RU2563657C2 - Method of cow-heifer feeding during increasing the milk yield - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to method of cow-heifer feeding during increasing the milk yield. Method includes every day addition for 1 month with ration of the compound feed containing dry ichthyohomogenizat in amount of 5%wt of the compound feed prepared using species of ichthyofauna of fresh water basins and rivers of Ural region. Ichthyohomogenizat is received from cut and frozen coarse fish without fin that is crush ground to receive homogeneous faction with further drying to humidity 10-12% at temperature 105-110°C, grinding and separation to fractions to 2-3 mm.

EFFECT: invention excluded lack of protein in the ration, and increases milk production of cattle.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, and more specifically to methods of feeding animals with protein deficiency to increase the milk productivity of cattle.

A high level of milk productivity and the normal physiological state of highly productive cows are possible only with a detailed rationing of the needs for energy, nutrients, minerals and biologically active substances and in ensuring these needs by rational selection of feeds, appropriate top dressing and feed additives, in particular fish feed from various manufacturers and technology.

The well-known "Fish-vegetable feed additive" produced on the basis of fish waste and filler of plant origin, which are secondary raw materials, used as an additional source of protein in agricultural production (see Poultry farming, No. 12, 2004, p. 12-13).

At the low cost of such an additive, a limitation in its use is the instability of the composition in the absence of industrial production and the need to change its technology depending on the fillers.

There is also known a method of producing fish feed meal, in which raw materials (fresh and frozen sardine, horse mackerel, mackerel, herring, anchovy) are processed in an acidic environment, after which a centrifugation operation is performed (see US Pat. RF No. 1836030, A23K 1/10 from 01/23/91). In this method, the raw material is subject to separation to obtain separate fractions of bone and meat tissue, and exposure in an acidic environment is carried out for each fraction separately.

The quality of the resulting product, and therefore its price, also depends on the protein content in the flour, with an increase in the protein content, the nutritional value of the flour increases.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of production and the need for organic acids, which increases the cost of production.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method of feeding heifers with the correction of protein deficiency of cows when using a diet that includes fishmeal or an homogenized variety of representatives of the ichthyofauna of fresh water bodies and rivers of the Urals, with a crude protein content of 65-69%, which allows without changing the adopted feeding technologies and without high additional costs, using publicly available components and raw materials, to improve and adjust the condition of animals, as well as receive from highly productive cows rovoe offspring with increasing milk yield and milk quality, while reducing production costs and improving its profitability.

The problem is solved in that the composition of the diet of heifers when dividing daily for a month introduces feed containing dry ichthyogen homogenizate in an amount of 5% by weight of feed, prepared from representatives of the ichthyofauna of freshwater bodies and rivers of the Ural region, obtained from chopped and frozen low-value (weed) fish without fins, which is subjected to grinding to obtain a homogeneous fraction, followed by drying to a moisture content of 10-12% at a temperature of 105-110 C with grinding and sieving into fractions up to 2-3 mm, which allows eliminate protein deficiency in the diet of cow feeding, increase milk productivity and improve milk quality.

The composition of the ichthyogen homogenizate is presented in table 1.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed method of feeding was carried out on cattle - heifers during milking. The study was conducted on cows for 30 days. By the method of analogues, a control and experimental group of cows of 20 animals was formed. All animals were kept in the same conditions on the farm. The control group was given the main feed, the experimental group - 95% of the main feed + 5% ichthyogenesis (table 2).

Compound feed was made in the feed mill of the farm from a mixture of barley, oats, wheat, feed phosphate and sodium chloride. In the test sample, 5% of the feed was replaced with ichthyogen homogenisate.

Before the experiment, a study of feed was conducted. It was found that the content of energy feed units, metabolic energy and dry matter is almost the same. In the test samples, the crude protein content was 12.3% higher compared to the control.

Protein is necessary for dairy cattle to maintain the body's functions, growth, milk production and fetal development. The required amount of protein in the diet of cows during lactation is determined mainly by the amount of milk produced. Milk is a rich source of high quality protein. With an increase in milk production, it is necessary to increase the amount of feed protein. A lack of protein in the diet leads to a decrease in milk production and can affect the protein content in milk. An excess of protein in the diets is associated with the cost overrun of expensive feeds. Highly productive ruminants for lactation and the formation of their own protein in the body need proteins and amino acids that come with food and are well digested in the digestive tract. For most cows during lactation, full-feed (roughage plus grain, protein and energy supplements) should contain 19% crude protein during the first third of lactation.

Before the experiment and immediately after feeding ichthyogen homogenisate, blood was taken from animals for biochemical analysis. Productivity was taken into account according to the results of control milking. Milk was also analyzed for protein and fat (tables 3 and 4).

As can be seen from table 3, when feeding the proposed ichthyogen homogenisate in the blood of heifers, there is an increase in the level of total protein and protein fractions.

In addition, the level of urea significantly increases, which indicates the activation of the protein synthesizing function of the liver. In animals of the experimental group, indicators of mineral metabolism returned to normal: the content of calcium, phosphorus, zinc and magnesium increased in blood serum.

Experienced cows showed an increase in average daily milk yield of 6.84%. The fat content in the milk of cows treated with a diet with 5 percent ichthyogen homogenisate rises to 4.07% compared to 3.81% in cows of the control group.

Of all the constituent parts of milk, proteins are the most important in nutrition. They are complete, as they contain all the essential amino acids. The protein content in the milk of the experimental cows was 6.2% higher compared to the control, which shows no obvious effect of the proposed method for feeding the first-calf heifers.

The experiments and the presented results showed (tables 3 and 4) the feasibility, economic efficiency and prospects of the proposed method (table 5).

Thus, on the basis of production experiments, it was found that the introduction of ichthyogen homogenizate into the main diet according to the proposed method for first-calf cows in the regions of the Urals contributes to an increase in milk productivity, increases the biological usefulness of milk (increasing the content of fat, protein, energy value) and allows to obtain milk that meets the requirements sanitary quality while lowering its cost.

The method can be widely used both in the zone of the Ural region and Trans-Urals and in other zones and regions of the Russian Federation in which a protein deficiency in the diets of highly productive farm animals is recorded, in particular cows and there are undeveloped reserves of low-value fish in local water bodies and rivers.

Claims (1)

A method of feeding first-calf birds during dairy production, including daily introduction for 1 month into the diet of compound feed containing dry ichthyogen homogenizate in an amount of 5% by weight of compound feed prepared from representatives of the ichthyofauna of freshwater reservoirs and rivers of the Ural region, obtained from chopped and frozen low-value fish without fins, is subjected to grinding until a homogeneous fraction is obtained, followed by drying to a moisture content of 10-12% at a temperature of 105-110 ° C, grinding and sieving into fractions up to 2-3 mm.