RU2312516C2 - Fodder for laying hens - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: poultry science, fodder production.

SUBSTANCE: the suggested fodder includes the stuffing of fish processing wastes treated with mineral acid as concentrated sulfuric and/or 30-38%-hydrochloric acid, or the mixture of organic 85-90%- formic and mineral acids and, additionally, it contains fodder sea weed meal at the preset ratios. The innovation provides the balance of the fodder in question on macro- and microelements, organic iodine, among them, that in its turn leads to increased thickness of the shell, egg weight, the content of carotenoids and increased egg yield.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

1 dwg, 2 ex, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to feed production, namely to feed products for farm animals prepared from seafood.

Known feed additive for lactating cows, which represents the waste from the processing of algae phyllophora in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Roughage 12-15 Concentrated feed 8-10 Phyllophora waste 0.8-1.0 NaCl 0.2-0.25 Succulent feed Rest

Feeding the additive contributed to an increase in the fat content in milk of 0.30% (AS USSR No. 1255092, A23K 1/00, 1986). However, the phyllophore supplement contains protein compounds, macro- and microelements, including iodine, in an intact protein structure, which leads to difficult digestibility. The iodine content in it (40 mg / kg) exceeds the upper allowable limit of the content of this element in the feed.

Known feed for farm animals, including the main diet and a product from phyllophora - seaweed trace element concentrate with a ratio of components:

Trace Concentrate algal 0.35-0.70% Basic Diet Food Rest

The use of this feed increased the absorption of nutrients in the diet, which contributed to an increase in live weight and egg production of chickens (RF Patent No. 2048774, А23К 1/00, 1995).

Known feed additive from seaweed kelp (seaweed), used in the feeding of laying hens. The use of kelp for 60 days in an amount of 3.5-4.0% of the main diet of chickens allowed to increase the incubation quality of eggs, thereby increasing the yield of conditioned chickens, improving their postembryonic development and preservation in the first weeks of life (Mamaeva T.V. and etc. The effect of feed additives from kelp on the reproductive functions of chickens // Zootechny. - 2002. - No. 12. - P.15-17).

Known feed additive for cows, which is a waste product of the drug of laminaride, namely a wet mixture of finely divided parts of seaweed, which was extracted with simultaneous evaporation with water at 80-90 ° C. Laminaride production wastes were added to the generally accepted diet of cows, which ensured an increase in milk yield by 1–4% with a decrease in their incidence (AS USSR No. 1739953, A23K 1/00, 1992).

Known feed additive for cows, which contains mussel flaps, seaweed zooster clover and monoammonium phosphate. The mussel flaps (their share in the feed additive is 40.5 wt.%) Are crushed to the state of a grain and subjected to hydrolysis with 36% hydrochloric acid in a ratio of 1: 1. Zooster is included in the supplement to enrich it with protein and trace elements. Feeding the additive increased the milk yield of cows by 5.5-7.2%, the fat content in milk - by 0.15%, protein - by 0.11% (A.S. USSR No. 1479050, A23K 1/00, 1991).

Known feed additive used for fattening pigs - fish silage from the Black Sea anchovy, produced according to TU 15-1040-89 using a mixture of low molecular weight fatty acids of fraction C ₁ -C ₆ , which was compared with a protein supplement - minced fish produced from the same raw materials as silo, according to OST 15-110-75, canned sodium pyrosulfate. The main feed was feed. The overall nutritional value of the diets was the same in both cases. In both cases, the average daily gain was 773-767 g, the cost per 1 kg of gain was 4.62-4.64 feed units (Bakay S.M., Netesa A.I., Kovrov G.V. Fish silage for fattening pigs / / Zootechnics. - 1993. - No. 2. - P.17-18).

Known fish feed concentrate made from low-value raw fish, chilled and frozen fish, fish waste obtained by sorting and cutting fish for the manufacture of fish food products, preserved with acetic acid. The concentrate is intended for feeding pigs starting from 2 months of age. Fish feed concentrate contained moisture not more than 75%, crude protein not less than 18.0%, pH in the range 4.0-5.0, free acetic acid concentration not more than 0.6%. Substitution of feed and fish concentrate in the amount of 10 and 20% for protein in pig diets contributed to an increase in growth by 5.4 and 7.6%, a decrease in feed consumption per 1 kg of growth by 9 and 16%, respectively (Fomichev Yu.P. and others Fish feed concentrate is a valuable feed for pigs // Zootechny. - 2002. - No. 9. - P.14-15).

Known feed means, including boiled fish waste of sea bass and cod film, preserved with a mixture of formic and sulfuric acids (50% sulfuric acid - 3.9% by weight of fish waste and 80% formic acid - 0.2%) and raw fish waste from the processing of bream, carp, other fish, plus fish meal, preserved with sulfuric acid in the amount of 3% of the weight of the waste. In the first embodiment, unmilled fish waste was boiled, in the second, the raw materials were crushed by a spinning machine. The experiment was carried out on 3-month-old boars. Before feeding, canned fish waste was neutralized with chalk at the rate of 50 g per 1 kg of product. The main diet included a mixture of concentrates and potatoes, at the end of the experiment - carrots. The average daily consumption of fish waste was 850-890 g. As a result of the experience of the borovka, in comparison with the control, they had an average daily increase of 10-20% and spent 1-15% increase in feed units by 9-15% (Shkunkova Yu.S. Study fodder value of fish wastes preserved with acids. Author's abstract ... candidate of agricultural sciences - VIZH. - M., 1959. - 15 pp.).

Known feed product, taken as a prototype, which is a mixture of fermented minced fish and seaweed, having a creamy consistency containing 25-30% dry matter, 17-18% protein, 4-5% minerals, a complex of vitamins and minerals. This product contains a biologically complete, readily available protein for absorption, stabilized fat and fat-soluble vitamins. It is made by grinding raw materials to particles with a size of 3-5 mm and with the addition of strong mineral acids or a mixture of organic and mineral acids.

The inclusion in the diet of calves aged 7-10 months with 500 g of fish concentrate per head allowed to increase the average daily gain in live weight of young animals by 3.7% (Http: www.sibpatent.ru/default.asp? 11/27/2003. Promising technologies and new development (found on the Internet 09/13/2006).

The technical result of the claimed invention is the expansion of the arsenal of forage products from seafood due to the new ratio of components and receiving on this basis an unexpected effect.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that a fodder for laying hens is proposed, including minced fish processing waste treated with mineral acid, which is used concentrated sulfuric and / or 30-38% hydrochloric acid, or an organic mixture of 85-90% formic and mineral acids, and additionally contains algal feed flour in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Seaweed flour 2-5 Mineral acid, as which use concentrated sulfuric and / or 30-38% hydrochloric acid, or a mixture of organic - 85-90% formic and mineral acids 1.5-7.0 Minced fish waste Rest,

moreover, the tool is neutralized by the addition of calcium hydroxide or feed chalk at the rate of 3-5 kg per 100 kg of feed product.

The claimed invention differs from the closest analogue in the ratio of components.

The technology for the preparation of feed from fish waste and the processing of seaweed, including kelp (seaweed) for fodder purposes, is carried out in accordance with the recommendations set forth in the "Handbook of a Technologist for the Fishing Industry". T.111. Under the general editorship of V.M. Novikov. Ed. the second one. - M., Food industry. - 1972. - 504 pp., And the real feed for farm animals - from fresh or frozen fish waste obtained from fish processing at fish processing enterprises: whole low-grade and / or beaten fish, heads, entrails, mixed waste - in the form of minced meat preserved by acids and enriched with algal feed meal.

The waste obtained from cutting fish and used to prepare the feed has, on average, the following composition of the body parts of the fish: heads - 45-57%, entrails - 7-15%, fins, bones, meat cuts, substandard fish - 12-23% .

For preservation, concentrated sulfuric acid, 30-38% hydrochloric acid, 85-90% formic acid are used. The consumption of acid or a mixture of acids is determined by the pH of the processed feed, which should ultimately be in the range of 2.5-4.0.

The production technology includes the following operations: storage of the feedstock in the hopper 1, grinding fish stock by passing it through the top 2, so that the size of the outgoing particles does not exceed 10 mm; feeding crushed raw materials (minced meat) into an acid-resistant tank 3, adding mineral acid - sulfuric and / or hydrochloric acid, or a mixture of organic (e.g. formic) and mineral acids to it, mixing with a mixer, adding algae feed flour to the minced meat from the hopper for it storage 4 with thorough mixing of the components, keeping the feed mixture in the fermenter 5 until the components are completely dissolved with further mixing of the mixture, unloading the feed into the storage tank 6 (see drawing).

Example 1. At GUSP "Ostrovnaya Poultry Farm" a scientific and economic experiment was conducted on the livestock of hens of the breed Leghorn cross country "Belarus - 9". 210 chickens were selected at the age of 135 days, of which four groups were formed - one control and three experimental. Poultry content - cellular, planting density, feeding front - are the same in all groups. The control and experimental groups were located in the same tier of the cell battery and were in the same microclimate conditions. The experimental design is shown in table 1.

Table 1
Experience outline Group Experience period Preliminary Main Final Control OR OR OR 1 experienced OR OR + 10% COP OR 11 experienced OR OR + 20% COP OR 111 experienced OR OR + 30% COP OR Note: OR is the main diet; KS - feed in the composition, wt.%: Algal feed flour - 5; concentrated sulfuric acid - 5; fish processing waste (minced meat) - the rest.

The bird of the control group received a general diet containing fish meal up to 7%, depending on the age and level of egg production. In the feed mixture of the first experimental group was introduced 10% of the feed, the second and third - 20 and 30% of the mass of the main diet. Studies were performed for 90 days. The results are presented in table 2.

Table 2.
Research results Group of laying hens Control Experienced one eleven 111 Live weight at the end of the experiment: g 1790 ± 0.102 1900 ± 0.127 1980 ± 0.106 1930 ± 0,083 % 100.0 106.1 * 110.6 ** 107.9 * Egg production for the entire period of the experiment: PC 48.3 51,2 51,4 54.6 % 100.0 106.1 106,4 113.1 Average egg weight, g 51.23 50.92 52.26 52,54 Shell thickness, mm 1,093 1,091 1,095 1,094 The content of carotenoids, μg / g 3.12 3.38 3.43 3.86 The content of vitamin A, mcg / g 5,6 5,0 5,0 5,6 The mass of the yolk, g 14.55 14.70 14.71 15.30 Mass of protein, g 29.75 29.33 31.40 31.55 Note: * - significantly at P <0.05; ** - significantly at P <0.01.

The positive effect of the feed on the productive indicators of the bird is consistent with the data of the prototype. However, the study revealed an unexpected positive result, manifested in the effect of the claimed feed on the morphological and chemical composition of the eggs. In the experimental groups, there was a tendency toward an increase in the average egg mass, yolk and protein mass, shell thickness and carotenoid content (Table 2). So, the average egg mass in the 11th and 111th groups of chickens was 2.01-2.56% more than in the control group, the yolk mass was 2.0-5.15%, the protein mass was 5 , 55-6.05%, the thickness of the shell is 0.09-0.18%, and the content of carotenoids is higher by 9.94-23.72%, respectively.

At an acid concentration of less than 1.5%, there is a sharp increase in nitrogen-volatile bases, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of the protein composition and feed value of the product, as well as the total microbial number and the content of bacteria of the Escherichia coli group quickly exceed the maximum permissible values and, as a result, the use of feed becomes impossible. The use of acid concentrations in the amount of 5-7% may be appropriate only for waste with a high content of bones (for example, fish heads), since this concentration allows you to translate calcium, magnesium, which is contained in the bones, into a water-soluble state, which in turn improves physiological value of feed. The use of acid concentrations above 7% leads to protein denaturation, reduces the biological value of the feed, and is also not economically feasible.

When flour and grains of algal fodder are added to the feed, less than 2% of the egg production of the bird decreases, the chemical and morphological composition of the eggs deteriorates. At the same time, the use of 2-5% algae flour and cereal in the feed means allows the feed to be balanced for macro- and microelements, including organic iodine, which, in turn, leads to an increase in shell thickness, egg weight, and content carotenoids.

Exceeding 5% concentration in the feed of algae flour and grains leads to a significant reduction in protein content in the feed, since in order to stabilize fat, flour and algae feed grains are added in dry form and due to the high content of kelp, its swelling is 1000 -1500%. All this leads to a decrease in egg production and preservation of the bird, as well as to a sharp increase in the cost of the feed.

Example 2. Studied the amino acid composition of the claimed feed and fishmeal prepared from ocean herring (table 3).

Table 3
Amino acid composition of the claimed feed and fish meal from ocean herring Amino acid Feed agent Fish flour g per 100 g of dry material g to 16 g N g per 100 g of dry material g to 16 g N Aspartic acid 3,7 8.7 6.7 9.1 Serine 2.0 4.6 2,8 3,1 Glutamic acid 5.7 13,4 9,4 10,4 Glycine 3,1 7.4 4.4 6.0 Alanine 3.0 7.1 4.6 6.0 Valine 2,4 5,6 4.0 5,0 Tyrosine 1,1 2,5 2,3 3,1 Phenylalanine 2,4 5.7 2.9 3.2 Histidine 1,2 2.7 1.8 2,4 Arginine 3,7 8.6 4.3 5.8 Leucine 3,7 8.6 5.5 7.5 Isoleucine 1.9 4.4 3.3 4,5 Threonine 2.2 5.1 3,1 4.3 Cystine 0.3 0.6 0.7 1,0 Methionine 0.8 1.9 2.1 2.9 Lysine 4.2 9.9 5.7 7.7 Free lysine 1.4 3.2 - -

The data in table 3 indicate that the differences in the content of individual amino acids in the feed and fish meal prepared from the same raw material do not exceed ± 10%. Therefore, the feed product is quite acceptable for replacing feed fish meal in the diets of domestic animals and poultry; it expands the arsenal of feed products used in agricultural production. In addition, the claimed feed product enriches diets with vitamins, macro- and microelements, as well as stabilizes fish oil throughout the diet, which significantly increases the shelf life of fat without losing its biological value.

The invention is applicable to feeding laying hens in farms of all categories.

Claims (1)

Feed for laying hens, including minced fish waste processed with mineral acid, which is used concentrated sulfuric and / or 30-38% hydrochloric acid, or a mixture of organic 85-90% formic and mineral acids, and additionally contains algal feed flour in the following ratio of components, wt.%: seaweed flour 2-5 mineral acid in which quality is used concentrated sulfuric and / or 30-38% hydrochloric acid, or organic mixture - 85-90% formic and mineral acids 1.5-7.0 minced fish waste rest moreover, the tool is neutralized by the addition of calcium hydroxide or feed chalk at the rate of 3-5 kg per 100 kg of feed product.