RU2563563C2 - Design of impermeable wall - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to set of parts for assemblage during manufacturing of the impermeable wall structure. The set includes impermeable metal sheet (1) with row of the first parallel corrugations (5) and the row of second parallel corrugations (6) crossing at the crossing area (3), elongated stiffener (15) located in the said corrugations (6, 5) to increase the sheet pressure resistance, and anchor (30) with connecting element secured on the sheet external surface at the corrugations crossing area, on which the stiffener shall be held, and clamp (44) interacting with the longitudinal end of the stiffener to hold this stiffener inside the corrugation.

EFFECT: design of the appropriate impermeable wall is used in tight and heat insulated tank, installed in particular on the methane tanker.

27 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the manufacture of tanks with a corrugated metal membrane, in particular, tanks for containing a cold liquid product.

In some technical fields of application of tanks with a metal membrane, in particular in the field of transportation and storage of liquefied natural gas, an impermeable membrane is made of corrugated impermeable metal sheets containing on the inner side the first and second rows of corrugations, the corresponding directions of which are perpendicular. Such corrugations give the metal membrane the ability to elastic deformation, designed to absorb stresses that can be caused, in particular, by temperature shrinkage, hydrostatic pressure under the influence of the load, dynamic pressure from the movement of the load and, in relation to floating objects, deformation of the skin when the water surface is rough. However, such corrugations may be sensitive to too much pressure exerted.

To increase the resistance of such a shell to pressure in FR-A-2936784, it is proposed to place stiffeners under the corrugations between the membrane and its support. One of these proposed stiffener can be clamped in a self-locking recess with an expanded base.

According to a variant implementation of the invention, a set of parts for assembly in the manufacture of the construction of the impermeable wall, the kit includes:

- an impermeable metal sheet with a row of first parallel corrugations and a row of second parallel corrugations, the first corrugations being made secant with respect to the second corrugations at the intersection, wherein the corrugations protrude in the direction of the inner surface of the sheet,

- an elongated stiffener located in one of these corrugations on the outer surface of the sheet, opposite the inner surface, to increase the resistance of the sheet to pressure,

- an anchor part with a connecting element fixed on the outer surface of the sheet at the intersection of the corrugations, on which a latch should be attached, interacting with the longitudinal end of the stiffener to hold this stiffener inside the corrugation.

According to embodiments, such a set of parts for assembly may be characterized by one or more of the following features.

According to an embodiment, the anchor part comprises several clamps, for example, two, three or four, interacting with the respective ends of several stiffeners, comprising, for example, two, three or four, for holding the stiffeners in a plurality of corrugation segments at the intersection on which it is fixed anchor part.

According to an embodiment, one or each latch can interact with the end of the stiffener in a support position in which the latch blocks the end of the stiffener in a direction perpendicular to the sheet.

According to an embodiment, one or each latch can interact with the end of the stiffener in a locking position, in which the latch blocks the stiffener on the anchor part so that the stiffener is held on the sheet only by the action of the anchor part.

According to an embodiment, one or each retainer and one or each stiffener are designed so that they can interact in both of these positions. Therefore, the most adapted type of interaction can be selected taking into account the signs of planned use with the constant use of the same set of anchor parts and stiffeners.

According to an embodiment, one or each anchor part retainer is mounted on the end of a shoulder connected to the connecting element, wherein the arm is positioned so that it can extend into the corrugation, in which the stiffening element must be held by the retainer in the fixed position of the anchor part.

According to an embodiment, one or each arm of the anchor part comprises a positioning device, the contour of which is adapted to the cross section of the corrugation of the sheet, wherein the positioning device can interact with the sheet in the portion of the side walls of the corrugation to position the shoulder inside the corrugation in the fixed position of the anchor part.

According to an embodiment, one or each latch comprises a foot capable of being longitudinally positioned inside the sheet corrugation in the fixed position of the anchor part, wherein the stiffening element comprises an open socket on a surface portion of the longitudinal end of the stiffening element into which the latch foot can enter.

According to an embodiment, the tab of one or each retainer comprises a thickened portion for interacting with the surface of the longitudinal end of the stiffener for fixing in the longitudinal direction of the stiffener with respect to the tab.

According to an embodiment, the thickened portion of the foot can be inserted with force into the socket of the stiffener to firmly attach the stiffener to the anchor part as a result of elastic deformation of the thickened portion and / or socket of the stiffener. According to an embodiment, such a force placement can provide the fixation position mentioned above.

According to an embodiment, the anchor part comprises an abutment interacting with the surface of the longitudinal end of the stiffening element to restrict the foot in the nest of the further thickened section.

According to an embodiment, the same structural element serves simultaneously as a stop and the positioning device mentioned above. The socket on the stiffener can be made in various ways. According to an embodiment, the nest of the stiffening element comprises a longitudinal groove made on the outer surface of the stiffening element and intended to be turned to a position opposite the sheet.

According to an embodiment, the connecting element comprises a head for fixing on the outer surface of the sheet by resiliently entering the self-locking recess with an expanded base, made on the sheet at the intersection of the corrugations.

According to an embodiment, the anchor part has a body with which one or each latch is connected and at least one rod connecting the head and the body with each other with the formation of a cavity between them. The presence of such a cavity promotes elastic deformation of the thrust to compensate for possible discrepancies in the shape of different intersections on the metal sheet.

According to an embodiment, the rod has a beveled shape, thinning from the body to the head of the anchor part. This shape can facilitate the insertion of the head into a self-locking recess with an expanded base made in the sheet.

According to an embodiment, the kit further comprises a second anchor part with a connecting element for fixing on the outer surface of the sheet at the second intersection of the corrugation, in which the stiffener is to be attached, and a latch interacting with the second longitudinal end of the stiffener to hold this element inside the corrugation, while the stiffener has a length corresponding to the distance between the clamps of both anchor parts in a fixed position on the sheet so that the stiffener is held prognosis on the sheet between the two anchor parts as a result of interaction with both retainers.

According to an embodiment, both anchor parts are made the same, which simplifies their manufacture and use of a set of parts.

According to an embodiment, the stiffening element consists of a profiled body of constant cross section. This embodiment provides the optimal manufacture of stiffeners, in particular by extrusion from the corresponding material. According to embodiments, the stiffening elements are made of materials such as metals, in particular aluminum, metal alloys, polymers, in particular polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyetherimide, expanded polystyrene, or composites containing fibers, in particular fiberglass bound by a polymer.

According to an embodiment, the anchor part, the stiffening element and the metal sheet from the aforementioned set are made separately from each other and assembled together at a certain stage of the manufacture of the impermeable wall for which they are intended. The position of this stage in the complex method of manufacturing an impermeable wall is selected, in particular, taking into account the organization of the construction site or logistics tasks.

According to a variant implementation of the invention also proposed a method of manufacturing a structure of an impermeable wall, including:

- obtaining an impermeable metal sheet with a number of first parallel corrugations and a number of second parallel corrugations, while the first corrugations are made secant relative to the second corrugations at the intersection, and the corrugations protrude towards the inner surface of the sheet,

- the location of the anchor part with the connecting element and the latch so that the connecting element is fixed on the outer surface of the sheet, opposite the inner surface, at the intersection,

- the location of the elongated stiffener in the corrugation segment adjacent to the intersection on the outside of the sheet, so that the longitudinal end of the stiffener can be brought into interaction with the latch.

Such a method can be used, in particular, for prefabrication of an impermeable wall structure necessary to obtain a pressure-resistant impermeable membrane. According to embodiments, this method may further have one or more of the following features.

According to an embodiment, the method includes:

- the location of the second anchor part with the connecting element and the latch so that the connecting element is fixed on the outer surface of the sheet in the area of the second intersection adjacent to the first intersection on which the first anchor part is fixed,

- the location of the stiffener in the corrugation segment located between two intersections, so that the stiffener is held on the sheet between both anchor parts as a result of the interaction of both longitudinal ends of the stiffener with both latches.

According to an alternative embodiment, the method includes:

- fastening the end of the stiffener to the latch so that the stiffener is held on the sheet only under the action of the anchor part.

In this case, the stiffening element can be located in the corrugation segment located between the intersection on which the anchor part is fixed and the edge of the sheet, and protrude beyond the edge of the sheet for subsequent folding into the corrugation of the adjacent sheet.

Such a method is applicable for fastening a stiffener in one or more or all corrugations of a metal sheet, in particular, depending on the need for reinforcing the sheet.

According to an embodiment, the method includes:

- fastening anchor parts containing at the same time a connecting element and four clamps on the outside of the sheet at the site of all intersections on the sheet and

- the location of the stiffeners in all segments of the corrugation located simultaneously between two intersections, simultaneously with the interaction of both longitudinal ends of the stiffener with both clamps of both anchor parts fixed on the site of both intersections, so that both stiffeners are held on the sheet.

According to an embodiment, the method further includes:

- the location of the stiffeners in all segments of the corrugation located between the edge of the sheet and the intersections adjacent to this edge of the sheet, and

- at the same time fixing the stiffening element on the latch of the fixed anchor part in the corresponding intersection section so that the stiffening element is kept on the sheet only under the influence of the anchor part, while leaving the edge of the sheet. Such measures are feasible along one or more or all of the edges of the sheet, taking into account the requirements of the planned application.

An embodiment of the invention also provides a sealed and insulated tank located on a supporting structure, the tank comprising a heat barrier and an impermeable barrier for contacting the product contained in the tank, the impermeable barrier containing the above-mentioned set of parts assembled. Such a reservoir can be part of a ground-based facility for storing, for example, liquefied natural gas, or it can be installed on a floating facility, in the coastal zone or in open water, in particular, on a methane tanker, a floating storage and regasification unit, and a floating unit for production and remote storage, etc.

According to an embodiment, the vessel for transporting a cold liquid product has a double skin and the aforementioned tank installed in the double skin.

According to an embodiment of the invention, there is also provided a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cold liquid product is supplied via separate pipelines from or to a floating or surface complex for storage in or from a tank on the vessel.

According to an embodiment of the invention, there is also provided a system for transporting a cold liquid product, wherein the system consists of the aforementioned vessel, separate pipelines arranged so that it is possible to connect the tank installed in the vessel skin to a floating or ground storage and use a pump to supply a stream of cold liquid product separate pipelines from or to a floating or ground storage in or out of the tank on board the ship.

The basis of the invention is the creation of a device for strengthening a corrugated metal impermeable membrane that is resistant to pressure forces. Some aspects of the invention are based on the idea of creating a reinforcing device that is easy to manufacture and easy to mount on an impermeable membrane, easily adaptable to impermeable membranes with corrugations of different sizes and / or containing a limited list of parts.

Some aspects of the invention are based on the idea of prefabricating an impermeable wall structure suitable for the manufacture of a pressure-resistant corrugated metal impermeable membrane. Other aspects of the invention come from the idea of creating impermeable wall structures that are modular and easily combinable.

Further, the invention, its other objectives, details, features and advantages are explained in detail in the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely for information and without limitation, with reference to the attached drawings. This shows:

figure 1 is a perspective view of a corrugated metal sheet for the manufacture of impermeable walls;

figure 2 is a perspective view of an anchor cross-shaped part for fixing on the outer surface of the sheet in figure 1 at the intersection of the corrugations to hold the stiffeners;

figure 3 is a perspective view of a stiffener to reinforce the high corrugation of the sheet in figure 1;

figure 4 is a perspective view of a stiffener to reinforce the low corrugation of the sheet in figure 1;

figure 5 is a view with a partial section along the line V-V on the sheet in figure 1, the anchor part in figure 2, connected to the sheet by elastic jamming in a self-locking recess with an expanded base made in the sheet at the intersection;

Fig.6 is a partial perspective view of the outer surface of the sheet of Fig.1 with a stiffening element held in the corrugation by two anchor parts interacting with its two ends;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of part VII of FIG. 6;

Fig.8 is a partial top view of the edge zone of the outer surface of the sheet of Fig.1 with a stiffener held inside the corrugation by an anchor part that interacts with one of its ends;

Fig.9 is a schematic illustration of the connection zone of two sheets in Fig.1, a sectional view along the middle plane of a high corrugation of sheets, with a stiffener held in the corrugation by an anchor part interacting with one of its ends;

figure 10 is a schematic illustration of a tank with a breakout on a tanker for transporting methane containing an impermeable membrane from the sheet of figure 1, and a terminal for loading / unloading this tank;

11 is a quarter view in perspective in section on the mounting head of the anchor in figure 2, mounted in a self-locking recess with an expanded base, made in the sheet in figure 1;

12 is a view similar to that of FIG. 11 after turning through an angle of approx. 90 °;

Fig - top view of the stiffener, held in the corrugation by two anchor parts that interact with its two ends;

Fig.14 is a view of the outer surface of the sheet in Fig.1 with stiffeners held in all corrugations simultaneously by two anchor parts interacting with the two ends of the stiffener.

As shown in figure 1, the corrugated metal sheet 1 contains on its inner surface a first row of parallel, so-called low corrugations 5 and a second row of parallel, so-called high corrugations 6, the corresponding directions of which are perpendicular to each other. The expressions “high” and “low” here have a relative meaning and mean only that the first row of corrugations 5 have a height that is less than the height of the corrugations 6 of the second row. At the intersection 3 of the low corrugation 5 with the high corrugation 6, the low corrugation 5 has a discontinuity, i.e. it is interrupted by a fold 4, which serves as a continuation of the face of the peak 7 of the high corrugation 6 and protruding above the face of the peak 8 of the low corrugation 5. This shape is better seen in Fig.5.

At the intersection 3, the face of the top 7 of the high corrugation 6 contains a pair of concave corrugations 9, the concavity of which is facing the inner surface, and which are located on both sides of the edge of the top 8 of the low corrugation 5. The high corrugation 6 additionally contains a concave recess 10 at each intersection 3 on both sides of the fold 4. The recess 10 has a concavity facing the inner surface 2 of the sheet 1, and a double curvature. The first curvature, visible in figure 1, is located around an axis perpendicular to the middle plane of the sheet 1. The second curvature, visible in figure 5, is located around an axis perpendicular to the plane of figure 5. As shown in FIG. 5, concave recesses 10 create a broadening of the fold 4 towards the bottom 12 of the fold 4, i.e. They have the form of a self-locking recess with an expanded base. This form can be used in embodiments for elastic jamming of the anchor part in the bottom of the fold 4.

As an example, the low corrugations 5 have a height determined from the edge of the top 8 to the surface of the sheet 1, equal to approx. 36 mm, and a width at the base of the corrugation 6 approx. 53 mm. As an example, the high corrugations 6 have a height determined from the edge of the top 7 to the surface of the sheet 1, equal to approx. 54.5 mm, and a width at the base of the corrugation 6 approx. 77 mm.

As an example, sheet 1 consists of stainless steel or aluminum, has a thickness of approx. 1.2 mm and can be made by stamping. Other metals or alloys with different thicknesses are possible, but it should be borne in mind that increasing the thickness of sheet 1 entails its rise in price and, as a rule, increases the rigidity of the corrugations. When using impermeable membranes for cold liquids, some flexibility is required from sheet 1 to ensure its temperature shrinkage and to eliminate the risk of impairment.

The corrugated metal sheet 1 is well adapted to form an impermeable membrane of a large-capacity tank intended, for example, for a cold liquid product. However, the hydrostatic pressure created by the product contained in the tank, for example, liquid gas, can cause significant plastic deformations of the corrugations, in particular, flattening of the side surfaces of the high corrugations 6, spaced from the intersections 3. In such a tank located on the supporting structure of the vessel, the movement of liquid gas during its agitation and its impacts on the side walls of the tank during transportation can additionally cause dynamic pressure fluctuations, which also lead to significant plastic defects rmatsiyam corrugations. However, such deformations can lead to a decrease in the mechanical strength of sheets subject to significant temperature shrinkage, for example, in the case of filling with liquid methane, to break the impermeability of the sheets, in particular, in the butt welding zones of different sheets forming an impermeable wall. Below will be described stiffeners designed to eliminate or limit such plastic deformations.

Figure 3 shows the stiffener 15, intended to be placed in a high corrugation 6 towards the outer surface of the sheet 1. The stiffener 15 has a profiled geometry with a constant cross-section, which makes it easy to obtain an element of the desired length by cutting a profiled product of large length. Such a shaped article can be made, in particular, by extrusion through a point.

Element 15 has a thin upper wall 16 in the form of a semi-elliptical arch, significantly adapted to the shape of a high corrugation 6 and facing towards sheet 1. If the stiffener 15 is made of a material whose thermal properties differ from sheet 1, then its dimensions should be determined taking into account this differences for effectively maintaining the corrugation wall at an operating temperature of, for example, -162 ° that liquefied natural gas has.

The lower wall 17 of the element 15 for positioning opposite to the sheet 1 has a generally flat shape, necessary to support the bearing surface, formed, for example, by the inner surface of the heat-insulating barrier in the tank for liquefied natural gas. A groove 18 of rectangular cross section is made longitudinally in the middle of the lower wall 17.

Between the walls 16 and 17, the element 15 is hollow and contains only thin supporting ribs, in particular, two inclined ribs 19, intersecting in a portion of the central part 22 and located simultaneously between the angle of mating 20 of the walls 16, 17 and a point lying essentially half the height the opposite part of the wall 16, and a short rib 21 connecting the central part 22 with the bottom of the groove 18.

Since the surface of the low corrugations 5 is smaller than the surface of the high corrugations 6, the low corrugations 5 are more resistant to pressure. Nevertheless, it is advisable to strengthen them using stiffeners. Figure 4 shows the stiffening element 115 for inserting into the low corrugation 5 towards the outside of the sheet 1. Elements similar or identical to the stiffening element 15 are indicated by the same position, but larger by 100. In addition to its smaller dimensions, the stiffening element 115 differs from element 15 mainly by the absence of a lower flat wall. Consequently, the element 115 remains open between the two corners 120, and the groove 118 is formed under the central location 122 by two parallel longitudinal ribs 121, which are located on both sides of the symmetrical middle plane of the element and parallel to it.

As shown in FIG. 2, the cross-shaped anchor piece 30 can be used to fix the stiffeners 15 and 115 inside the corrugations 6 and 5 of the sheet 1. The anchor piece 30 comprises a central body 31 in the form of a hollow cylindrical section of a predominantly rectangular cross section, on which four outer sides are provided respectively, four shoulders, located essentially perpendicular to the axis of the body 31 and capable of interacting each with a stiffener to hold or facilitate the retention of the stiffener in the corresponding corrugation th sheet 1 as will be explained below.

Both rods 32 are connected to two short sides 37 of the body 31 and extend from the upper surface of the body 31 to form a small angle of inclination relative to the axis of the body, approaching, but not connecting to each other. The rods 32 are beveled towards their end furthest from the body 31. The ends of the rods 32 are connected by a rod 33 extending perpendicular to the axis of the body 31 and having a wider section than the end of the rods 32, for example, substantially equal to the width of the rods 32 at their base.

The rod 33 forms a mounting head, elastically jammed in a self-locking recess with an expanded base, made in a crease 4 at the intersection 3 of the sheet 1, as described above. For this, the thrust 33 is made with a cross section, the width of which slightly exceeds the width of the narrowest part of the fold 4.

Anchor part 30 may be molded from plastic.

Figure 5 shows the anchor part 30, mounted on the sheet 1. For such a fastening, the anchor part 30 is first positioned so that the rod 33 is adjacent to the input part 11 of the fold 4, the rod 32 is perpendicular to the sheet 1, and the shoulders of the anchor part 30 are located respectively under right angle to the four corrugation segments converging at the intersection 3. 3. Then, a force is applied to the stiffener 30 perpendicular to the sheet 1, for example, manually so that the rod 33 elastically fits into the input part 11 and the narrow part of the fold 4 and is located in the don second portion 12, where it is firmly retained by the elastic deformation of the two inclined surfaces 34. In the secured position, the axis of the body 31 extends substantially perpendicular to the median plane of the sheet 1.

As is more clearly shown in figures 11 and 12, the rod 33 has in its middle part a hollow section formed by a slit 38 located longitudinally between both ends of the rod 33, where the rod 32 is connected. When viewed from above, the slot 38 may have a diamond shape or other elongated shape . Slit 38 facilitates the elastic flattening of the rod 33 during its insertion into the narrow part of the fold 4. Both inclined surfaces 34 located on the sides of the rod 33 and sliding toward the inner surface of the fold 4 during insertion inward also facilitate its elastic flattening. Thus, the thrust 33 is able to elastically deform to accurately take the shape of the inner part of the fold 4, which may vary slightly from one intersection 3 to another on the same sheet 1 due to tolerances for processing this sheet. Therefore, the same anchor part 30 can be adapted for use at all intersections 3 of a corrugated sheet of sheet type 1 and even different sheets of this type having a small variation in processing tolerances.

As is more clearly shown in figures 6 and 8, in the position fixed on sheet 1, the four arms of the anchor part 30 are located in four corrugation segments that converge at the intersection 3. The following is a more accurate description of these arms and their purpose.

As can be seen from figure 2, two longer shoulders 40 are connected to the short sides 37 of the body 31, and two shorter shoulders 140 are connected to the long sides 36 of the body 31. The shoulders 40 extend into two segments of the high corrugation 6 adjacent to intersection 3, on which the anchor piece 30 is fixed. The shoulders 140 extend into two segments of the corresponding low corrugation 5.

The shoulder 40 has a generally rectangular section and is slightly inclined relative to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the body 31, i.e. tilted relative to the middle plane of the sheet 1 in the fixed position, this tilt is made in the opposite direction relative to the rods 32. The shoulder 40 ends with a positioning bar 41 mounted essentially parallel to the axis of the body 31, while the bar 41 is perpendicular to the axis of the high corrugation 6 in the fixed position of the element 30, as shown in Fig.

The width and shape of the sides 42 of the bar 41 are substantially adapted to the inner section of the high corrugation 6 in the presence of slight play so that the sides 42 can interact with the inner surface of the high corrugation 6 to stabilize the bar 41 in its position perpendicular to the axis of the high corrugation 6, in the fixed the position of the part 30. In addition, the shape of the plank 41, expanding sequentially in the lower direction, allows one or each side surface 42 to slide to the fillets 13 at the base of the high corrugation 6 in the installation time of the anchor part 30 to facilitate bringing the shoulder 40 into a substantially centered position within the high corrugation 6.

The locking tab 44 is connected to the front surface 43 of the bar 41, is in a centered lateral position relative to the bar 41 and is adjacent to the lower edge 45 of the bar 41, i.e. at right angles to the point of connection of the shoulder 40 with the strap 41. The foot 44 is located perpendicular to the axis of the body 31, i.e. parallel to the axis of the high corrugation 6, in the fixed position of the anchor part 30. The foot 44 has a generally rectangular section, the width of which is slightly less than the width of the groove 18 to allow sliding inside it, except for the thickened portion forming a cylindrical protrusion 46.

As can be seen from figures 6 and 7, in the fastening position of the anchor part 30, the portion 48 of the foot 44 located behind the protrusion 46 can enter by sliding into the inlet of the groove 18 of the stiffener 15 to fix the latter in the direction perpendicular to the sheet 1. This portion of the foot 48 may have a slight bevel to facilitate this approach. With this kind of interaction between the anchor part 30 and the stiffener 15, called the support position, the stiffener 15 can swing relative to the tab 44 if the second end of the stiffener 15 is not fixed. Therefore, this type of interaction allows the use of the anchor part 30 or similar means at each end of the element 15, as shown in Fig.6, which shows the second anchor part 130.

In order to be able to hold the stiffening element 15 in the segment 14 of the high corrugation 6 in the position between the two intersections 3, proceed as follows: the first anchor piece 30 is placed at the site of the first intersection. Then, the stiffening element 15 is placed between this intersection and the second intersection and a portion 48 of the foot of the first anchor part is brought in at the end of the groove 18. Then, a second anchor part 130 is installed at the second intersection and a portion 48 of the foot of the second anchor part is inserted at the other end of the groove 18. B as a result, both identical anchor parts 30 and 130 are fixed at both intersections 3, respectively, so that each of them contains a shoulder 40 passing through the corresponding section of the end of the segment 14 in different a systematic way. The stiffener 15 with a length less than or equal to the distance between the two protrusions 46 on both opposite shoulders 40 is thus held in the segment 14 in the position shown in Fig.6. In this position, both ends of the stiffener 15 are supported respectively on portions 48 of the legs of both anchor parts 30, 130 so that the stiffener 15 is held on the sheet 1 in a direction perpendicular to the sheet 1 and cannot swing. In addition, the protrusions 46 in each direction form a stop interacting with the surface of the end 49 of the stiffener 15 at the entrance to the groove 18 for fixing the stiffener 15 in the longitudinal direction of the high corrugation 6. Therefore, after its placement, the stiffener 15 is firmly held on the sheet 1 and equipped with Thus, sheet 1 can be freely manipulated, moved or brought into any position, while the stiffener 15 is not disconnected.

As shown in Fig. 8, the shoulder 40 provides another type of possible interaction with the stiffener 15. In this interaction, called the locking position, the stiffener 15 is pushed with a force on the tab 44 until the protrusion 46 is elasticly jammed in the groove 18, which is narrower, than a ledge. To facilitate elastic compression of the protrusion 46, the latter can be made with an internal recess 50, for example, of a cylindrical shape, as shown in Fig.7. Preferably, the stiffener 15 is retracted until the surface 49 of the longitudinal end abuts against the front surface 43 of the frame 41, which makes it possible to precisely position the stiffener 15 relative to the anchor part 30 and, therefore, relative to the sheet 1.

With this fixation position, the stiffener 15 is firmly held on the sheet 1 only under the action of the anchor part 30. As shown in Fig. 8, this fixation position can be used to hold the stiffener 15 in the segment 51 of the end of the high corrugation 6 located between the edge 52 of the sheet 1 and intersection 3 adjacent to this edge. Preferably, the stiffener 15 fixed in this way has a length exceeding the length of the segment 51 to extend beyond the edge of the sheet 1 and enter under the second adjacent sheet, as explained below. The placement of the stiffener 15 in this position can be done, for example, by a sharp blow of the hand at the end of the stiffener 15 that extends beyond the edge of the sheet 1. This placement is simplified as a result of the fact that the stiffener 15 is axially fed into the corrugation 6 by supporting its upper wall 16 on the sheet 1 inside the corrugation 6 and that the support of the sides 42 of the bar 41 on the sheet 1 inside the corrugation 6 holds the locking tab 44 in a centered lateral position inside the corrugation 6 at a level corresponding to the level of the groove 18. The beveled shape of the section 48 of the foot also makes it easier chu locking tabs 44 into the inlet portion of the groove 18.

The above description of the arm 40 of the anchor part 30 is also valid for the other arm 40 located in the opposite direction. It is also valid for shoulders 140, having the same purpose as shoulders 40, but with the only difference that shoulders 140 are low corrugations 5 and stiffeners 115. In the figures, the elements of the shoulders 140 are denoted by the same positions as the elements of the shoulders 40 , but more by the number 100, and they are not re-described.

Thus, it can be seen that the anchor part 30 can interact with two stiffeners 15 and two stiffeners 115 to hold, independently or with the help of other adjacent anchor parts, four stiffeners in four corrugation segments converging at the intersection 3, on which is fixed anchor part 30. For sheet 1 with large corrugations 6, which are identical to each other and evenly spaced, and with small corrugations 5, which are identical to each other and evenly spaced, it is therefore possible to equip Create all segments of the corrugations of sheet 1 with pressure-resistant stiffeners using only three sets of parts, namely, identical anchor parts 30, identical stiffeners 15 with a length adapted to the distance between two low corrugations 5, and identical between stiffeners 15 with a length adapted to the distance between two high corrugations 6.

With reference to Fig. 14, a possible method of equipping all corrugations with stiffeners located on the outer surface of sheet 1 is described. To use this method, sheet 1 is turned over and leaned against a support, for example, a wall, so that its outer surface is visible and that high corrugations 6 were arranged essentially horizontally, while low corrugations 5 would be located, in some way, vertically. The alphabetical order of the letter positions used in FIG. 14 indicates the order of assembly of the parts. Position A denotes the first anchor part located at the intersection at the bottom left corner of the sheet 1. After this, the stiffener 15 and the anchor part 30 are alternately set sequentially, following the high corrugation horizontally (letters B-Q), so that the stiffeners were simultaneously in a support position along with adjacent anchor parts. Then, the stiffeners 115 are placed in segments of the low corrugations 5 located next to the high corrugation that was previously equipped, and at the same time, the lower end of the stiffener 15 is brought into interaction with the shoulder 140 of the underlying anchor part in the support position (letter R). After that, they proceed similarly with the next high corrugation, as it was with the first high corrugation, and make sure that each added anchor piece 30 holds the stiffener 115 added in step R to provide the support position (letters S, T, U, V and etc.).

Of course, you can also equip only part of the corrugations or part of the corrugations of the sheet 1.

In the position shown in FIG. 14, end segments 51 of high corrugations 6 and end segments 83 of low corrugations 5 are not equipped with stiffeners. Starting from this position, the method described with reference to Fig. 8 can be applied to equip the stiffening elements along the edge or several edges of the sheet 1 of the end segments.

Three sets of parts used in this method can be supplied in the form of a disassembled reinforcing device for metal sheets such as sheet 1. Assembling such a reinforcing device and its location on sheet 1 can be done manually quickly and easily with relatively moderate physical effort. Therefore, such a reinforcement kit is also adapted for corrugated metal sheet with corrugations, the dimensions and quantity of which differ from the image in figure 1.

However, if the corrugations of the equipped corrugated metal sheet are not evenly distributed, it is convenient to produce several sets of stiffeners 15, 115 of different lengths, given that they can be cut from a long profile.

Sheet 1, thus equipped with stiffeners 15 and / or 115 held by means of anchor parts 30, can be used as a modular wall structure for the manufacture of an impermeable, pressure-resistant membrane by assembling several such structures. The interface between these two structures can be made, as shown in Fig.9.

Figure 9 schematically shows the interface between two corrugated metal sheets 54, 55, similar to sheet 1 in figure 1 and located next to each other so that their respective corrugations form a single line. Figure 9 shows a sectional view along the mid-plane of a high corrugation 6 extending over two sheets 54 and 55. Each of both sheets 54, 55 is equipped with the reinforcing device described above for reinforcing all corrugations of a sheet or assembly unit between them. These reinforcing devices are shown in FIG. 9 only partially, namely by means of a corresponding anchor piece 30 fixed on each sheet 54, 55 at the intersection 3 of the high corrugation 6 located closest to the edge 52 of the corresponding sheet, and also by means of a stiffener 15, located inside the high corrugation 6 partially under the sheet 54 and partially under the sheet 55. Thus, the stiffening element 15 reinforces the high corrugation 6 on the section of the interface between the two sheets 54 and 55.

When assembling sheets 54 and 55, one can proceed as follows. The sheet 54, previously equipped with a reinforcing device, is first laid on a supporting surface 60 on which an impermeable membrane is to be assembled. For example, the supporting plate 60 may be the upper bar of a known heat-insulating barrier. The sheet 54 carries a stiffening element 15 fixed on the anchor part 30 so that it extends beyond the edge 52 of the sheet 54 by a certain length.

The second sheet 55, already equipped with a reinforcing device, is then laid on top of the abutment surface 60 next to the sheet 54 and parallel to it so that the edge 52 of the sheet 55, which must ultimately slide onto the sheet 54, is on top. In the corrugation segment 57 near the edge 52 of the sheet 55, the high corrugation 6 of the sheet 55 does not contain a stiffening element. If the sheet 55 is laid in the direction of the arrow 59, then the edge section of the sheet 55 will be located on the edge section 56 of the sheet 54 along the edge 52, and the corrugation segment 57 of the sheet 55 will slide on the stiffener 15, while the end of the tab 44 of the anchor part 30 fixed to the sheet 55, will be located opposite the surface of the longitudinal end 49 of the stiffener 15, without interacting with it due to the presence of a gap 58 for institution inside.

This gap 58 for inward installation may also be present in the case when it is not necessary to produce a stiffener 15 with a size different from the sizes of other stiffeners used inside sheets 54, 55. If the sizes of sheets 54, 55 are chosen such that all low corrugations 5 are ultimately equally spaced both inside each of the sheets 54, 55 and on the interface between the sheets 54, 55, taking into account their overthrust, the stiffener 15 with a length brought into correspondence with this uniform gap can simultaneously be supported on both locking tabs 44 in the locking position shown in Fig.6, and at the same time is only able to be fixed on one locking tab 44 in the locking position shown in figures 8, 9, providing a clearance 58 relative to the other locking tab 44.

This property is due to the special dimension of the elements, which will be discussed in more detail below with reference to Fig. 13. On Fig shows a stiffener 15, held in a high corrugation 6 between two anchor parts 30. For clarity, the image of the sheet 1 is completely omitted. The given sizes mean:

- p: distance between the centers of two successive intersections along a high corrugation;

- d: the length between the center of the anchor part 30 and the end of the shoulder 40 on the surface 43;

- b: foot length 44 from surface 43;

- a: distance between surface 43 and protrusion 46;

- ι: length of the stiffener 15.

If we write Y = p- (v + 2d), then the following equations will preferably satisfy this size:

Thus, the gap 58 with amplitude (Y-b) is maintained in the position shown in Fig.9. In the position of Fig. 13, the stiffening element 15 is depicted in the position of the centered support between the two anchor parts 30. The dimension "c", which means the length of the portion 48 of the foot introduced into the groove 18, is:

Finally, both sheets 54, 55 can be hermetically welded along the edge portion 56. The combination of several wall structures described above with reference to FIG. 9 can be performed in a similar manner on the section of high corrugations 6 of sheets 54 and 55. In addition, similar measures can be applied to low corrugations 5.

Therefore, it is possible to produce an impermeable membrane with a large surface by combining in this way a plurality of rectangular wall structures with a flat bearing surface. Corrugated metal sheets can also be cut to other shapes and equipped in a similar manner. The impermeable membrane thus obtained can be fixed to the supporting surface 60 by any suitable means.

As described above, the locking tab 44 allows two types of interaction between the parts 30 and 15: one type of interaction is the support position shown in Fig.6, and the second type of interaction is the fixation position shown in Fig.8. Alternatively, both of these types of interaction can be provided by two different parts of the anchor part. Also, the strap 41 allows you to simultaneously use the device for positioning the shoulder 40 inside the high corrugation 6 and the stop for the stiffener 15 in the fixed position. Alternatively, both of these functions may be performed by separate elements.

The impermeable membrane manufacturing technology described above can be used for different types of tanks, for example, for the manufacture of a primary impermeable membrane for a liquefied natural gas tank in a ground installation or on a floating facility, such as a methane tanker, etc.

Figure 10 shows a view with a view of a tanker 70 for transporting methane, containing a sealed and insulated tank 71, usually of a prismatic shape, mounted in a double skin 72 of the tanker. The wall of the tank contains a primary impermeable barrier to contact with the liquefied natural gas contained in this tank, a secondary impermeable barrier located between the first impermeable barrier and the double skin of the tanker 72, and two insulation barriers located respectively between the primary and secondary impermeable barriers and between the secondary impermeable barrier and double skin 72 tankers.

In a known manner, the loading / unloading pipelines 73 located on the upper deck of the tanker can be connected via appropriate connecting devices to a sea or port terminal to transport cargo in the form of liquefied natural gas from or into the reservoir 71.

Figure 10 shows an example of a marine terminal with a loading and unloading point 75, an underwater pipeline 76 and a ground installation 77. The loading and unloading point 75 is a stationary coastal installation with a movable boom 74 and a tower 78 containing it. The movable boom 74 carries a link individual flexible pipelines 79, which can be connected to the loading and unloading pipelines 73. The movable and orientable boom 74 is adapted to any overall dimensions of methane tankers. A connecting pipe (not shown) is laid inside the tower 78. A loading and unloading point 75 allows loading and unloading a tanker for transporting methane from or to a surface installation 77. The latter contains reservoirs 80 for storing liquefied gas and connecting pipelines 81 connected by an underwater pipeline 76 to the loading unloading point 75 The subsea pipeline 76 provides transportation of liquefied gas between the loading and unloading point 75 and the ground installation 77 at a long distance, for example, 5 km, which allows t be 70 tanker at a great distance from the shore during operations for loading / unloading.

To create the pressure necessary for transporting liquefied gas, pumps and / or pumps of the ground installation 77 and / or pumps of the loading and unloading station 75 are used on board the tanker 70.

Although the invention is described with several particular options for its implementation, it is obvious that it is completely unlimited and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the described tools and their combinations, provided that they are part of the invention.

The use of the verbs “contain”, “consist” or “include” and their derivative forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or other steps besides those indicated in the claims. The use of an indefinite article in front of a noun signifying the name of an element or stage does not exclude, unless otherwise indicated, the presence of a plurality of such elements or stages.

Given in the claims, any position in parentheses should not be interpreted as limiting the claim.

Claims (27)

1. Anchor part (30) for the construction of an impermeable wall, containing:
- a connecting element (32, 33), fixed on the outer surface of the impermeable metal sheet (1) with corrugations protruding towards the inner surface (2) of the sheet opposite its outer surface, while the connecting element (32, 33) can be mounted on the sheet at the intersection (3) between the first corrugation, belonging to the row of the first parallel corrugations (5), and the second corrugation, belonging to the second row of parallel corrugations (6), and
- a latch (44) interacting with the longitudinal end of the stiffener (15, 115) to hold the latch in one of the corrugations (5, 6) intersecting at the intersection (3), while the stiffener is designed to be installed inside the corrugation to increase resistance sheet pressure. 2. A set of parts for assembly, intended for the manufacture of structures of an impermeable wall, containing:
- anchor part (30) according to claim 1,
- an impermeable metal sheet (1) with a number of first parallel corrugations (5) and a number of second parallel corrugations (6), while the first corrugations are secant with respect to the second corrugations at the intersection (3), and the corrugations protrude towards the inner surface (2) sheet, and
- an elongated stiffener (15, 115) for installation in one of the corrugations (6, 5) on the outer surface of the sheet, opposite its inner surface, to increase the resistance of the sheet to pressure. 3. The kit according to claim 2, in which the anchor part contains a plurality of retainers (44) interacting with the respective ends of the plurality of stiffeners to hold the latter in the plurality of corrugation segments converging at the intersection (3) on which the anchor part is fixed. 4. The kit according to claim 2 or 3, in which the latch (44) can interact with the end of the stiffener (15, 115) in the support position, in which the latch blocks the end of the stiffener in the direction perpendicular to the sheet. 5. A kit according to any one of claims 2 to 3, in which the latch can interact with the end of the stiffener in a fixing state, in which the latch blocks the stiffener (15, 115) on the anchor part (30) so that the stiffener is held on sheet only under the action of the anchor part. 6. A kit according to any one of claims 2 to 3, in which the latch (44) of the anchor part is mounted on the end of the arm (40) associated with the connecting element, the arm being mounted with the possibility of arrangement in the corrugation (6), in which the stiffener (15) must be held in place by the latch in the locked position of the anchor part (30). 7. A kit according to any one of claims 2 to 3, in which the latch (44) of the anchor part is mounted on the end of the arm (40) associated with the connecting element, the arm being mounted with the possibility of arrangement in the corrugation (6), in which the stiffener (15) must be held by the latch in the fixed position of the anchor part (30), and the shoulder contains a positioning device (41), the contour of which is adapted to the transverse profile of the corrugation of the sheet, while the positioning device can interact with the sheet in the portion of the side walls of the corrugation (6 ) d To position the shoulder in the corrugation in the fixed position of the anchor part (30). 8. A kit according to any one of claims 2 to 3, in which the latch contains a tab (44, 48), longitudinally located inside the sheet corrugation in the fixed position of the anchor part, while the stiffener contains an open socket (18) on a surface area of the longitudinal end of the element stiffness into which the clamp foot may go. 9. A kit according to any one of claims 2 to 3, in which the latch includes a tab (44, 48), longitudinally located inside the sheet corrugation in the fixed position of the anchor part, while the stiffener contains an open socket (18) on the surface area of the longitudinal end of the element stiffness into which the clamp foot can enter, and the clamp foot has a thickened portion (46) that interacts with the surface of the longitudinal end (49) of the stiffener to block in the longitudinal direction of the stiffener (15) relative to the foot (44). 10. The kit according to any one of claims 2 to 3, in which the latch contains a tab (44, 48), longitudinally located inside the corrugation of the sheet in the fixed position of the anchor part, while the stiffener contains an open socket (18) on the surface area of the longitudinal end of the element stiffness, into which the clamp foot can enter, and the clamp foot has a thickened portion (46) interacting with the surface of the longitudinal end (49) of the stiffener to block in the longitudinal direction of the stiffener (15) relative to the foot (44), and the thickened portion (46) can wind up foot firmly in the socket (18) of the stiffener for solid fixation of the stiffener (15) on the anchor part (30) by elastic deformation of the thickened portion and / or the socket stiffener. 11. A kit according to any one of claims 2 to 3, in which the latch contains a tab (44, 48), longitudinally located inside the sheet corrugation in the fixed position of the anchor part, while the stiffener contains an open socket (18) on the surface area of the longitudinal end of the element stiffness, into which the clamp foot can enter, and the clamp foot has a thickened portion (46) interacting with the surface of the longitudinal end (49) of the stiffener to block in the longitudinal direction of the stiffener (15) relative to the foot (44), and the thickened portion (46) the tabs can be pushed with force into the socket (18) of the stiffener to firmly fix the stiffener (15) on the anchor part (30) by elastic deformation of the thickened portion and / or socket of the stiffener, while the anchor part contains a stop (43) interacting with the surface of the longitudinal end (49) of the stiffener to limit the entry of the foot (44) into the nest of the further thickened section (46). 12. The kit according to any one of claims 2 to 3, in which the latch contains a tab (44, 48), longitudinally located inside the sheet corrugation in the fixed position of the anchor part, while the stiffener contains an open socket (18) on the surface area of the longitudinal end of the element stiffness, into which the latch foot can go, and the nest of the stiffener element contains a longitudinal groove (18) on the outer surface (17) of the stiffener for bringing it after turning into a position opposite the sheet. 13. The kit according to any one of claims 2 to 3, in which the connecting element contains a head (33), fixed on the outer surface of the sheet (1) by elastic institution in a self-locking recess with an expanded base (4) made in the sheet at the intersection ( 3) corrugations. 14. The kit according to any one of claims 2 to 3, in which the connecting element comprises a head (33), fixed on the outer surface of the sheet (1) by elastic institution in a self-locking recess with an expanded base (4) made in the sheet at the intersection ( 3) corrugations, and the anchor part contains a body (31) with which one or each retainer (44) is connected and a rod (32) connecting the head with the body to form a cavity (39) between them. 15. The kit according to any one of claims 2 to 3, in which the connecting element comprises a head (33), fixed on the outer surface of the sheet (1) by elastic institution in a self-locking recess with an expanded base (4) made in the sheet at the intersection ( 3) corrugations, and the anchor part contains a body (31) with which one or each retainer (44) is connected and a rod (32) connecting the head with the body to form a cavity (39) between them, while the rod (32) has a beveled a thinning form from the body (31) to the head (33) of the anchor part. 16. A kit according to any one of claims 2 to 3, which further comprises a second anchor piece (130) with a connecting element (32, 33) fixed on the outer surface of the sheet in the section of the second corrugation (3) of the corrugation in which the element is to be held stiffness (15), and the latch (44) interacting with the second longitudinal end of the stiffener to hold this stiffener inside the corrugation, while the stiffener has a length corresponding to the distance between the clamps (44) of both anchor parts (30, 130) in the fixed position on the sheet , So that the stiffening element is held on the sheet between the two anchor parts as a result of interaction with both retainers. 17. A kit according to any one of claims 2 to 3, in which the stiffener (15, 115) is formed by a profile body of constant cross section. 18. A method of manufacturing a design of an impermeable wall, including:
- obtaining an impermeable metal sheet (1) with a number of first parallel corrugations (5) and a number of second parallel corrugations (6), while the first corrugations are made secant with respect to the second corrugations at the intersection (3), and the corrugations protrude towards the inner sheet surface
- the location of the anchor part (30) with the connecting element (32, 33) and the latch (44) so that the connecting element is fixed on the outer surface of the sheet, opposite the inner side, at the intersection,
- the location of the elongated stiffener (15) in the corrugation segment adjacent to the intersection on the outer surface of the sheet, so that it was possible to engage the longitudinal end of the stiffener with the latch (44). 19. The method according to p, further comprising:
- the location of the second anchor part (130) containing the connecting element and the latch, so that the connecting element is fixed on the outer surface of the sheet in the area of the second intersection (3) located near the first intersection on which the first anchor part is fixed,
- the location of the stiffener in the corrugation segment (14) located between two intersections and held on the sheet (1) between both anchor parts as a result of the interaction of both longitudinal ends of the stiffener (15) with both latches (44). 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
- fastening the end of the stiffener (15) to the latch (44) so that the stiffener is held on the sheet only under the action of the anchor part (30). 21. The method according to claim 20, in which the stiffener (15) is located in the segment (51) of the corrugation, located between the intersection (3), on which the anchor part is fixed, and the edge of the sheet (52), and extends beyond the edge of the sheet for institution into the corrugation of an adjacent sheet (55). 22. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
- fixing the anchor parts (30), containing at the same time a connecting element and four clamps on the outer surface of the sheet at the site of all intersections (3), and
- the location of the stiffeners (15, 115) in all corrugation segments located simultaneously between two intersections while ensuring the interaction of the two longitudinal ends of the stiffener with both clamps (44) of both anchor parts secured to the area of both intersections (3), thus so that the stiffeners are held on the sheet. 23. The method according to item 22, further comprising:
- the location of the stiffening elements (15, 115) in all corrugation segments located between the edge of the sheet (52) and the intersections (3) adjacent to this edge of the sheet, and
- simultaneously fixing the end of the stiffening element on the latch (44) of the anchor part fixed on the corresponding intersection so that the stiffening element is retained on the sheet only under the action of the anchor part when leaving the edge of the sheet (52). 24. A sealed and insulated reservoir (71) located on the supporting structure and containing a heat-insulating barrier and an impermeable barrier for contact with the product in the reservoir, the impermeable barrier containing a set of parts according to any one of claims 2 to 3 in assembled form. 25. A vessel (70) for transporting a cold liquid product comprising a double skin (72) and a reservoir (71) located in a double skin and containing a heat-insulating barrier and an impermeable barrier for contact with the product in the reservoir, while the impermeable barrier contains a set of parts according to any one of paragraphs.2-3 in assembled form. 26. The use of a vessel (70) containing a double skin (72) and a tank (71) located in a double skin and containing a heat-insulating barrier and an impermeable barrier for contact with the product in the tank, and the impermeable barrier contains a set of parts according to any one of paragraphs. 2-3 assembled, for loading or unloading a cold liquid product, in which the cold liquid product is supplied through separate pipelines (73, 79, 76, 81) from or to a floating or ground storage (77) to or from the vessel’s tank (71 ) 27. A system for transporting a cold liquid product comprising a vessel (70) having a double skin (72) and a reservoir (71) located in a double skin and containing a heat-insulating barrier and an impermeable barrier for contacting a product in the reservoir, and the impermeable barrier contains a kit parts according to any one of claims 2 to 3 in assembled form, separate pipelines (73, 79, 76, 81) located with the possibility of connecting a tank (71) installed in the ship's skin to a floating or ground storage (77), and a pump cold flow of liquid product over separate pipelines from a floating or ground or storage or to or from a tank on the vessel.

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