ICP rises for a short time, the work of the extensor reflex, tonic foot reflex, and neck-shoulder tonic support reflex are stimulated. With a small backswing, they put the child on his back, at this moment the foot tonic reflex intensifies. Then lying down as a result, the ICP decreases and the muscles relax, the cerebral and peripheral blood flow improves.

The second exercise - from a lying position on the stomach, facing the adult child, they sit on their knees, fixing them under the forearms, pull them up, raise them, put them on their backs, lift them by their legs and return them to their original position. When a child is transferred from a position on the stomach with support on the hands to a position on the knees, and then on the feet, the neck-shoulder tonic support reflex, flexion reflex (helps children with an increased tone of the extensors of the back), as well as an ascending cascade of support straightening reflexes from the legs to lower back, on the torso and on the neck. Lifting hands in the air enhances this result and restores the balance of the flexors and extensors of the body, muscle synergy, and causes a slight rise in ICP.

When placed on the stomach through the handstand and hanged upside down, this gives a training of the neck-shoulder tonic reflex, at the same time all the straightening reflexes, a short-term rise in the ICP; lying down - ICP decline, improvement of cerebral and peripheral blood flow, cerebrospinal fluid exchange, muscle relaxation.

The third exercise - from a vertical position with the back to the adult, fixing the torso, the child is bent forward with a complete turn over the head, placed on the back, pulled by the handles in a sitting position and returned to its original position vertically with the back to the adult. When rolling forward, the reflex work of the flexor muscles and the flexor reflex are provided, and the work of the flexors and extensors of the body is synchronized. Due to the alternating changes in ICP, cerebral and peripheral blood flow improves. When brought into a sitting position, training is provided for the cervicobrachial and flexor reflexes, the cascade of the rectifying reflex from the lower back to the torso and neck, the work of the abdominal muscles, and flexors of the hands.

The fourth exercise - from a vertical position facing the adult, fixing the torso, raise the child and put him on the chest or shoulder of the adult, put one arm of the adult under the child’s back, on which they deflect it back, and put the other hand on the child’s stomach and support it a complete revolution in the sagittal plane is made on it, put on its feet, taken by the body and returned to its original position. When rolling backwards, the flexion reflex is stimulated, the ICP rises for a short time, which enhances the work of the rectus muscles of the legs and back, allows the child to be put on his feet, which restores and stimulates the ascending cascade of supporting rectifying reflexes from the legs to the lower back, torso, and neck with a further decrease in ICP.

The fifth exercise - from a vertical position with the back to the adult, fixing the child by the torso, alternate tilts in the frontal plane left-right at an angle of 90 ° with holding for 2-4 seconds in an inclined position. There is a training of a lateral cervical-tonic reflex, symmetric and asymmetric trunk reflexes, holding the body in an extended position, synergy of movement of arms and legs. An alternating change in the ICP is carried out, improvement of cerebral blood flow.

The sixth exercise - from the initial vertical position with the back to the adult, fixing the child behind the body closer to the armpits, perform a rotational movement, combining lifting the child’s legs to the adult on the shoulder and a complete overturn over the head, then return to the original position by the reverse rotational movement. This exercise, similar to lifting-upheaval, is one of the most effective exercises to restore congenital reflexes, muscle tone, ICP, the functions of internal organs, the correct formation of vertebrae with a delay in the development of bone tissue from cartilage. Provides stimulation of the flexion tonic reflex, foot reflex, straightening, cervical-tonic reflex, increase in ICP with a decline at the end; stimulation of the supporting tonic reflex with straightening of the legs, back, neck.

Patented gymnastics “Prima” can be carried out by parents. The effect is carried out at all levels: etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic on the blood flow in the central nervous system, signal propagation along the reflex arc is enhanced, and peripheral blood flow is improved, joints are strengthened. It provides a high degree of impact on the background muscle tone, on the muscle tone of the load and posotonic reflexes (clearly proven during functional tests), a high level of impact on the psychomotor development of the child. There is a correlation with health indicators in dynamics (posture, speech, chronic diseases, academic performance). The effectiveness of the new complex was very high, an order of magnitude higher than the results of the use of generally accepted pharmacological agents, well-known gymnastics and children's massage. Efficiency increase due to activation of innate unconditioned reflexes, effects for qualitative improvement of cerebral blood flow, primary focus on improving the functioning of the centers of regulation of vascular and muscle tone, metabolic processes of the middle and medulla oblongata with minimal time costs. It is used for children from birth, does not cause pain, the parents can easily learn the gymnastics complex, the effectiveness is combined with minimal time costs.

Gymnastics has been tested on approximately 2,000 patients over 10 years. Positive dynamics in the development of children (about 200) was observed over the past 5-6 years after the use of gymnastics. In the absence of drug therapy after a three-month course of treatment, the following results were obtained, in particular: compensation for non-obstructive hydrocephalus, compensation or complete elimination of hydrocephalus (not a single shunted child), Elimination of umbilical hernias (not a single operated child, even with an initial hernia of 2 cm), elimination muscle hypertonicity and hypotension, elimination of tremor (from local tremor load to constant generalized tremor), restoration of bone formation from schevoy in the vertebrae with hypotonia in infants and the concomitant slowing of bone formation in the vertebrae, accelerating overgrowth defects in septa of the heart, the elimination of hip dysplasia in stages predvyvyha and subluxation (without spacers) and manifestations of rickets. A high level of psychomotor development, normalization of the function of the gastrointestinal tract, bronchi, lungs, as well as an improvement in the condition of the skin with atopic dermatitis were observed. Long-term results: good functioning of the systems of internal organs, wide pulmonary fields, cast back, direct landing, high arch of the foot, normal function of the interosseous muscles of the foot and hands (most suffering from muscular dystonia, which is manifested primarily by flatfoot and improper installation) feet in the legs and weakness of fine motor skills in the hands).

The achievement of the technical result is confirmed by the examples below.

Example 1. Baby S., born at 32 weeks of gestation, 02/04/2008, Clinical diagnosis: Prematurity, III tbsp.

Concomitant diagnosis: intra-amniotic infection of the fetus, omphalitis. Intrauterine growth retardation according to hypotype I, Art. Respiratory failure I-2 t. Hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system, muscle dystonia syndrome. Hydrocephalus. Anemia of premature mixed genesis of moderate severity. Conjugation jaundice 1 tbsp. Ventricular septal defect, open oval window 3 mm, transverse trabecula of the left ventricle, NK 0 tbsp. Carriage of CMV - infection. Umbilical hernia 2 cm. Parents consulted a doctor at the age of 1.5 months.

Gymnastics was used: 3 sessions per day 1.5 months, 2 sessions - 1.5 months, 1 session - 1 month. For the treatment of CMV carriage, treatment was once carried out with an imported immunoglobulin.

After 3 months, signs of hydrocephalus were not detected, by 8 months it was deregistered by the district neurologist. Defects in the interventricular septum are completely overgrown. At the site of the umbilical hernia, complete closure of the defect of the anterior abdominal wall is noted. Psychomotor development is normal. The child went to school at the age of 5 at his own request and with the permission of psychologists.

Example 2. Child M., born at 39 weeks., 04/25/2013

Diagnosis: Hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system, inhibition syndrome, IVH II tbsp. Polycythemia. Umbilical vein thrombophlebitis. MRI: mixed hydrocephalus, leukopathy. Gymnastics was carried out from the age of 1 month for 5 months: 5 sessions a day for 2 months, then 3 sessions a day - 2 months, 1-2 sessions - 1 month. At the moment, the child is 2.5 years old. The size of the ventricles of the brain by CT scan of the brain returned to normal by 8 months. External hydrocephalus is compensated from 2 months. Psychomotor development is normal. Residual effects: mild spasm of the longitudinal muscles of the back; mild valgus position of the feet - correction with insoles on the recommendation of an orthopedist.

Example 3. Baby C., was born at 38 weeks of gestation.

Diagnosis: Hypoxic-ischemic lesion of the central nervous system, IVH 1 tbsp., Conjugation jaundice. Up to 9 months was observed at the place of residence with a diagnosis of "Healthy." At the age of 9 months was examined at the reception, diagnosed with a delay in psychomotor development of 2 tbsp. (the child did not roll over, did not sit, did not crawl, did not correspond to age in terms of psychoemotional development), a muscular dystonia syndrome by hypotype. Parents turned to Children's Hospital No 18. The diagnosis was confirmed: the consequences of hypoxic-ischemic damage to the brain, IVH 1 tbsp., Delayed psychomotor development 2 tbsp., Hypotypic muscle dystonia syndrome. Parents refused the classic recommendations, were engaged in a patented technique. We were engaged in gymnastics for 2 months, 3 sessions a day and for one month, 2 sessions a day. By year 1, psychomotor development has fully recovered. At the moment, the child is 3 years old, psychomotor development is normal.

Example 4. Baby C., 6 months. Dysplasia of the right hip joint 1-2 degrees, malnutrition of the hip 20 degrees. On the recommendation of the surgeon, the leg was to be gypsum, and in the future it is possible to operate.

At the request of the parents, time was given to restore the joint.

For two weeks, they worked with the child every day according to the patented method, plus they rotated their legs in the hip joint in water (in the bathroom) for 5 minutes a day. Two weeks later, according to the results of ultrasound, the joint was completely restored.

Claims (9)

A method of therapeutic and preventive gymnastics for newborns and infants, including performing gymnastic exercises on a soft surface by changing the position of the child’s body in space while holding the child by an adult by the forearm, lower leg and trunk, characterized in that they conduct six exercises in the following sequence: the first exercise - a child from a starting position (PI) lying on his back facing an adult with fixation by the hands is brought into a sitting position, then into a standing position, raised above the surface, put on his feet, put on his stomach, then lifted by his legs with a fixation on his knees or lower leg and returned to the back in the IP; the second exercise - from the PI lying on the stomach the face of an adult child is kneeling, fixing under the forearms, pulling the child by the arms up, lifting, laying on his back, lifting his legs and returning him to the stomach in the PI; the third exercise - from the FE vertically with the back to the adult, fixing the torso, the child is bent forward with a complete turn over the head, placed on the back, pulled by the handles in a sitting position and returned to the FE; the fourth exercise - from the IP, vertically facing the adult, fixing the torso, raise and put the child on the adult’s chest or shoulder, put one adult’s hand under the child’s back, on which they deflect him back, put the other hand on the stomach and rest on it complete revolution in the sagittal plane, put the child on his feet, take him by the body and return to the FE; the fifth exercise - from the SP vertically with his back to the adult, fixing the child by the body, carry out alternating tilts in the frontal plane left-right at an angle of 90 ° with holding for 2-4 seconds in an inclined position; the sixth exercise - from the IP, vertically with the back to the adult, fixing the child behind the body closer to the armpits, perform a rotational movement, combining the child’s legs lifting to the adult on the shoulder and a complete flip over the head, then return to the IP by the reverse rotational movement in addition, each exercise is performed 8-10 times, with a total session duration of 10-15 minutes.