RU2555399C2 - Header-adapter for grain harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: header-adapter comprises the radial beams rotating on the shafts that form a parallelogram mechanism. At the end of the drive beam the comb fingers are pivotally mounted, which are rigidly connected to the crank which is pivotally connected to the leash mounted pivotally on the other radial beam at a distance equal to the leash length, starting from the free end, and equal to √2 times smaller than the length of the crank, the length of which is equal to the smaller side of the parallelogram. The direction of rotation of the finger combs is opposite to the direction of the machine motion. On the crank the rest is mounted, which enables the crank from the position, when the crank and the leash lie on one line, to rotate in the same direction with radial beams. The cutting elements are made by branching and symmetric relating to the inter-finger space curve forming the working slits when connection of its left and right branches with the curves passing out of the bases of adjacent comb fingers.

EFFECT: constructive solution enables the finger comb in one revolution of radial beams to enter vertically in stand; to comb and cut the stalks at their bases without damage and losses; to throw the spikes to the tailings screw; to be installed in the operating position.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for separate harvesting of the ear and stem parts of plants.

A device [1] is known, which is a drum on which finger combs are installed in rows with a mechanism for cutting ears, including movable knives with driven elastic elements and a wedge retainer. The disadvantages of this device are: large grain losses due to the impossibility of simultaneous cutting at the base of the ears of tall and low plants; a complex and ineffective mechanism for cutting ears; the absence of a mechanism for cutting the stem part of plants and devices for lifting dying bread mass.

These shortcomings are due to the fact that the spike cut occurs as a result of pinching it between the edges of the movable knives, while tall plants that have been pinched with low ones will be cut along the stem from the base of the spike at different lengths, which will lead them to fall from a rotating drum into the field or if they get into the threshing device, they will significantly worsen the process of threshing and separation of grain. This device also does not provide for the lifting of laid bread mass and harvesting the stem part of plants.

The closest set of features to the proposed header adapter is a machine for harvesting crops [2] (prototype).

The machine contains the upper and lower cutting apparatus, a device for supplying plants to the upper apparatus, the spike upper and stem lower conveyors, and curvilinear dividers attached to the frame.

The disadvantages of this machine are: the destruction of the integrity of the spike; grain loss; complex metal and energy-intensive construction; ineffective ear cut.

These drawbacks are due to the fact that when the ears are in contact with the strips of the feed reel, simultaneously cutting off the stems of different heights with ears, partial destruction of the ears, shedding of grain on the field.

The cut takes place with a segmented-finger type cutting apparatus when the reel is supplied with stalk stalks, while ears of different heights can be brought in simultaneously and, therefore, they will be cut at different heights. As a result, ears thinned at the base and ears with stems will be fed into the threshing apparatus, which complicates the threshing and separation process, and increases the microdamage of grains.

The installed upper cutting apparatus at a fixed height together with the feed reel does not allow sufficiently cutting the spike directly at its base.

The cantilever (rigid) connection of the divisors-window lifters with the frame does not allow to lift dead bread in the fields with uneven terrain.

The presence in the machine of two cutting devices of segment-finger type significantly complicates the design and increases its metal and energy consumption.

The claimed invention is aimed at providing an effective cut of the spike directly at its base, maintaining the integrity of the spike, eliminating crushing and microdamage of seeds, reducing grain losses, simplifying the design, reducing its metal and energy consumption.

The task is achieved by a set of essential features of the proposed header adapter, comprising: upper and lower cutting apparatuses, plant supply devices for the upper cutting apparatus, spike upper and stem lower augers (conveyors) and curved dividers attached to the frame — stem lifters.

Salient features distinguishing from the prototype

The cutting elements of the ears located at the base of the finger combs are pivotally mounted on radial rays rotating on the shafts, while the direction of the working stroke of the finger combs is opposite to the direction of movement of the machine.

The installation of cutting elements on radial rays rotating on the shafts, instead of the known cutting apparatus, allows you to combine the operation of supplying stems and cutting only the ear (productive) part, which reduces grain loss due to shedding on the field, reduces energy, material, and metal consumption.

When the direction of the working stroke of the finger combs is opposite to the movement of the machine, a lower speed of the action of the finger combs and cutting elements on the spike is required, as a result of which there is no "spraying of grain" as, for example, when the ears are combed to the roots by adapters.

The execution of the cutting elements along a branching curve that is symmetrical with respect to the interdigital space forms working slots when its left and right branches are paired with curves extending from the bases of adjacent fingers.

The fingers of the comb orient the stalks of the ears into the interdigital space, “build” the ears in the working slots, formed by a branching curve that is symmetrical with respect to the interdigital space and conjugated by its left and right branches with curves emerging from the bases of adjacent fingers, where the ear is cut directly at its base .

A curve branching and symmetrical with respect to the interdigital space cuts the ear stream in half.

The curves emerging from the bases of adjacent fingers and conjugated with the left and right branches forming working slots measure the stalks of the ears in the working slots in a dosed manner, where, as the strings are stretched, the ears are cut directly at their base.

The mechanism of orientation of finger combs, including a pivotally mounted crank whose length is equal to the length of the smaller side of the parallelogram mechanism, a leash, which is √2 times shorter than the length of the crank, pivotally mounted on the second radial beam at a distance from the free end of the beam equal to the length of the leash, and pivotally connected to the crank of the finger comb.

Such a mutual arrangement of the links and the ratio of their lengths allow the spike comb, which is rigidly connected to the crank, to enter the grain stand vertically. Then take a horizontal or close position to it, in which each stalk of the spike is tensioned and the cut is directly at its base, then the comb rotates 90 °, at which the cut ears are dumped to the spike auger.

Installing the stop on the crank allows the crank to rotate in the same direction as the radial beam, when the stop contacts the leash, from the position where the crank and leash lie on one straight line (the position when the finger comb goes vertically into the bread stand).

The angle of rotation of the radial beam φ, the angle of rotation of the crank ψ, the angle of inclination of the finger comb γ are related by the relations:

This ratio allows the finger comb: to occupy a vertical position at the entrance to the bread stand; horizontal position or close to it when cutting ears, when pulling each stem and cutting ears directly at the base; rotate 90 °, corresponding to the position of the discharge of cut ears to the spike auger and installation in the working position (vertical entrance to the grain stand).

The back side of the finger comb is made in the form of a gutter. The cut ears from the cutting elements of the finger combs, as well as the seeds released by shedding, are caught by the trough, carried out from the stalk area and dumped without loss to the ear screw.

In fig. 1 shows a structural diagram of the proposed header adapter. In fig. 2 shows a finger comb with cutting elements (top view). In fig. 3 shows a diagram of a finger comb with a crank and an emphasis (side view).

Information confirming the ability to implement a header adapter.

The header adapter (Fig. 1) contains: radial rays 1, 2 mounted on shafts with an eccentricity equal to the length of link 3, forming a parallelogram mechanism; at the end of beam 1, a crank 4 is pivotally mounted, the length of which is equal to the length of the smaller side 3 of the parallelogram; leash 5, the length of which is √2 times less than the length of the crank, pivotally mounted on the second radial beam 2 at a distance from the free end of the beam equal to the length of the leash and pivotally connected to the crank; finger comb 6, rigidly connected to the crank, at the interdigital space of which, cutting elements of ears 7 are installed (Fig. 2). An emphasis 8 is installed on the crank (Fig. 3), which will allow the crank from the position (the finger comb enters the bread stand), in which the crank and the leash lie on one straight line, rotate in the same direction with the radial beam 1, the chute 9 connected to the back finger comb; a stalk lifter 10 pivotally mounted on the frame 11 and resting on a support 12 in the field; spike auger 13; the mechanism for cutting stems 14 and stem auger 15.

The proposed header adapter works as follows.

The header adapter is mounted on a self-propelled or trailed combine. When the combine is moving, the radial rays 1, 2 and link 3, forming a parallelogram mechanism, by means of the crank 4 and the leash 5, while rotating, orient the finger comb 6 so that at first it enters vertically into the bread-stand (the position when the crank 4 and leash 5 lie on one straight line), and, interacting with the stop 8, the leash 5 forces the crank 4 to rotate in the same direction with the radial rays 1, 2. Next, the finger comb 6 combes the ears and they fall into the interdigital space into the working slots to the cutting elements 7, middle spikes at the bottom occurs directly in the tensile moment of each stem, the stem length smaller ears cut off earlier. At this moment, the finger comb 6 is located horizontally or close to the horizon.

The cut ears are collected in a trough 9, which is connected to the back of the finger comb 6. The dead stalks of the ears by means of a stem lifter 10, pivotally mounted on the frame 11 and resting on the support 12 on the field, are lifted and captured by the finger comb 6.

Subsequently, the finger combs are guided by means of a crank 4, a leash 5, with a greater angular speed they rotate in the opposite direction to the radial rays 1, 2, while the cut ears are discharged from the groove 9, the discarded ears fall into the ear screw 13, which subsequently feeds them into threshing device. After dropping the ears, the finger combs 6 with the orientation mechanism - links 4, 5, 1, 2, are installed in the position of entry of the finger combs into the bread stand. Thus, in one revolution of the radial rays, the comb participates in four phases: entering the bread stand (vertical position); cut of ears (horizontal position or close to it); discharge of ears (the comb is located vertically: crank 4 and leash 5 are folded and lie on one straight line); installation in working position.

The stalks without ears are cut by the mechanism of the 14 segment-finger type, if necessary for this technological process, and are collected by the stem screw 15.

Information sources

1. A.S. 1544259 USSR, MKI A01D 47/00. A device for harvesting agricultural plants / Butenko L.I., Skomoroshenko N.V. Stated 02/29/1988

2. A.S. 1355161 USSR, MKI A01D 47/00. Machine for cleaning crops / Ogryzkov E.P., Kodyakov I.D. Stated April 28, 1986

Claims (6)

1. Header adapter, including upper and lower cutting devices, a device for supplying plants to the upper cutting device, spike upper and rod lower conveyors, which are augers, and dividers attached to the frame - stem lifters, while plants supplying devices to the upper cutting device represents a parallelogram mechanism, including a link and two radial rotating beams, one of which is installed with an eccentricity with respect to the other, cutting elements are located at the base of the fingers the comb, mounted on one of the radial rays, while the direction of the stroke of the finger comb is opposite to the direction of movement of the machine. 2. The header adapter according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades of the cutting elements are made according to a curve branching and symmetrical with respect to the interdigital space, forming working slots when pairing its left and right branches with curves emerging from the bases of adjacent fingers. 3. The header adapter according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an orientation mechanism for the finger combs, including a crank whose length is equal to the length of the smaller side of the parallelogram mechanism, a leash, which is √2 times shorter than the length of the crank, pivotally mounted on the second radial beam at a distance from the free end of the beam, equal to the length of the leash, and pivotally connected to the crank of the finger combs. 4. The header adapter according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of rotation of the radial beam φ, the angle of rotation of the crank ψ, the angle of inclination of the finger comb γ are related by the relations:

5. The header adapter according to claim 1, characterized in that a stop is mounted on the crank, which, in the position when the crank and the leash are on the same straight line, allows the crank to rotate in the same direction as the radial beam when the comb enters the bread stand. 6. The header adapter according to claim 1, characterized in that the back of the finger comb is made in the form of a gutter.

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