EP2603729B1 - Impervious wall structure - Google Patents
Impervious wall structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2603729B1 EP2603729B1 EP11757385.7A EP11757385A EP2603729B1 EP 2603729 B1 EP2603729 B1 EP 2603729B1 EP 11757385 A EP11757385 A EP 11757385A EP 2603729 B1 EP2603729 B1 EP 2603729B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- reinforcement
- corrugation
- anchorage
- reinforcement part
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
- F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
- F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
- F17C2209/224—Press-fitting; Shrink-fitting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
- F17C2209/232—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations of walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
- F17C2260/013—Reducing manufacturing time or effort
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
- F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of manufacture of corrugated metal membrane tanks, in particular tanks intended to contain a cold liquid product.
- a waterproofing membrane In certain metal membrane tank technologies, particularly in the areas of transport and storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG), a waterproofing membrane consists of corrugated waterproof plates with, on their internal face, a first series of corrugations. and a second series of corrugations whose respective directions are perpendicular.
- Such corrugations give the metal membrane an elastic deformation capacity intended to absorb stresses that may result in particular from the thermal contraction, the hydrostatic pressure of the cargo, the dynamic pressure caused by movements of the cargo and, in the case floating structures, from the deformation of the hull to the swell.
- undulations may be vulnerable to excessive pressure forces.
- FR-A-2936784 proposes to insert reinforcing elements under the undulations between the membrane and its support.
- One of the proposed reinforcing elements can be clipped to an undercut of the membrane.
- such an assembly may have one or more of the following features.
- the anchoring piece comprises a plurality of retaining members, for example two, three or four, capable of cooperating with respective ends of a plurality of reinforcing pieces, for example at the number of two, three or four, for retaining the reinforcing pieces in a plurality of corrugation segments meeting at the crossing where the anchor is attached.
- the or each retaining member is adapted to cooperate with the end of the reinforcing piece in a support state in which the retaining member stops the end of the reinforcing piece in a perpendicular direction. to the plate.
- the or each retaining member is adapted to cooperate with the end of the reinforcing piece in a fixing state in which the retaining member fixes the reinforcing piece to the anchor piece, so that the reinforcing piece is retained to the plate by the sole effect of the anchor.
- the or each retaining member and the or each reinforcing piece are designed so as to cooperate in the two aforementioned cooperation states.
- the most suitable state of cooperation can be chosen according to the characteristics of the intended application by always using the same batch of anchoring and reinforcing pieces.
- the or each retaining member of the anchoring piece is arranged at the end of an arm connected to the attachment member, the arm being arranged to extend into the ripple in which the piece of reinforcement shall be retained by the retainer in the attached state of the anchor.
- the or each arm of the anchoring piece comprises a positioning member having a contour adapted to a transverse profile of a corrugation of the plate, the positioning member being adapted to cooperate with the plate at level of the side walls of the corrugation to position the arm in the corrugation in the attached state of the anchor.
- the or each retaining member comprises a tab adapted to extend longitudinally in a corrugation of the plate in the attached state of the anchoring piece, the reinforcing piece having an open housing at the level of a longitudinal end face of the reinforcing piece and adapted to receive the tab of the retaining member.
- the tab of the or each retaining member comprises a thickened portion capable of cooperating with the longitudinal end face of the reinforcing piece to stop longitudinally the reinforcing piece relative to the tab.
- the thickened portion of the tab is adapted to be forcibly engaged in the housing of the reinforcing piece to firmly fix the reinforcing piece to the anchor piece by elastic deformation of the thickened portion and / or the housing of the reinforcement room. According to one embodiment, such a force engagement can be used to obtain the aforementioned fixing state.
- the anchoring piece comprises a stop member adapted to cooperate with the longitudinal end face of the reinforcing piece to limit the engagement of the tab in the housing beyond the thickened portion.
- the same structural element provides both the aforementioned abutment member and the aforementioned positioning member.
- the housing of the reinforcement piece can be made in various ways. According to one embodiment, the housing of the reinforcement piece comprises a longitudinal groove dug in an outer face of the reinforcing piece intended to be turned away from the plate.
- the attachment member comprises a head adapted to be attached to the outer face of the plate by resiliently crossing an undercut of the plate at the crossing of the corrugations.
- the anchor comprises a body to which is connected the or each retaining member and at least one rod connecting the head to the body by providing a gap between them.
- Such an empty space promotes the elastic deformation of the rod to absorb any differences in shape of the different crossings of the metal plate.
- the rod has a beveled shape tapering from the body to the head of the anchor. Such a shape may facilitate insertion of the head into the undercut of the plate.
- the assembly further comprises a second anchoring piece comprising an attachment member adapted to be attached to the outer face of the plate at a second crossing of the corrugation in which the piece reinforcement must be retained and a retaining member adapted to cooperate with a second longitudinal end of the reinforcing piece to retain the reinforcing piece in the corrugation, the reinforcing piece having a length adapted to the distance between the retaining members the two anchoring pieces in the state attached to the plate, so that the reinforcing piece is retained in the plate between the two anchors by cooperation with the two retaining members.
- the two anchors are made identically, which simplifies their manufacture and the inventory management of the parts of the assembly.
- the reinforcing piece consists of a profiled body with constant section.
- the reinforcing pieces are manufactured in materials such as metals, especially aluminum, metal alloys, plastics, in particular polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyether imide, expanded polystyrene, or composite materials comprising fibers, in particular glass fibers, bound by a plastic resin .
- the anchor piece, the reinforcement piece and the metal plate of the aforementioned assembly are manufactured separately from each other so as to be assembled together at a certain stage of the construction of the wall. waterproof in which they are intended to serve.
- the position of this step in the entire process of construction of the sealed wall can be chosen in particular depending on the organization of the site or logistical constraints.
- Such a method can in particular be used to prefabricate a sealed wall structure suitable for producing a pressure-resistant sealing membrane. According to embodiments, such a method may furthermore have one or more of the following features.
- the reinforcing piece may be disposed in a corrugation segment extending between the cross where the anchor is attached and an edge of the plate and protrude from the edge of the plate to be engaged in a ripple of an adjacent plate.
- Such a method can be used to fix reinforcing pieces in one or more or all the corrugations of the metal plate, in particular depending on the needs of reinforcing the plate.
- the invention also provides a sealed and insulating tank disposed in a supporting structure, the tank comprising a thermal insulation barrier and a sealing barrier intended to be in contact with a product contained in the tank, the sealing barrier having a set ready to mount supra in a mounted state.
- a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
- FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
- FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
- a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a aforementioned tank disposed in the double hull.
- the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
- the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage facility. or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
- An idea underlying the invention is to provide a reinforcing device for reinforcing a corrugated metal sealing membrane against the pressure forces.
- Some aspects of the invention are based on the idea of prefabricating a sealed wall structure suitable for producing a pressure-resistant corrugated metal sealing membrane. Some aspects of the invention are based on the idea of making such watertight wall structures that are modular and easy to combine with each other.
- a corrugated metal plate 1 has, on its inner face 2, a first series of so-called low parallel corrugations 5 and a second series of so-called high parallel corrugations 6, the respective directions of which are perpendicular.
- the terms “high” and “low” here have a relative meaning and mean that the first series of corrugations 5 has a height less than the second series of corrugations 6.
- the low undulation 5 is discontinuous, that is to say that it is interrupted by a fold 4 which extends the crown edge 7 of the high corrugation 6 protruding above the vertex edge 8 of the low corrugation 5. This shape is better visible on the figure 5 .
- the crown edge 7 of the high corrugation 6 comprises a pair of concave corrugations 9 whose concavity is turned towards the internal face and which are arranged on either side of the vertex edge 8 of the low corrugation 5.
- a high corrugation 6 further comprises, at each cross 3, a concave recess 10 on either side of the fold 4.
- a concave recess 10 has its concavity turned towards the inner face 2 of the plate 1 and has a double curvature.
- a first curvature visible on the figure 1 is around an axis perpendicular to the average plane of the plate 1.
- a second curvature visible on the figure 5 is around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the figure 5 .
- the concave recesses 10 cause flaring of the fold 4 towards the bottom portion 12 of the fold 4, that is to say a form of undercut. This form can be exploited in embodiments to elastically wedge an anchor piece in the bottom of the fold 4.
- the low corrugations 5 have a height defined between the apex edge 8 and the surface of the plate 1 equal to about 36 mm and a width at the base of the corrugation 5 of the order of 53 mm.
- the high corrugations 6 have a height defined between the apex edge 7 and the surface of the plate 1 of the order of 54.5 mm and a width at the base of the corrugation 6 of about 77 mm.
- the plate 1 is made of stainless steel sheet or aluminum and has a thickness of about 1.2 mm and can be shaped by stamping. Other metals or alloys and other thicknesses are possible, knowing that a thickening of the plate 1 causes an increase in its cost and generally increases the rigidity of the corrugations. In the case of application of sealed membranes for cold liquid, a certain flexibility of the plate 1 is required to allow its thermal contraction without risk of rupture of the seal.
- the corrugated metal plate 1 is well adapted to form a tight membrane of a tank of large capacity, for example for a cold liquid product.
- the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the product contained in the tank, for example liquid gas can cause large plastic deformations of the corrugations and in particular crushing of the lateral faces of the high corrugations 6 at a distance from the crossings 3.
- the wave movements of the liquid gas against the side walls of the tank during transport may further cause dynamic pressure surges such that the corrugations also undergo significant plastic deformations.
- the reinforcing piece 15 adapted to be inserted in a high corrugation 6 on the side of the outer face of the plate 1 is shown.
- the reinforcing piece 15 has a profiled geometry with a constant cross section, which makes it possible to easily obtain a piece of the desired length by cutting a profiled body of great length.
- Such a profiled body can in particular be manufactured by extrusion.
- the part 15 has a thin semi-elliptical dome shaped upper wall 16 substantially adapted to the shape of the high corrugation 6 and intended to be turned towards the plate 1. If the reinforcing piece 15 is made of a material having a different thermal behavior of the plate 1, its dimensioning must take into account this difference to effectively withstand the wall of the corrugation at the temperature of use, for example -162 ° C for LNG.
- the bottom wall 17 of the part 15 intended to be turned away from the plate 1 has a generally flat shape to be able to bear on a support surface, formed for example by the inner surface of a thermal insulation barrier in the case of a tank for LNG.
- a groove 18 of rectangular section is hollowed longitudinally in the bottom wall 17 in the middle.
- the part 15 is hollow and comprises only thin support ribs, namely two oblique ribs 19 intersecting at a core 22 and each extending between a connecting angle 20 of the walls 16 and 17 and a point located substantially at half the height of the opposite portion of the wall 16, and a short rib 21 connecting the core 22 to the bottom of the groove 18.
- the low corrugations 5 are more resistant to pressure. However, it can also be helpful to reinforce them with reinforcement pieces.
- a reinforcing piece 115 adapted to be inserted into a low corrugation 5 on the side of the outer face of the plate 1 is shown.
- the elements similar or identical to those of the reinforcing piece 15 have the same reference number increased by 100.
- the reinforcing piece 115 differs from the part 15 essentially by the absence of flat bottom wall.
- the piece 115 is thus open between the two angles 120 and the groove 118 is formed under the core 122 by two parallel longitudinal ribs 121 which extend on either side of the median plane of symmetry of the piece parallel thereto. .
- a cruciform anchor 30 may be used to fix reinforcing pieces 15 and 115 in the undulations 6 and 5 of the plate 1.
- the anchor 30 has a central body 31 in the form of a hollow cylindrical section section generally rectangular, the four outer faces of which carry four arms extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the body 31 and each capable of cooperating with a reinforcing piece to retain or contribute to retaining the reinforcing piece in a corresponding corrugation of the plate 1, as will be explained below.
- Two rods 32 are connected to the two short sides 37 of the body 31 and extend from the upper face of the body 31 forming a slight angle inclined towards the axis of the body so as to be closer to one another without joining.
- the rods 32 have a beveled shape towards their end remote from the body 31.
- the ends of the rods 32 are connected by a rod 33 extending perpendicularly to the axis of the body 31 and having a wider section than the end of the rods 32, for example substantially equal to the width of the rods 32 at their base.
- the rod 33 forms a fixing head capable of being wedged elastically in the undercut of the fold 4 at a cross 3 of the plate 1, described above.
- the rod 33 is dimensioned with a slightly wider section than the narrowest part of the fold 4.
- the anchor 30 may be made by molding a plastic resin.
- the figure 5 shows the anchor piece 30 thus attached to the plate 1.
- the anchoring piece 30 is first arranged so that the rod 33 is applied against the inlet portion 11 of the fold 4, the rods 32 perpendicular to the plate 1 and the arms of the anchor 30 respectively arranged to the right of the four segments of corrugation that meet at the crossing 3.
- a force is applied to the anchor 30 perpendicularly in direction of the plate 1, for example manually, so that the rod 33 resiliently crosses the inlet portion 11 and the narrow portion of the fold 4 to be housed in the bottom portion 12 where it is firmly retained by elastic return of the two inclined faces 34.
- the axis of the corpus 31 is substantially perpendicular to the mean plane of the plate 1.
- the rod 33 has a recessed section in the middle by a slot 38 extending longitudinally between the two ends of the rod 33 where the rods 32 are connected.
- the shape of the slot 38 may be a rhombus or other elongate shape.
- the slot 38 facilitates the elastic crushing of the rod 33 during its insertion in the narrow part
- the two inclined faces 34 located on the sides of the rod 33 which slide against the inner surface of the fold 4 during this insertion movement also facilitate elastic crushing.
- the rod 33 is able to deform elastically to adapt to the precise shape of the inside of the fold 4, which may slightly vary from a cross 3 to another of the same plate 1 due to tolerances
- the same anchoring piece 30 is adapted to be used in all crossings 3 of a corrugated plate of the type of the plate 1 and even in different plates of this type having a slight dispersion. in their manufacturing ribs.
- two longer arms 40 are connected to the short sides 37 of the body 31 and two shorter arms 140 are connected to the long sides 36 of the body 31.
- the arms 40 engage in the two segments of the high corrugation 6 adjacent to the crossing 3 where the anchor 30 is attached.
- the arms 140 engage in both segments of the corresponding low ripple.
- An arm 40 has a generally rectangular section and a general direction slightly inclined relative to the plane perpendicular to the axis of the body 31, that is to say inclined relative to the mean plane of the plate 1 in the attached state, this inclination being in a direction opposite to the rods 32.
- the arm 40 ends with a positioning plate 41 substantially parallel to the axis of the body 31, this plate 41 taking a position perpendicular to the axis of the high corrugation 6 in attached state of the piece 30, as visible on the figure 8 .
- the width and shape of the lateral sides 42 of the plate 41 are substantially adapted to the inner section of the high corrugation 6, with a slight clearance, so that the lateral sides 42 can cooperate with the inner surface of the high corrugation 6. to stabilize the plate 41 in its position perpendicular to the axis of the high corrugation 6 in the attached state of the piece 30.
- the shape of the plateau 41 gradually widening downwards makes it possible to slide one or each lateral side 42 against the leaves 13 at the base of the high corrugation 6 during the installation of the anchoring piece 30, in order to easily guide the arm 40 to a substantially centered position within the high corrugation 6.
- a retaining tab 44 is connected to the front surface 43 of the plate 41, at a position centered laterally relative to the plate 41 and adjacent to the lower edge 45 of the plate 41, that is to say to the right of the connection point of the arm 40 with the plate 41.
- the tab 44 extends perpendicularly to the axis of the body 31, that is to say parallel to the axis of the high corrugation 6 in the attached state of the piece of anchoring 30.
- the tab 44 has a generally rectangular section of width slightly smaller than the groove 18 to slide in, except at a thickening forming a cylindrical pin 46.
- the portion 48 of the tab 44 located beyond the pin 46 can slidably engage the groove 18 of a piece of reinforcement 15 to stop the workpiece 15 in the direction perpendicular to the plate 1.
- the leg portion 48 may be slightly beveled to facilitate this engagement.
- the reinforcing piece 15 is able to swing relative to the tab 44 if the second end of the reinforcing piece 15 is not retained.
- This mode of cooperation therefore presupposes the use of an anchoring piece 30 or similar means at each end of the piece 15, as visible on the figure 6 where a second anchor piece 130 is sketched.
- a first anchor piece 30 is installed at a first intersection. Then a reinforcing piece 15 is installed between this crossing and the second crossing, by engaging the leg portion 48 of the first anchor piece in one end of the groove 18. Then a second anchor piece 130 is installed at the second crossing by engaging the leg portion 48 of the second anchor in the other end of the groove 18.
- two identical anchoring parts 30 and 130 are attached respectively in the two crossings 3, so that each has an arm 40 which extends in a respective end portion of segment 14, in opposite directions.
- the reinforcing piece 15 of length less than or equal to the distance separating the two lugs 46 from the two arms 40 facing each other is thus retained in the segment 14 in the position shown on FIG. figure 6 .
- the two ends of the reinforcing piece 15 are supported respectively by the leg portions 48 of the two anchoring pieces 30 and 130, so that the reinforcing piece 15 is retained at the plate 1 in the perpendicular direction. to plate 1 and can not rock.
- the lugs 46 provide in each direction a stop capable of cooperating with the end surface 49 of the reinforcing piece 15 at the entrance of the groove 18 to stop the reinforcing piece 15 in the longitudinal direction of the high corrugation 6.
- an arm 40 offers another possible mode of cooperation with a reinforcing member 15.
- the reinforcing piece 15 is engaged by force on the tab 44 to elastically pinch the pin 46 in the groove 18, which is narrower than this.
- it can be made with an inner recess 50, for example of cylindrical shape, as visible on the figure 7 .
- the reinforcing piece 15 is pushed until the longitudinal end surface 49 bears against the front surface 43 of the plate 41, which makes it possible to precisely position the reinforcing piece 15 with respect to the piece of support. anchoring 30, and therefore with respect to the plate 1.
- the reinforcing piece 15 is firmly retained to the plate 1 by the sole effect of the anchoring piece 30.
- the attachment mode may be employed to retain a reinforcing piece 15 in an end segment 51 of the high corrugation 6 extending between an edge 52 of the plate 1 and the crossing 3 adjacent to this edge.
- the reinforcing piece 15 thus fixed has a length greater than the segment 51 to protrude from the edge of the plate 1 and be able to engage under a second adjacent plate, as will be explained below.
- the establishment of the reinforcing piece 15 at this position may be effected for example by a sharp blow of the hand on the end of the reinforcing piece 15 protruding from the plate 1.
- This implementation is simplified by the fact that the reinforcing piece 15 is guided axially in the corrugation 6 by the support of its upper wall 16 against the plate 1 inside the corrugation 6, and that the support of the lateral sides 42 of the plate 41 against the plate 1 inside the corrugation 6 holds the retaining tab 44 at a laterally centered position in the corrugation 6 at a height corresponding to that of the groove 18.
- the beveled shape of the leg portion 48 also facilitates guiding the retaining tab 44 in the entrance of the groove 18.
- an anchoring piece 30 can cooperate with two reinforcing pieces 15 and two reinforcing pieces 115 for retaining, alone or with the aid of other adjacent anchoring pieces, the four reinforcing pieces in the four ripple segments meeting at the crossing 3 where the anchor 30 is attached.
- a plate 1 having high corrugations 6 identical to each other and regularly spaced and low corrugations 5 identical to each other and evenly spaced it is therefore possible to equip all the corrugation segments of the plate 1 with pressure reinforcement pieces using only three sets of pieces, namely mutually identical anchoring pieces 30, mutually identical reinforcing pieces, having a length adapted to the distance between two low ripples 5, and mutually identical reinforcing pieces 15 having a length adapted to the distance between two high ripples 6.
- the plate 1 is turned upside down and supported against a support, for example a wall, in such a way that its outer face is visible and the high undulations 6 are substantially horizontal, the low undulations 5 being almost vertical.
- the alphabetical order of the letters of reference represented on the figure 14 indicates the order of assembly of the parts.
- a first anchoring piece is placed in a cross located at a lower left corner of the plate 1.
- a reinforcing piece 15 and an anchoring piece 30 are placed sequentially following the high horizontal ripple (letters B to Q), so that the reinforcing pieces are each time in the support mode with the two adjacent anchors.
- Reinforcing pieces 115 are then placed in the low corrugation segments adjacent to the high corrugation which has just been equipped, each time making the lower end of the reinforcement piece 115 interact with the arm 140, the piece of reinforcement.
- underlying anchorage in the support mode (letters R).
- the next high corrugation is then carried out in the same manner as for the first upper corrugation, ensuring that each added anchor piece 30 retains a reinforcement piece 115 added to step R in the first corrugation mode. support (letters S, T, U, V, etc.).
- the three batches of parts used in this method can be provided in the form of a reinforcing device in kit form for metal plates of the plate type 1.
- the mounting of such a reinforcing device on the plate 1 can be realized by hand in a quick and easy way by exerting relatively moderate manual efforts.
- Such a reinforcement kit is therefore also adapted to a corrugated metal plate having dimensions and numbers of corrugations different from those shown on the drawing. figure 1 .
- corrugations of the corrugated metal plate to be equipped are unevenly distributed, the production of several batches of reinforcing pieces 15 or 115 having different lengths is easy, since these can be cut in a profile. of great length.
- the plate 1 and equipped with reinforcing pieces 15 and / or 115 retained by anchors 30 can be used as a modular wall structure to manufacture a pressure-resistant sealing membrane by assembling several of these structures.
- the interface between two of these structures can be realized according to the figure 9 .
- the figure 9 schematically shows the interface between two corrugated metal plates 54 and 55 similar to the plate 1 of the figure 1 , which are juxtaposed so that their respective undulations are aligned.
- the figure 9 is a sectional view in the median plane of a high corrugation 6 which extends through the two plates 54 and 55.
- Each of the two plates 54 and 55 is equipped with the reinforcement device described above, to reinforce all the corrugations plates or a subset of them.
- these reinforcing devices are very partially represented, namely by a respective anchor 30 attached to each of the plates 54 and 55 at the crossing 3 of the high corrugation 6 which is the closest to the edge 52 of the plate respective, and by a reinforcing member 15 which is disposed in the high corrugation 6 partially under the plate 54 and partially under the plate 55.
- the reinforcing piece 15 thus reinforces the high corrugation 6 at the interface between the two plates 54 and 55.
- the plate 54 already equipped with the reinforcing device is first placed on the support surface 60 on which the sealing membrane is to be mounted.
- the support surface 60 may consist of the upper plate of a thermal insulation barrier known elsewhere.
- the plate 54 carries the reinforcing piece 15 fixed to the anchoring piece 30 so as to protrude from the edge 52 of the plate 54 by a certain distance.
- the second plate 55 already equipped with the reinforcing device is then brought above the support surface 60 next to the plate 54 in a state parallel to the plate 54, so that the edge 52 of the plate 55 finally has to overlap the plate 54 is in height.
- the high corrugation 6 of the plate 55 does not include a reinforcement piece.
- This insertion set 58 may exist without it being necessary to make the reinforcing piece 15 to a different size from the other reinforcing pieces used inside the plates 54 and 55. If the plates 54 and 55 are dimensioned so that all the low corrugations 5 are finally equidistant, both within each of the plates 54 and 55 and at the interface between the two plates 54 and 55, taking into account their overlap, the reinforcing piece 15 of a length adapted to this uniform spacing is both capable of being supported on two retaining tabs 44 in the support mode illustrated in FIG. figure 6 , and both capable of being attached to a single retaining tab 44 in the fastening mode illustrated in FIGS. Figures 8 and 9 while leaving the clearance 58 relative to the other retaining tab 44.
- the two plates 54 and 55 may be sealingly welded at the marginal portion 56.
- the combination of several wall structures which has just been described with reference to the figure 9 can be performed similarly at all the high corrugations 6 of the plates 54 and 55. In addition, similar measurements can be used in the direction of the low corrugations 5.
- the retaining tab 44 provides two modes of cooperation between the parts 30 and 15: a type of support-type cooperation represented at the figure 6 and a fastener type of cooperation shown in FIG. figure 8 .
- these two modes of cooperation could be obtained using two separate parts of the anchor.
- the plate 41 provides both a positioning member of the arm 40 in the high corrugation 6 and an abutment member for the reinforcing piece 15 in the fixed state.
- these two functions could be fulfilled by separate elements.
- the technique described above for producing a waterproofing membrane can be used in various types of tanks, for example to form the primary waterproofing membrane of an LNG tank in a land installation or in a floating structure such as a ship LNG carrier or other.
- a cutaway view of a LNG tanker 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
- the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull 72.
- loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
- the figure 10 represents an example of a marine terminal including a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
- the loading and unloading station 75 is a off-shore fixed installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
- the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
- the movable arm 74 is adjustable. suitable for all models of LNG carriers.
- a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
- the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
- the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker vessel 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
- pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
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Description
L'invention se rapporte au domaine de la fabrication des réservoirs à membrane métallique ondulée, en particulier des réservoirs destinés à contenir un produit liquide froid.The invention relates to the field of manufacture of corrugated metal membrane tanks, in particular tanks intended to contain a cold liquid product.
Dans certaines technologies de réservoirs à membrane métallique, notamment dans les domaines du transport et du stockage du gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL), une membrane d'étanchéité est constituée de plaques étanches ondulées avec, sur leur face interne, une première série d'ondulations et une seconde série d'ondulations dont les directions respectives sont perpendiculaires. De telles ondulations confèrent à la membrane métallique une capacité de déformation élastique destinée à absorber des contraintes pouvant résulter notamment de la contraction thermique, de la pression hydrostatique de la cargaison, de la pression dynamique causée par des mouvements de la cargaison et, dans le cas d'ouvrages flottants, de la déformation de la coque à la houle. Toutefois, de telles ondulations peuvent être vulnérables à des efforts de pression trop élevés.In certain metal membrane tank technologies, particularly in the areas of transport and storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG), a waterproofing membrane consists of corrugated waterproof plates with, on their internal face, a first series of corrugations. and a second series of corrugations whose respective directions are perpendicular. Such corrugations give the metal membrane an elastic deformation capacity intended to absorb stresses that may result in particular from the thermal contraction, the hydrostatic pressure of the cargo, the dynamic pressure caused by movements of the cargo and, in the case floating structures, from the deformation of the hull to the swell. However, such undulations may be vulnerable to excessive pressure forces.
Afin d'améliorer la résistance d'une telle membrane à la pression,
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit un ensemble prêt-à-monter convenant pour réaliser une structure de paroi étanche, l'ensemble comportant :
- une plaque métallique étanche présentant une série de premières ondulations parallèles et une série de deuxièmes ondulations parallèles, les premières ondulations étant sécantes aux deuxièmes ondulations au niveau de croisements, les ondulations étant saillantes du côté d'une face interne de la plaque,
- une pièce de renfort allongée apte à être disposée dans une desdites ondulations sur la face externe de la plaque opposée à la face interne pour accroître une résistance de la plaque à la pression,
- et une pièce d'ancrage comportant un organe d'attachement apte à être attaché à la face externe de la plaque au niveau d'un croisement de l'ondulation dans laquelle la pièce de renfort doit être retenue et un organe de retenue apte à coopérer avec une extrémité longitudinale de la pièce de renfort pour retenir la pièce de renfort dans l'ondulation.
- a sealed metal plate having a series of first parallel corrugations and a series of second parallel corrugations, the first corrugations being intersecting at the second undulations at the level of intersections, the corrugations being projecting on the side of an internal face of the plate,
- an elongated reinforcing member adapted to be disposed in one of said corrugations on the outer face of the plate opposite to the inner face to increase a resistance of the plate to the pressure,
- and an anchoring piece comprising an attachment member adapted to be attached to the outer face of the plate at a crossing of the corrugation in which the reinforcing member is to be retained and a retaining member adapted to cooperate with a longitudinal end of the reinforcing piece for retaining the reinforcing piece in the corrugation.
Selon des modes de réalisation, un tel ensemble peut présenter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes.According to embodiments, such an assembly may have one or more of the following features.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la pièce d'ancrage comporte une pluralité d'organes de retenue, par exemple au nombre de deux, trois ou quatre, aptes à coopérer avec des extrémités respectives d'une pluralité de pièces de renfort, par exemple au nombre de deux, trois ou quatre, pour retenir les pièces de renfort dans une pluralité de segments d'ondulation se rencontrant au niveau du croisement où la pièce d'ancrage est attachée.According to one embodiment, the anchoring piece comprises a plurality of retaining members, for example two, three or four, capable of cooperating with respective ends of a plurality of reinforcing pieces, for example at the number of two, three or four, for retaining the reinforcing pieces in a plurality of corrugation segments meeting at the crossing where the anchor is attached.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le ou chaque organe de retenue est apte à coopérer avec l'extrémité de la pièce de renfort dans un état de soutien dans lequel l'organe de retenue arrête l'extrémité de la pièce de renfort dans une direction perpendiculaire à la plaque.According to one embodiment, the or each retaining member is adapted to cooperate with the end of the reinforcing piece in a support state in which the retaining member stops the end of the reinforcing piece in a perpendicular direction. to the plate.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le ou chaque organe de retenue est apte à coopérer avec l'extrémité de la pièce de renfort dans un état de fixation dans lequel l'organe de retenue fixe la pièce de renfort à la pièce d'ancrage, de sorte que la pièce de renfort soit retenue à la plaque par le seul effet de la pièce d'ancrage.According to one embodiment, the or each retaining member is adapted to cooperate with the end of the reinforcing piece in a fixing state in which the retaining member fixes the reinforcing piece to the anchor piece, so that the reinforcing piece is retained to the plate by the sole effect of the anchor.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le ou chaque organe de retenue et la ou chaque pièce de renfort sont conçus de manière à pouvoir coopérer dans les deux états de coopération précités. Ainsi, l'état de coopération le mieux adapté peut être choisi selon les caractéristiques de l'application visée en utilisant toujours un même lot de pièces d'ancrage et de renfort.According to one embodiment, the or each retaining member and the or each reinforcing piece are designed so as to cooperate in the two aforementioned cooperation states. Thus, the most suitable state of cooperation can be chosen according to the characteristics of the intended application by always using the same batch of anchoring and reinforcing pieces.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le ou chaque organe de retenue de la pièce d'ancrage est agencé à l'extrémité d'un bras lié à l'organe d'attachement, le bras étant agencé de manière à s'étendre dans l'ondulation dans laquelle la pièce de renfort doit être retenue par l'organe de retenue dans l'état attaché de la pièce d'ancrage.According to one embodiment, the or each retaining member of the anchoring piece is arranged at the end of an arm connected to the attachment member, the arm being arranged to extend into the ripple in which the piece of reinforcement shall be retained by the retainer in the attached state of the anchor.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le ou chaque bras de la pièce d'ancrage comporte un organe de positionnement présentant un contour adapté à un profil transversal d'une ondulation de la plaque, l'organe de positionnement étant apte à coopérer avec la plaque au niveau des parois latérales de l'ondulation pour positionner le bras dans l'ondulation dans l'état attaché de la pièce d'ancrage.According to one embodiment, the or each arm of the anchoring piece comprises a positioning member having a contour adapted to a transverse profile of a corrugation of the plate, the positioning member being adapted to cooperate with the plate at level of the side walls of the corrugation to position the arm in the corrugation in the attached state of the anchor.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le ou chaque organe de retenue comporte une patte apte à s'étendre longitudinalement dans une ondulation de la plaque dans l'état attaché de la pièce d'ancrage, la pièce de renfort comportant un logement ouvert au niveau d'une face d'extrémité longitudinale de la pièce de renfort et apte à recevoir la patte de l'organe de retenue.According to one embodiment, the or each retaining member comprises a tab adapted to extend longitudinally in a corrugation of the plate in the attached state of the anchoring piece, the reinforcing piece having an open housing at the level of a longitudinal end face of the reinforcing piece and adapted to receive the tab of the retaining member.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la patte du ou de chaque organe de retenue comporte une portion épaissie apte à coopérer avec la face d'extrémité longitudinale de la pièce de renfort pour arrêter longitudinalement la pièce de renfort par rapport à la patte.According to one embodiment, the tab of the or each retaining member comprises a thickened portion capable of cooperating with the longitudinal end face of the reinforcing piece to stop longitudinally the reinforcing piece relative to the tab.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la portion épaissie de la patte est apte à être engagée à force dans le logement de la pièce de renfort pour fixer fermement la pièce de renfort à la pièce d'ancrage par déformation élastique de la portion épaissie et/ou du logement de la pièce de renfort. Selon un mode de réalisation, un tel engagement à force peut servir à obtenir l'état de fixation précité.According to one embodiment, the thickened portion of the tab is adapted to be forcibly engaged in the housing of the reinforcing piece to firmly fix the reinforcing piece to the anchor piece by elastic deformation of the thickened portion and / or the housing of the reinforcement room. According to one embodiment, such a force engagement can be used to obtain the aforementioned fixing state.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la pièce d'ancrage comporte un organe de butée apte à coopérer avec la face d'extrémité longitudinale de la pièce de renfort pour limiter l'engagement de la patte dans le logement au-delà de la portion épaissie.According to one embodiment, the anchoring piece comprises a stop member adapted to cooperate with the longitudinal end face of the reinforcing piece to limit the engagement of the tab in the housing beyond the thickened portion.
Selon un mode de réalisation, un même élément structurel fournit à la fois l'organe de butée précité et l'organe de positionnement précité.According to one embodiment, the same structural element provides both the aforementioned abutment member and the aforementioned positioning member.
Le logement de la pièce de renfort peut être réalisé de diverses manières. Selon un mode de réalisation, le logement de la pièce de renfort comporte une rainure longitudinale creusée dans une face extérieure de la pièce de renfort destinée à être tournée à l'opposé de la plaque.The housing of the reinforcement piece can be made in various ways. According to one embodiment, the housing of the reinforcement piece comprises a longitudinal groove dug in an outer face of the reinforcing piece intended to be turned away from the plate.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'organe d'attachement comporte une tête apte à être attachée à la face externe de la plaque par franchissement élastique d'une contre-dépouille de la plaque au niveau du croisement des ondulations.According to one embodiment, the attachment member comprises a head adapted to be attached to the outer face of the plate by resiliently crossing an undercut of the plate at the crossing of the corrugations.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la pièce d'ancrage comporte un corps auquel est lié le ou chaque organe de retenue et au moins une tige liant la tête au corps en ménageant un espace vide entre eux. Un tel espace vide favorise la déformation élastique de la tige pour absorber d'éventuelles différences de forme des différents croisements de la plaque métallique.According to one embodiment, the anchor comprises a body to which is connected the or each retaining member and at least one rod connecting the head to the body by providing a gap between them. Such an empty space promotes the elastic deformation of the rod to absorb any differences in shape of the different crossings of the metal plate.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la tige présente une forme biseautée s'amincissant depuis le corps vers la tête de la pièce d'ancrage. Une telle forme peut faciliter l'insertion de la tête dans la contre-dépouille de la plaque.According to one embodiment, the rod has a beveled shape tapering from the body to the head of the anchor. Such a shape may facilitate insertion of the head into the undercut of the plate.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'ensemble comporte en outre une deuxième pièce d'ancrage comprenant un organe d'attachement apte à être attaché à la face externe de la plaque au niveau d'un deuxième croisement de l'ondulation dans laquelle la pièce de renfort doit être retenue et un organe de retenue apte à coopérer avec une deuxième extrémité longitudinale de la pièce de renfort pour retenir la pièce de renfort dans l'ondulation, la pièce de renfort présentant une longueur adaptée à la distance entre les organes de retenue des deux pièces d'ancrage dans l'état attaché à la plaque, de sorte que la pièce de renfort soit retenue à la plaque entre les deux pièces d'ancrage par coopération avec les deux organes de retenue.According to one embodiment, the assembly further comprises a second anchoring piece comprising an attachment member adapted to be attached to the outer face of the plate at a second crossing of the corrugation in which the piece reinforcement must be retained and a retaining member adapted to cooperate with a second longitudinal end of the reinforcing piece to retain the reinforcing piece in the corrugation, the reinforcing piece having a length adapted to the distance between the retaining members the two anchoring pieces in the state attached to the plate, so that the reinforcing piece is retained in the plate between the two anchors by cooperation with the two retaining members.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les deux pièces d'ancrage sont réalisées de manière identique, ce qui simplifie leur fabrication et la gestion de l'inventaire des pièces de l'ensemble.According to one embodiment, the two anchors are made identically, which simplifies their manufacture and the inventory management of the parts of the assembly.
Selon un mode de réalisation, la pièce de renfort est constituée d'un corps profilé à section constante. Un tel mode de réalisation permet une fabrication aisée des pièces de renfort, notamment par un procédé d'extrusion d'une matière adaptée. Selon des modes de réalisation, les pièces de renfort sont fabriquées dans des matériaux tels que des métaux, notamment l'aluminium, des alliages de métaux, des matières plastiques, notamment polyéthylène, polycarbonate, polyéther imide, polystyrène expansé, ou des matériaux composites comportant des fibres, notamment fibres de verre, liées par une résine plastique.According to one embodiment, the reinforcing piece consists of a profiled body with constant section. Such an embodiment allows an easy manufacture of the reinforcing pieces, in particular by a method of extruding a suitable material. According to embodiments, the reinforcing pieces are manufactured in materials such as metals, especially aluminum, metal alloys, plastics, in particular polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyether imide, expanded polystyrene, or composite materials comprising fibers, in particular glass fibers, bound by a plastic resin .
Selon un mode de réalisation, la pièce d'ancrage, la pièce de renfort et la plaque métallique de l'ensemble précité sont fabriquées séparément les unes des autres pour pouvoir être assemblées les unes aux autres à une certaine étape de la construction de la paroi étanche dans laquelle elles sont destinées à servir. La position de cette étape dans l'ensemble du procédé de construction de la paroi étanche peut être choisie notamment en fonction de l'organisation du chantier ou de contraintes logistiques.According to one embodiment, the anchor piece, the reinforcement piece and the metal plate of the aforementioned assembly are manufactured separately from each other so as to be assembled together at a certain stage of the construction of the wall. waterproof in which they are intended to serve. The position of this step in the entire process of construction of the sealed wall can be chosen in particular depending on the organization of the site or logistical constraints.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un procédé pour réaliser une structure de paroi étanche comportant :
- fournir une plaque métallique étanche présentant une série de premières ondulations parallèles et une série de deuxièmes ondulations parallèles, les premières ondulations étant sécantes aux deuxièmes ondulations au niveau de croisements, les ondulations étant saillantes du côté d'une face interne de la plaque,
- disposer une pièce d'ancrage comportant un organe d'attachement et un organe de retenue de manière à attacher l'organe d'attachement à la face externe de la plaque opposée à la face interne au niveau d'un des croisements,
- disposer une pièce de renfort allongée dans un segment d'ondulation adjacent au croisement sur la face externe de la plaque, de manière à faire coopérer une extrémité longitudinale de la pièce de renfort avec l'organe de retenue.
- providing a sealed metal plate having a series of first parallel corrugations and a series of second parallel corrugations, the first corrugations being intersecting at the second undulations at crossings, the corrugations being projecting on the side of an inner face of the plate,
- disposing an anchoring piece comprising an attachment member and a retaining member so as to attach the attachment member to the outer face of the plate opposite to the inner face at one of the crossings,
- arranging an elongated reinforcing member in a corrugation segment adjacent the intersection on the outer face of the plate, so as to cooperate a longitudinal end of the reinforcing member with the retaining member.
Un tel procédé peut notamment être utilisé pour préfabriquer une structure de paroi étanche convenant pour réaliser une membrane d'étanchéité résistante à la pression. Selon des modes de réalisation, un tel procédé peut présenter en outre une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes.Such a method can in particular be used to prefabricate a sealed wall structure suitable for producing a pressure-resistant sealing membrane. According to embodiments, such a method may furthermore have one or more of the following features.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le procédé comporte :
- disposer une deuxième pièce d'ancrage comportant un organe d'attachement et un organe de retenue de manière à attacher l'organe d'attachement à la face externe de la plaque au niveau d'un deuxième croisement voisin du premier croisement où la première pièce d'ancrage est attachée,
- disposer la pièce de renfort dans le segment d'ondulation s'étendant entre les deux croisements, de sorte que la pièce de renfort soit retenue à la plaque entre les deux pièces d'ancrage par coopération des deux extrémités longitudinales de la pièce de renfort avec les deux organes de retenue.
- have a second anchor piece having an attachment member and a retaining member for attaching the attachment member to the outer face of the plate at a second intersection adjacent the first intersection where the first anchor is attached,
- arranging the reinforcing piece in the corrugation segment extending between the two crossings, so that the reinforcing piece is retained at the plate between the two anchoring pieces by cooperation of the two longitudinal ends of the reinforcement piece with the two retainers.
Selon un mode de réalisation alternatif, le procédé comporte :
- fixer l'extrémité de la pièce de renfort à l'organe de retenue de sorte que la pièce de renfort soit retenue à la plaque par le seul effet de la pièce d'ancrage.
- attaching the end of the reinforcing member to the retaining member so that the reinforcing piece is retained to the plate by the sole effect of the anchor.
Dans ce cas, la pièce de renfort peut être disposée dans un segment d'ondulation s'étendant entre le croisement où la pièce d'ancrage est attachée et un bord de la plaque et dépasser du bord de la plaque pour pouvoir être engagée dans une ondulation d'une plaque adjacente.In this case, the reinforcing piece may be disposed in a corrugation segment extending between the cross where the anchor is attached and an edge of the plate and protrude from the edge of the plate to be engaged in a ripple of an adjacent plate.
Un tel procédé peut être utilisé pour fixer des pièces de renfort dans une ou plusieurs ou toutes les ondulations de la plaque métallique, notamment en fonction des besoins de renforcement de la plaque.Such a method can be used to fix reinforcing pieces in one or more or all the corrugations of the metal plate, in particular depending on the needs of reinforcing the plate.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le procédé comporte :
- attacher des pièces d'ancrage comportant à chaque fois un organe d'attachement et quatre organes de retenue à la face externe de la plaque au niveau de tous les croisements de la plaque, et
- disposer des pièces de renfort dans tous les segments d'ondulation s'étendant à chaque fois entre deux croisements en faisant coopérer à chaque fois deux extrémités longitudinales de la pièce de renfort avec deux organes de retenue des deux pièces d'ancrage attachées au niveau des deux croisements, de manière à retenir les pièces de renfort à la plaque.
- attaching anchoring pieces each comprising an attachment member and four retaining members to the outer face of the plate at all crossings of the plate, and
- have reinforcement pieces in all the segments of corrugation extending each time between two crossings by cooperating each time two longitudinal ends of the reinforcing piece with two retaining members of the two anchors attached at the level of two crossings, so as to retain the reinforcing pieces to the plate.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le procédé comporte en outre :
- disposer des pièces de renfort dans tous les segment d'ondulation s'étendant entre un bord de la plaque et des croisements adjacents audit bord de la plaque, et
- fixer à chaque fois l'extrémité de la pièce de renfort à un organe de retenue de la pièce d'ancrage attachée au niveau du croisement correspondant de sorte que la pièce de renfort soit retenue à la plaque par le seul effet de la pièce d'ancrage en dépassant du bord de la plaque. De telles mesures peuvent être prises le long d'un ou plusieurs ou de tous les bords de la plaque, en fonction des exigences de l'application visée.
- providing reinforcing pieces in all the corrugation segments extending between an edge of the plate and crossings adjacent to said edge of the plate, and
- fix each time the end of the reinforcing piece to a retaining member of the an anchoring piece attached at the corresponding cross-section so that the reinforcing piece is retained to the plate by the sole effect of the anchor piece protruding from the edge of the plate. Such measurements can be taken along one or more or all edges of the plate, depending on the requirements of the intended application.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi une cuve étanche et isolante disposée dans une structure porteuse, la cuve comportant une barrière d'isolation thermique et une barrière d'étanchéité destinée à être en contact avec un produit contenu dans la cuve, la barrière d'étanchéité comportant un ensemble prêt à monter précité dans un état monté. Une telle cuve peut faire partie d'une installation de stockage terrestre, par exemple pour stocker du GNL ou être installée dans une structure flottante, côtière ou en eau profonde, notamment un navire méthanier, une unité flottante de stockage et de regazéification (FSRU), une unité flottante de production et de stockage déporté (FPSO) et autres.According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a sealed and insulating tank disposed in a supporting structure, the tank comprising a thermal insulation barrier and a sealing barrier intended to be in contact with a product contained in the tank, the sealing barrier having a set ready to mount supra in a mounted state. Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
Selon un mode de réalisation, un navire pour le transport d'un produit liquide froid comporte une double coque et une cuve précitée disposée dans la double coque.According to one embodiment, a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a aforementioned tank disposed in the double hull.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un procédé de chargement ou déchargement d'un tel navire, dans lequel on achemine un produit liquide froid à travers des canalisations isolées depuis ou vers une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention fournit aussi un système de transfert pour un produit liquide froid, le système comportant le navire précité, des canalisations isolées agencées de manière à relier la cuve installée dans la coque du navire à une installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre et une pompe pour entrainer un flux de produit liquide froid à travers les canalisations isolées depuis ou vers l'installation de stockage flottante ou terrestre vers ou depuis la cuve du navire.According to one embodiment, the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage facility. or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
Une idée à la base de l'invention est de fournir un dispositif de renforcement pour renforcer une membrane d'étanchéité métallique ondulée contre les efforts de pression. Certains aspects de l'invention partent de l'idée de fournir un dispositif de renforcement qui soit facile à fabriquer, qui soit facile à assembler à une membrane d'étanchéité, qui soit facile à adapter à des membranes d'étanchéité ayant des ondulations de différentes dimensions, et/ou qui présente un inventaire de pièces limité.An idea underlying the invention is to provide a reinforcing device for reinforcing a corrugated metal sealing membrane against the pressure forces. Some aspects of the invention start from the idea of providing a reinforcement device that is easy to manufacture, that is easy to assemble to a waterproofing membrane, that is easy to adapt to sealing membranes having corrugations of different dimensions, and / or that has a limited inventory of parts.
Certains aspects de l'invention partent de l'idée de préfabriquer une structure de paroi étanche convenant pour réaliser une membrane d'étanchéité métallique ondulée résistante à la pression. Certains aspects de l'invention partent de l'idée de réaliser de telles structures dé paroi étanche qui soient modulaires et faciles à combiner les unes aux autres.Some aspects of the invention are based on the idea of prefabricating a sealed wall structure suitable for producing a pressure-resistant corrugated metal sealing membrane. Some aspects of the invention are based on the idea of making such watertight wall structures that are modular and easy to combine with each other.
L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers de l'invention, donnés uniquement à titre illustratif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés.The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, characteristics and advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the course of the following description of several particular embodiments of the invention, given solely for illustrative and non-limiting purposes. with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Sur ces dessins :
- La
figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une plaque métallique ondulée pouvant être utilisée pour réaliser une paroi étanche. - La
figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'une pièce d'ancrage cruciforme pouvant être attachée à la face externe de la plaque de lafigure 1 au niveau d'un croisement de ses ondulations pour retenir des pièces de renfort. - La
figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'une pièce de renfort convenant pour renforcer une ondulation haute de la plaque de lafigure 1 . - La
figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'une pièce de renfort convenant pour renforcer une ondulation basse de la plaque de lafigure 1 . - La
figure 5 est une vue partielle en coupe de la plaque de lafigure 1 selon la ligne V-V montrant la pièce d'ancrage de lafigure 2 attachée à celle-ci par coincement élastique dans une contre-dépouille de la plaque au niveau d'un croisement. - La
figure 6 est une vue partielle en perspective de la face externe de la plaque de lafigure 1 avec une pièce de renfort retenue dans une ondulation par deux pièces d'ancrage coopérant avec ses deux extrémités. - La
figure 7 est une vue agrandie du détail VII de lafigure 6 . - La
figure 8 est une vue partielle en plan d'une zone marginale de la face externe de la plaque de lafigure 1 avec une pièce de renfort retenue dans une ondulation par une pièce d'ancrage coopérant avec une de ses extrémités. - La
figure 9 est une représentation schématique d'une zone de jonction entre deux plaques de lafigure 1 vue en coupe dans le plan médian d'une ondulation haute des plaques, avec une pièce de renfort retenue dans l'ondulation par une pièce d'ancrage coopérant avec une de ses extrémités. - La
figure 10 est une représentation schématique écorchée d'une cuve de navire méthanier comportant une membrane d'étanchéité réalisée à partir de la plaque de lafigure 1 et d'un terminal de chargement/déchargement de cette cuve. - La
figure 11 est une vue en perspective quart de coupe d'une tête de fixation de la pièce d'ancrage de lafigure 2 attachée dans une contre-dépouille de la plaque de lafigure 1 . - La
figure 12 est une vue analogue à lafigure 11 selon un angle de vue tourné d'environ 90°. - La
figure 13 est vue plane d'une pièce de renfort retenue dans une ondulation par deux pièces d'ancrage coopérant avec ses deux extrémités. - La
figure 14 est une vue de la face externe de la plaque de lafigure 1 avec des pièces de renfort retenues dans toutes ses ondulations à chaque fois par deux pièces d'ancrage coopérant avec les deux extrémités d'une pièce de renfort.
- The
figure 1 is a perspective view of a corrugated metal plate that can be used to make a watertight wall. - The
figure 2 is a perspective view of a cruciform anchor that can be attached to the outer face of the plate of thefigure 1 at a crossing of its undulations to retain reinforcements. - The
figure 3 is a perspective view of a reinforcing piece suitable for reinforcing a high undulation of the plate of thefigure 1 . - The
figure 4 is a perspective view of a reinforcing piece suitable for reinforcing a low undulation of the plate of thefigure 1 . - The
figure 5 is a partial sectional view of the plate of thefigure 1 according to the VV line showing the anchor piece of thefigure 2 attached to it by elastic wedging in an undercut of the plate at a cross. - The
figure 6 is a partial perspective view of the outer face of the plate of thefigure 1 with a reinforcing piece retained in a corrugation by two anchoring parts cooperating with its two ends. - The
figure 7 is an enlarged view of detail VII of thefigure 6 . - The
figure 8 is a partial plan view of a marginal area of the outer face of the plate of thefigure 1 with a reinforcing piece retained in a corrugation by an anchor cooperating with one of its ends. - The
figure 9 is a schematic representation of a junction zone between two plates of thefigure 1 sectional view in the median plane of a high corrugation of the plates, with a reinforcement piece retained in the corrugation by an anchoring piece cooperating with one of its ends. - The
figure 10 is a cut-away schematic representation of a tank of a LNG carrier having a waterproofing membrane made from the plate of thefigure 1 and a loading / unloading terminal of this vessel. - The
figure 11 is a quarter-sectional perspective view of a fastening head of the anchor piece of thefigure 2 tied in an undercut the plate of thefigure 1 . - The
figure 12 is a view similar to thefigure 11 at a viewing angle of about 90 °. - The
figure 13 is plane view of a reinforcing piece retained in a corrugation by two anchoring parts cooperating with its two ends. - The
figure 14 is a view of the outer face of the plate of thefigure 1 with reinforcing pieces retained in all its corrugations each time by two anchors cooperating with both ends of a reinforcing piece.
En référence à la
Au niveau d'un croisement 3, l'arête de sommet 7 de l'ondulation haute 6 comporte une paire d'ondulations concaves 9 dont la concavité est tournée vers la face interne et qui sont disposées de part et d'autre de l'arête de sommet 8 de l'ondulation basse 5. Une ondulation haute 6 comporte, en outre, au niveau de chaque croisement 3, un renfoncement concave 10 de part et d'autre du pli 4. Un renfoncement concave 10 présente sa concavité tournée vers la face interne 2 de la plaque 1 et présente une double courbure. Une première courbure visible sur la
A titre d'exemple, les ondulations basses 5 possèdent une hauteur définie entre l'arête de sommet 8 et la surface de la plaque 1 égale environ à 36 mm et une largeur à la base de l'ondulation 5 de l'ordre de 53 mm. A titre d'exemple, les ondulations hautes 6 possèdent une hauteur définie entre l'arête de sommet 7 et la surface de la plaque 1 de l'ordre de 54,5 mm et une largeur à la base de l'ondulation 6 d'environ 77 mm.By way of example, the
A titre d'exemple, la plaque 1 est réalisée en tôle d'acier inoxydable ou d'aluminium et présente une épaisseur d'environ 1,2 mm et peut être mise en forme par emboutissage. D'autres métaux ou alliages et d'autres épaisseurs sont possibles, sachant qu'un épaississement de la plaque 1 entraine une augmentation de son coût et accroît généralement la rigidité des ondulations. Dans le cas d'application des membranes étanches pour liquide froid, une certaine souplesse de la plaque 1 est requise pour permettre sa contraction thermique sans risque de rupture de l'étanchéité.For example, the
La plaque métallique ondulée 1 est bien adaptée pour former une membrane étanche d'une cuve de grande capacité, par exemple pour un produit liquide froid. Cependant, la pression hydrostatique exercée par le produit contenu dans la cuve, par exemple du gaz liquide, peut engendrer des déformations plastiques importantes des ondulations et notamment un écrasement des faces latérales des ondulations hautes 6 à distance des croisements 3. Dans une telle cuve intégrée à la structure porteuse d'un navire, les mouvements de houle du gaz liquide contre les parois latérales de la cuve au cours du transport peuvent en outre engendrer des à-coups de pression dynamique tels que les ondulations subissent également des déformations plastiques importantes. Or, de telles déformations peuvent conduire à dégrader la résistance mécanique des plaques, qui sont soumises à des contractions thermiques importantes, par exemple lorsqu'elles reçoivent du méthane liquide, et nuire ainsi à l'étanchéité des plaques, notamment dans les zones de soudure à la jonction entre les différentes plaques de la paroi étanche. On décrit ci-dessous des pièces de renfort destinées à éviter ou limiter de telles déformations plastiques.The
En référence à la
La pièce 15 présente une paroi supérieure mince 16 en forme de dôme semi-elliptique sensiblement adaptée à la forme de l'ondulation haute 6 et destinée à être tournée vers la plaque 1. Si la pièce de renfort 15 est faite d'un matériau ayant un comportement thermique différent de la plaque 1, son dimensionnement doit tenir compte de cette différence pour supporter efficacement la paroi de l'ondulation à la température d'utilisation, par exemple -162°C pour le GNL.The
La paroi inférieure 17 de la pièce 15 destinée à être tournée à l'opposé de la plaque 1 présente une forme générale plane pour pouvoir prendre appui sur une surface de support, formée par exemple par la surface intérieure d'une barrière d'isolation thermique dans le cas d'une cuve pour GNL. Une rainure 18 à section rectangulaire est creusée longitudinalement dans la paroi inférieure 17 en son milieu.The
Entre les parois 16 et 17, la pièce 15 est creuse et comporte seulement de fines nervures de soutien, à savoir deux nervures obliques 19 se croisant au niveau d'un noyau 22 et s'étendant à chaque fois entre un angle de raccordement 20 des parois 16 et 17 et un point situé sensiblement à la moitié de la hauteur de la partie opposée de la paroi 16, et une courte nervure 21 reliant le noyau 22 au fond de la rainure 18.Between the
Du fait que la surface des ondulations basses 5 est plus réduite que celle des l'ondulation haute 6, les ondulations basses 5 sont plus résistantes à la pression. Toutefois, il peut aussi être utile de les renforcer à l'aide de pièces de renfort. En référence à la
En référence à la
Deux tiges 32 sont liées aux deux côtés courts 37 du corps 31 et s'étendent à partir de la face supérieure du corps 31 en formant un léger angle incliné vers l'axe du corps de manière à se rapprocher l'une de l'autre sans se rejoindre. Les tiges 32 présentent une forme biseautée en direction de leur extrémité distante du corps 31. Les extrémités des tiges 32 sont liées par une tige 33 s'étendant perpendiculairement à l'axe du corps 31 et présentant une section plus large que l'extrémité des tiges 32, par exemple sensiblement égale à la largeur des tiges 32 à leur base.Two
La tige 33 forme une tête de fixation apte à être coincée élastiquement dans la contre dépouille du pli 4 au niveau d'un croisement 3 de la plaque 1, décrite plus haut. Pour cela, la tige 33 est dimensionnée avec une section légèrement plus large que la partie la plus étroite du pli 4.The
La pièce d'ancrage 30 peut être fabriquée par moulage d'un résine plastique.The
La
Comme mieux visible sur les
Comme mieux visible sur les
De retour à la
Un bras 40 présente une section globalement rectangulaire et une direction générale légèrement inclinée par rapport au plan perpendiculaire à l'axe du corps 31, c'est-à-dire inclinée par rapport au plan moyen de la plaque 1 dans l'état attaché, cette inclinaison étant dans une direction opposée aux tiges 32. Le bras 40 se termine par un plateau de positionnement 41 sensiblement parallèle à l'axe du corps 31, ce plateau 41 prenant une position perpendiculaire à l'axe de l'ondulation haute 6 dans l'état attaché de la pièce 30, comme visible sur la
La largeur et la forme des côtés latéraux 42 du plateau 41 sont sensiblement adaptées à la section intérieure de l'ondulation haute 6, avec un léger jeu, de sorte que les côtés latéraux 42 peuvent coopérer avec la surface intérieure de l'ondulation haute 6 pour stabiliser le plateau 41 dans sa position perpendiculaire à l'axe de l'ondulation haute 6 dans l'état attaché de la pièce 30. De plus, la forme du plateau 41 s'élargissant progressivement vers le bas permet de faire glisser un ou chaque côté latéral 42 contre les congés 13 à la base de l'ondulation haute 6 lors de la mise en place de la pièce d'ancrage 30, afin de guider facilement le bras 40 vers une position sensiblement centrée à l'intérieur de l'ondulation haute 6.The width and shape of the
Une patte de retenue 44 est liée à la surface frontale 43 du plateau 41, à une position centrée latéralement par rapport au plateau 41 et adjacente au bord inférieur 45 du plateau 41, c'est-à-dire au droit du point de raccordement du bras 40 avec le plateau 41. La patte 44 s'étend perpendiculairement à l'axe du corps 31, c'est-à-dire parallèlement à l'axe de l'ondulation haute 6 dans l'état attaché de la pièce d'ancrage 30. La patte 44 présente une section globalement rectangulaire de largeur légèrement inférieure à la rainure 18 pour pouvoir glisser dedans, hormis au niveau d'un épaississement formant un ergot cylindrique 46.A retaining
Comme visible sur la
Pour retenir une pièce de renfort 15 dans un segment 14 d'une ondulation haute 6 entre deux croisements 3, on procède donc de la manière suivante: on installe une première pièce d'ancrage 30 à un premier croisement. Puis on installe une pièce de renfort 15 entre ce croisement et le deuxième croisement, en engageant la portion de patte 48 de la première pièce d'ancrage dans une extrémité de la rainure 18. Puis on installe une deuxième pièce d'ancrage 130 au deuxième croisement en engageant la portion de patte 48 de la deuxième pièce d'ancrage dans l'autre extrémité de la rainure 18. Au final, deux pièces d'ancrage identiques 30 et 130 sont attachées respectivement dans les deux croisements 3, de sorte que chacune présente un bras 40 qui s'étend dans une portion d'extrémité respective du segment 14, dans des sens opposés. La pièce de renfort 15 de longueur inférieure ou égale à la distance séparant les deux ergots 46 des deux bras 40 se faisant face est donc retenue dans le segment 14 dans la position montrée sur la
En référence à la
Dans le mode de fixation, la pièce de renfort 15 est fermement retenue à la plaque 1 par le seul effet de la pièce d'ancrage 30. Comme visible sur la
La description donnée ci-dessus en référence à un bras 40 de la pièce d'ancrage 30 vaut identiquement pour l'autre bras 40 qui s'étend dans le sens opposé. Elle vaut aussi pour les bras 140 qui remplissent les mêmes fonctions que les bras 40, à la différence près que les bras 140 concernent les ondulations basses 5 et les pièces de renfort 115. Sur les figures, les éléments des bras 140 portent donc les mêmes chiffres de référence que les éléments des bras 40 augmentés de 100 et ils ne seront pas décrits à nouveau.The description given above with reference to an
On voit donc qu'une pièce d'ancrage 30 peut coopérer avec deux pièces de renfort 15 et deux pièces de renfort 115 pour retenir, seule ou à l'aide d'autres pièces d'ancrage voisine, les quatre pièces de renfort dans les quatre segments d'ondulation se rencontrant au niveau du croisement 3 où la pièce d'ancrage 30 est attachée. Pour une plaque 1 présentant des ondulations hautes 6 identiques les unes aux autres et régulièrement espacées et des ondulations basses 5 identiques les unes aux autres et régulièrement espacées, il est donc possible d'équiper tous les segments d'ondulations de la plaque 1 avec des pièces de renfort contre la pression à l'aide de seulement trois lots de pièces, à savoir des pièces d'ancrage 30 mutuellement identiques, des pièces de renfort 15 mutuellement identiques, présentant une longueur adaptée à la distance entre deux ondulation basses 5, et des pièces de renfort 15 mutuellement identiques, présentant une longueur adaptée à la distance entre deux ondulation hautes 6.It can therefore be seen that an
En référence à la
Bien sûr, il est aussi possible d'équiper seulement une partie des ondulations ou une partie des segments d'ondulation de la plaque 1.Of course, it is also possible to equip only a portion of the corrugations or a portion of the corrugation segments of the
Dans l'état représenté à la
Les trois lots de pièces utilisés dans cette méthode peuvent être fournis sous la forme d'un dispositif de renforcement en kit pour des plaques métalliques du type de la plaque 1. Le montage d'un tel dispositif de renforcement sur la plaque 1 peut être réalisé à la main de manière rapide et aisée en exerçant des efforts manuels relativement modérés. Un tel kit de renforcement est donc également adapté à une plaque métallique ondulée présentant des dimensions et des nombres d'ondulations différents de ceux représentés sur la
Par ailleurs, si des ondulations de la plaque métallique ondulée à équiper sont distribuées de manière irrégulière, la réalisation de plusieurs lots de pièces de renfort 15 ou 115 présentant des longueurs différentes est aisée, étant donné que celles-ci peuvent être découpées dans un profilé de grande longueur.Furthermore, if corrugations of the corrugated metal plate to be equipped are unevenly distributed, the production of several batches of reinforcing
La plaque 1 ainsi équipée de pièces de renfort 15 et/ou 115 retenues par des pièces d'ancrage 30 peut être utilisée comme une structure de paroi modulaire pour fabriquer une membrane d'étanchéité résistante à la pression en assemblant plusieurs de ces structures. L'interface entre deux de ces structures peut être réalisée conformément à la
La
Pour mettre en place les plaques 54 et 55, on peut procéder de la manière suivante. La plaque 54 déjà équipée du dispositif de renforcement est d'abord posée sur la surface de support 60 sur laquelle la membrane d'étanchéité doit être montée. Par exemple, la surface de support 60 peut être constituée du plateau supérieur d'une barrière d'isolation thermique connue par ailleurs. La plaque 54 porte la pièce de renfort 15 fixée à la pièce d'ancrage 30 de manière à dépasser du bord 52 de la plaque 54 d'une certaine distance.To set up the
La deuxième plaque 55 déjà équipée du dispositif de renforcement est ensuite amenée au-dessus de la surface de support 60 à côté de la plaque 54 dans un état parallèle à la plaque 54, de sorte que le bord 52 de la plaque 55 devant finalement chevaucher la plaque 54 se trouve en hauteur. Dans le segment d'ondulation 57 situé près du bord 52 de la plaque 55, l'ondulation haute 6 de la plaque 55 ne comporte pas de pièce de renfort. Lorsqu'on dépose la plaque 55 dans le sens de la flèche 59, une portion marginale de la plaque 55 vient chevaucher une portion marginale 56 de la plaque 54 le long du bord 52, tandis que le segment d'ondulation 57 de la plaque 55 s'engage sur la pièce de renfort 15 et que l'extrémité de la patte 44 de la pièce d'ancrage 30 attachée à la plaque 55 se positionne en face de la surface d'extrémité longitudinale 49 de la pièce de renfort 15 sans interférer avec celle-ci du fait de l'existence d'un jeu d'insertion 58.The
Ce jeu d'insertion 58 peut exister sans qu'il ne soit nécessaire de réaliser la pièce de renfort 15 à une dimension différente des autres pièces de renfort utilisées à l'intérieur des plaques 54 et 55. Si les plaques 54 et 55 sont dimensionnées de manière que toutes les ondulations basses 5 soient finalement équidistantes, tant au sein de chacune des plaques 54 et 55 qu'à l'interface entre les deux plaques 54 et 55, étant tenu compte de leur chevauchement, la pièce de renfort 15 d'une longueur adaptée à cet espacement uniforme est à la fois capable d'être en appui sur deux pattes de retenue 44 dans le mode de soutien illustré sur la
. Cette propriété est due à un dimensionnement particulier des pièces, que l'on va décrire plus précisément en référence à la
- p : distance entre les centres de deux croisements successifs le long de l'ondulation haute,
- d : longueur entre le centre de la pièce d'ancrage 30 et l'extrémité d'un
bras 40 au niveau de lasurface 43 - b : longueur de la patte 44 depuis la
surface 43 - a : distance entre
la surface 43et l'ergot 46. - ℓ : longueur de la pièce de renfort 15
- p: distance between the centers of two successive crossings along the high undulation,
- d: length between the center of the anchoring
piece 30 and the end of anarm 40 at thesurface 43 - b: length of the
tab 44 from thesurface 43 - a: distance between the
surface 43 and thelug 46. - ℓ: length of the reinforcing
piece 15
Si on note Y = p-(ℓ+2d), ces cotes vérifient de préférence les relations suivantes :
Ainsi, un jeu 58 d'amplitude (Y-b) est préservé dans la position de la
Finalement, les deux plaques 54 et 55 peuvent être soudées de manière étanche au niveau de la portion marginale 56. La combinaison de plusieurs structures de paroi qui vient d'être décrite en référence à la
On peut donc réaliser une membrane d'étanchéité de grande superficie en combinant de cette manière une multitude de structures de paroi rectangulaires sur une surface de support plane. Des plaques métalliques ondulées peuvent aussi être découpées selon d'autres formes et être équipées de la même manière. La membrane d'étanchéité ainsi réalisée peut être fixée à la surface de support 60 par tout moyen adapté.It is therefore possible to produce a large-area waterproofing membrane by combining in this way a multitude of rectangular wall structures on a flat support surface. Corrugated metal plates can also be cut into other shapes and equipped in the same way. The sealing membrane thus produced can be fixed to the
Dans ce qui précède, la patte de retenue 44 fournit deux modes de coopération entre les pièces 30 et 15 : un mode de coopération de type soutien représenté à la
La technique décrite ci-dessus pour réaliser une membrane d'étanchéité peut être utilisée dans différents types de réservoirs, par exemple pour constituer la membrane d'étanchéité primaire d'un réservoir de GNL dans une installation terrestre ou dans un ouvrage flottant comme un navire méthanier ou autre.The technique described above for producing a waterproofing membrane can be used in various types of tanks, for example to form the primary waterproofing membrane of an LNG tank in a land installation or in a floating structure such as a ship LNG carrier or other.
En référence à la
De manière connue en soi, des canalisations de chargement/déchargement 73 disposées sur le pont supérieur du navire peuvent être raccordées, au moyen de connecteurs appropriées, à un terminal maritime ou portuaire pour transférer une cargaison de GNL depuis ou vers la cuve 71.In a manner known per se, loading /
La
Pour engendrer la pression nécessaire au transfert du gaz liquéfié, on met en oeuvre des pompes embarquées dans le navire 70 et/ou des pompes équipant l'installation à terre 77 et/ou des pompes équipant le poste de chargement et de déchargement 75.In order to generate the pressure necessary for the transfer of the liquefied gas, pumps on board the
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention.Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is not limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are within the scope of the invention.
L'usage du verbe « comporter », « comprendre » ou « inclure » et de ses formes conjuguées n'exclut pas la présence d'autres éléments ou d'autres étapes que ceux énoncés dans une revendication. L'usage de l'article indéfini « un » ou « une » pour un élément ou une étape n'exclut pas, sauf mention contraire, la présence d'une pluralité de tels éléments ou étapes.The use of the verb "to include", "to understand" or "to include" and its conjugated forms does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps other than those set out in a claim. The use of the indefinite article "a" or "an" for an element or a step does not exclude, unless otherwise stated, the presence of a plurality of such elements or steps.
Dans les revendications, tout signe de référence entre parenthèses ne saurait être interprété comme une limitation de la revendication.In the claims, any reference sign in parentheses can not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim.
Claims (25)
- A ready-to-mount assembly which is suitable for producing an impermeable wall structure, the assembly comprising:an impermeable metal plate (1) having a series of first parallel corrugations (5) and a series of second parallel corrugations (6), the first corrugations intersecting with the second corrugations at the level of intersections (3),the corrugations projecting from the side of the inner surface (2) of the plate; andan elongate reinforcement part (15, 115) being able to be arranged in one of said corrugations (6, 5) on the outer surface of the plate opposite the inner surface, in order to increase resistance to pressure of the plate, andan anchorage part (30) comprising :wherein the anchorage part comprises a plurality of retention units (44) which can co-operate with respective ends of a plurality of reinforcement parts, in order to retain the reinforcement parts in a plurality of corrugation segments which meet at the level of the intersection (3) where the anchorage part is attached.an attachment unit (32, 33) which can be attached to the outer surface of the impermeable metal plate (1), the attachment unit (32, 33) being able to be attached to the plate at the level of an intersection (3) between a first corrugation belonging to the series of first parallel corrugations (5) and a second corrugation belonging to the series of second parallel corrugations (6); and characterized by a retention unit (44) which can co-operate with a longitudinal end of the elongate reinforcement part (15, 115) in order to retain the reinforcement part in one of the corrugations (6, 5) which intersect at the level of said intersection,
- The assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the retention unit (44) can co-operate with the end of the reinforcement part (15, 115) in a support state in which the retention unit stops the end of the reinforcement part in a direction perpendicular to the plate.
- The assembly as claimed in one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the retention unit can co-operate with the end of the reinforcement part in a securing state in which the retention unit secures the reinforcement part (15, 115) on the anchorage part (30), such that the reinforcement part is retained on the plate solely by the effect of the anchorage part.
- The assembly as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the retention unit (44) of the anchorage part is placed at the end of an arm (40) which is connected to the attachment unit, the arm being placed such as to extend in the corrugation (6) in which the reinforcement part (15) must be retained by the retention unit, in the attached state of the anchorage part (30).
- The assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein the arm comprises a positioning unit (41) with a contour which is designed for a transverse profile of a corrugation of the plate, the positioning unit being able to co-operate with the plate at the level of the lateral walls of the corrugation (6), in order to position the arm in the corrugation, in the attached state of the anchorage part (30).
- The assembly as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the retention unit comprises a lug (44, 48) which can extend longitudinally in a corrugation of the plate, in the attached state of the anchorage part, the reinforcement part comprising a receptacle (18) which is open at the level of a longitudinal end surface of the reinforcement part, and can receive the lug of the retention unit.
- The assembly as claimed in claim 6, wherein the lug of the retention unit comprises a thickened portion (46), which can co-operate with the longitudinal end surface (49) of the reinforcement part, in order to stop the reinforcement part (15) longitudinally relative to the lug (44).
- The assembly as claimed in claim 7, wherein the thickened portion (46) of the lug can be forced into the receptacle (18) of the reinforcement part, in order to secure the reinforcement part (15) firmly on the anchorage part (30), by resilient deformation of the thickened portion and/or of the receptacle of the reinforcement part.
- The assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein the anchorage part comprises a stop unit (43) which can co-operate with the longitudinal end surface (49) of the reinforcement part, in order to limit the engagement of the lug (44) in the receptacle, beyond the thickened portion (46).
- The assembly as claimed in one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the receptacle of the reinforcement part comprises a longitudinal groove (18) hollowed in an outer surface (17) of the reinforcement part which is designed to face opposite the plate.
- The assembly as claimed in one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the attachment unit comprises a head (33) which can be attached to the outer surface of the plate (1) by resilient clearance of an undercut (4) of the plate, at the level of the intersection (3) of the corrugations.
- The assembly as claimed in claim 11, wherein the anchorage part comprises a body (31) to which there is connected the or each retention unit (44) and a rod (32) which connects the head to the body whilst providing an empty space (39) between them.
- The assembly as claimed in claim 12, wherein the rod (32) has a beveled form which narrows from the body (31) towards the head (33) of the anchorage part.
- The assembly as claimed in one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the assembly additionally comprises a second anchorage part (130) comprising an attachment unit (32, 33) which can be attached to the outer surface of the plate at the level of a second intersection (3) of the corrugation in which the reinforcement part (15) must be retained, and a retention unit (44) which can co-operate with a second longitudinal end of the reinforcement part, in order to retain the reinforcement part in the corrugation, the reinforcement part having a length which is designed for the distance between the retention units (44) of the two anchorage parts (30, 130) in the state of attachment to the plate, such that the reinforcement part is retained on the plate, between the two anchorage parts, by co-operation with the two retention units.
- The assembly as claimed in one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the reinforcement part (15, 115) is constituted by a profiled body with a constant cross section.
- A process for production of an impermeable wall structure comprising:supplying an impermeable metal plate (1) with a series of first parallel corrugations (5) and a series of second parallel corrugations (6), the first corrugations intersecting with the second corrugations at the level of intersections (3), the corrugations projecting from the side of an inner surface of the plate;arranging a plurality of elongate reinforcement parts (15) in a plurality of corrugation segments adjacent to the intersection on the outer surface of the plate, and characterized byarranging an anchorage part (30) comprising an attachment unit (32, 33) and a plurality of retention units (44), such as to attach the attachment unit to the outer surface of the plate opposite the inner surface at the level of one of the intersections;retaining each of said reinforcement parts in one of the respective corrugation segments by making co-operate a longitudinal end of the reinforcement part with one of the respective retention units (44) of the anchorage part.
- The process as claimed in claim 16, additionally comprising:arranging a second anchorage part (130) comprising an attachment unit and a plurality of retention units, such as to attach the attachment unit to the outer surface of the plate at the level of a second intersection (3) in the vicinity of the first intersection where the first anchorage part (30) is attached;wherein one of the reinforcement parts is arranged in the corrugation segment (14) which extends between the two intersections and is retained on the plate (1), between the two anchorage parts, by co-operation of the two longitudinal ends of the reinforcement part (15) with the two retention units (44) belonging respectively to the two anchorage parts (30, 130).
- The process as claimed in claim 16, additionally comprising:securing the end of one of the reinforcement parts (15) on the retention unit (44), such that the reinforcement part is retained on the plate solely by the effect of the anchorage part (30).
- The process as claimed in claim 18, wherein the reinforcement part (15) is arranged in a corrugation segment (51) which extends between the intersection (3) where the anchorage part is attached, and an edge of the plate (52), and extends from the edge of the plate in order to be able to be engaged in a corrugation of an adjacent plate (55).
- The process as claimed in claim 16, additionally comprising:attaching anchorage parts (30) comprising in each case an attachment unit and four units for retention on the outer surface of the plate, at the level of all the intersections (3) of the plate (1); andarranging reinforcement parts (15, 115) in all the corrugation segments which extend in each case between two intersections, by making in each case two longitudinal ends of the reinforcement part co-operate with two retention units (44) of the two anchorage parts which are attached at the level of the two intersections (3), such as to retain the reinforcement parts on the plate.
- The process as claimed in claim 20, additionally comprising:arranging reinforcement parts (15, 115) in all the corrugation segments which extend between an edge of the plate (52) and intersections adjacent (3) to said edge of the plate; andsecuring in each case the end of the reinforcement part on a retention unit (44) of the anchorage part attached at the level of the corresponding intersection, such that the reinforcement part is retained on the plate solely by the effect of the anchorage part extending from the edge of the plate (52).
- An impermeable insulating vessel (71) arranged in a support structure, the vessel comprising a thermal insulation barrier and an impermeable barrier which is designed to be in contact with a product contained in the vessel, the impermeable barrier comprising a ready-to-mount assembly as claimed in one of claims 1 to 15, in a mounted state.
- A ship (70) for the transport of a cold liquid product, the ship comprising a double hull (72) and a vessel (71) as claimed in claim 22, arranged in the double hull.
- The use of a ship (70) as claimed in claim 23 for loading or unloading of a cold liquid product, wherein a cold liquid product is conveyed through insulated piping (73, 79, 76, 81) from or to a floating or land storage installation (77), to or from the vessel of the ship (71).
- A transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising a ship (70) as claimed in claim 23, insulated piping (73, 79, 76, 81) which is placed such as to connect the vessel (71) installed in the hull of the ship to a floating or land storage installation (77), and a pump to convey a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated piping from or to the floating or land storage installation, to or from the vessel of the ship.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1056555A FR2963818B1 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2010-08-11 | SEALED WALL STRUCTURE |
PCT/FR2011/051879 WO2012020194A1 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2011-08-05 | Impervious wall structure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2603729A1 EP2603729A1 (en) | 2013-06-19 |
EP2603729B1 true EP2603729B1 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
Family
ID=43708916
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11757385.7A Active EP2603729B1 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2011-08-05 | Impervious wall structure |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2603729B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5746346B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101831440B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103097797B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2011288339B2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2963818B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2563563C2 (en) |
SG (1) | SG187813A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012020194A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3077277A1 (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2019-08-02 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | WATERPROOFING WALL WITH REINFORCED CORRUGATED MEMBRANE |
Families Citing this family (13)
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CN101959752B (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2014-03-26 | 三星重工业株式会社 | Reinforcement member for membrane of liquefied natural gas cargo, membrane assembly having same, and construction method for same |
KR101349881B1 (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2014-01-16 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Device for fixing the primary barrier reinforcement member of lng storage tank |
FR3004507B1 (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2019-04-26 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | DECOUPLING THE ONDULATIONS OF A SEALED BARRIER |
US9598851B2 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2017-03-21 | Ilc Cover Lp | Portable flexible sealing device for grated openings |
FR3039248B1 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-08-18 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | WATERPROOF AND THERMALLY INSULATING TANK WITH A REINFORCING PIECE |
FR3070745B1 (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-09-06 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | SEALED AND THERMALLY INSULATING TANK WITH ANTI-CONVICTIVE FILLING ELEMENT |
FR3074253B1 (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-11-01 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | SEALED AND THERMALLY INSULATED TANK |
FR3083789B1 (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2020-07-10 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | TANK WALL COMPRISING A SEALING MEMBRANE HAVING A CORRUGATION HAVING A REINFORCED CURVILINE PORTION |
FR3084347B1 (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-10-30 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | WATERPROOF WALL WITH REINFORCED CORRUGATED MEMBRANE |
FR3087871B1 (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2022-09-09 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | SECURING CONNECTION PARTS ON THE EDGE OF A PLATE CONSTITUTIVE OF A SEALED TANK WITH CORRUGATED MEMBRANES |
FR3094338B1 (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2021-09-10 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Device for maintaining wave reinforcements when installing a tank wall. |
CN112124523B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2022-10-14 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Installation method for film reinforcing wedge of Mark3 type liquid cargo tank |
CN116498885B (en) * | 2023-06-29 | 2023-09-12 | 中太海事技术(上海)有限公司 | Corrugated plate and storage container with smooth top surface and draw beads |
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GB115744A (en) * | 1917-07-28 | 1918-05-23 | Francis Henry Griffiths | Improved Manufacture of Headed Bolt, Rivet, or the like. |
US4050608A (en) * | 1975-11-03 | 1977-09-27 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Cross-shaped joint cover member for generally rectangular composite insulating panels forming wall portion of insulated cryogenic liquid container |
US5115936A (en) * | 1991-01-23 | 1992-05-26 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Double wall underground storage tank |
MY126946A (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2006-11-30 | Qpod Systems Ltd | Container |
CN101959752B (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2014-03-26 | 三星重工业株式会社 | Reinforcement member for membrane of liquefied natural gas cargo, membrane assembly having same, and construction method for same |
FR2936784B1 (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2010-10-08 | Gaztransp Et Technigaz | REINFORCED CORRUGATED MEMBRANE TANK |
RU96563U1 (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2010-08-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский и проектно-конструкторский институт информатизации, автоматизации и связи на железнодорожном транспорте" (ОАО "НИИАС") | LIQUID CARGO TRANSPORTATION DEVICE IN A CONTAINER |
-
2010
- 2010-08-11 FR FR1056555A patent/FR2963818B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-08-05 CN CN201180039428.1A patent/CN103097797B/en active Active
- 2011-08-05 KR KR1020137006096A patent/KR101831440B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2011-08-05 AU AU2011288339A patent/AU2011288339B2/en active Active
- 2011-08-05 EP EP11757385.7A patent/EP2603729B1/en active Active
- 2011-08-05 JP JP2013523654A patent/JP5746346B2/en active Active
- 2011-08-05 WO PCT/FR2011/051879 patent/WO2012020194A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-08-05 SG SG2013010350A patent/SG187813A1/en unknown
- 2011-08-05 RU RU2013106934/06A patent/RU2563563C2/en active
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3077277A1 (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2019-08-02 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | WATERPROOFING WALL WITH REINFORCED CORRUGATED MEMBRANE |
WO2019150054A1 (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2019-08-08 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Sealed wall with reinforced corrugated membrane |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2963818A1 (en) | 2012-02-17 |
EP2603729A1 (en) | 2013-06-19 |
WO2012020194A1 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
AU2011288339A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
KR101831440B1 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
RU2563563C2 (en) | 2015-09-20 |
CN103097797A (en) | 2013-05-08 |
AU2011288339B2 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
KR20130099039A (en) | 2013-09-05 |
CN103097797B (en) | 2015-05-13 |
SG187813A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
JP5746346B2 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
RU2013106934A (en) | 2014-08-27 |
FR2963818B1 (en) | 2014-01-03 |
JP2013534197A (en) | 2013-09-02 |
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