RU2540349C1 - Method of production of organic fertiliser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of production of organic fertiliser comprises application to the compost-containing substrate of earthworm Eisenia foetida. This substrate is prepared by mixing the poultry manure waste bedding straw in a ratio of 2:1 by volume, followed by embedding the resulting mixture into garden soil in equal proportions, followed by artificial humidification to a moisture content of the substrate of 70%.

EFFECT: increased intensity of process of organic poultry waste processing.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the processing of organic poultry waste to produce valuable organic fertilizer.

A known method of producing organic fertilizer (RF patent No. 2216527, IPC C05F 11/08, IPC C12N 1/20, IPC C12N 1/20, IPC C12R 1:38, IPC C12R 1: 385, IPC C12R 1:74), which consists in the biological treatment of oil sludge by microorganism-destructors: Candida tropicalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas desmolyticum in a ratio of 4: 5: 1, decanting, adding boric acid in an amount of 2.8-4.9% per treated mass, drying, extruding and drying granules .

The disadvantages of this method are technological complexity, a narrow range of temperatures and humidity, in which the active life of these microorganisms-destructors is possible.

A known method of producing organic fertilizer (RF patent No. 2216528, IPC C05F 15/00), which consists in processing a humus-containing substance with an alkaline reagent, isolation of a solid fraction and a complex of humic acids, from which fractions of humic acids and fulvic acids are isolated, dissolution of a low molecular weight fraction of humic acids in alkaline a solution of calcium hydroxide to obtain an alkaline solution of calcium humate, in which the ionic sorbent is dissolved to obtain a suspension, which is mixed with wastewater containing organic components and water.

The disadvantages of this method are the technological complexity, as well as the increased acidity of the prepared fertilizer, which can only be effectively applied on highly alkaline soils.

A known method of preparing fertilizer from organic waste of animal husbandry, poultry and plant growing (RF patent No. 2371425 IPC C05F 3/00), which consists in separating the biomass into fractions by separation, its disinfection with simultaneous detoxification of the liquid fraction in the electrolyzer with insoluble electrodes, and the solid fraction by processing the ozone-air mixture and ultraviolet radiation.

The disadvantages of this method are the technological complexity, energy intensity of the detoxification operation of the liquid fraction and a sharp change in the ratio of humic and fulvic acids in the direction of fulvic acids, which leads to a decrease in fertility.

A known method for the production of vermicompost (RF patent No. 2274628, IPC C05F 3/00), which consists in pre-mixing and biothermal composting of the substrate, including organic cultivators, populating the moistened compost with red California worms of the species Eisenia foetida for processing compost and separating the worms from moistened to 60 65% of vermicompost.

The disadvantage of this method is the inefficiency of using a red California worm of the species Eisenia foetida in the cold season of the temperate climate zone.

A known method of preparing fertilizers from organic waste (RF patent No. 2235706, IPC C05F 3/00), which consists in the separation of organic waste into liquid and solid fractions, air supply to the mass of organic waste and fermentation.

The disadvantages of this method are the inefficiency of use in the cold season, when the liquid fraction can freeze, as well as the development of fungal microflora, which can subsequently spread to cultivated plants.

There is a method of processing poultry manure and pig manure into organic fertilizer, adopted as a prototype (RF patent No. 2409537, IPC C05F 3/00), which consists in mixing poultry manure from the cage of poultry, poultry manure with bedding from poultry flooring, an additive for improving the quality of organic fertilizers with subsequent natural composting, the additional use of pig manure and the microbiological preparation Baikal-EM1.

The disadvantages of this method are the impossibility of natural mixing of chicken manure and pig manure, and accordingly the need to attract additional funds for mixing artificially, as well as a narrow range of temperatures and humidity of the substrate, at which the effective use of the drug "Baikal-EM1".

The technical result of the invention is to increase the intensity of the waste processing process.

The technical result is achieved in that the method of producing organic fertilizer consists in introducing the earthworm Eisenia foetida into a compost-containing substrate, characterized in that this substrate is obtained by mixing chicken droppings with spent bedding straw in a ratio of 2: 1 by volume, followed by including the resulting mixture in a garden land in equal proportions, followed by artificial wetting to a substrate moisture content of 70%.

Chicken droppings are a complex capillary-porous material, the intercellular space of which is filled with water with a low sucrose content. In fresh manure - chicken droppings, the solids content varies from 8 to 15%, the pH is strongly biased to the acid side. Chicken manure has the highest nitrogen content of all the main types of poultry waste.

Chicken manure is mixed with spent bedding straw, which is also a waste of poultry farming, in a ratio of 2: 1 by volume to partially neutralize the medium until an acidity of pH 7.8-8 is obtained, which is acceptable for the effective life of earthworms. The application of garden soil in equal proportions to the volume of the mixture additionally deoxidizes the substrate and creates conditions for the density and porosity of the substrate, typical of a worm. To increase the processing speed of the substrate with an earthworm, it is moistened to a moisture level of 70%. If the moisture content of the substrate is less than 70%, then the quality of the compost-containing substrate is reduced, if more, then the air mode of life of the compost earthworm worsens.

The method is as follows:

1. Preparation of the initial compost-containing substrate. To do this, chicken droppings are mixed with spent bedding straw in a ratio of 2: 1 by volume to obtain an acceptable pH.

2. Mixing garden soil in equal proportions to the resulting mixture.

3. Artificial wetting of the substrate to a moisture level of 70%.

As a filler for comparison, we also used chopped broken shells and sawdust. Next, earthworms Eisenia foetida are introduced into the compost-containing substrate according to the standards of 10-12 pcs. per 1 liter of mixture (Tereshchenko P.V. Vermiculture and vermicompost. Pushchino, 2000, pp. 16-17). The resulting organic fertilizer is dried, sieved and used for growing ornamental and agricultural plants.

The resulting organic fertilizer was investigated for organic matter in various substrates after vermicultivation.

As shown by the results of vermicultivation (table 1), in the experimental substrates (No. 2-5) an increase in organic matter compared with the control. The ratio of humic acids (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) is at an optimal level.

The resulting organic fertilizer was tested on Sheldow lawn grass, which was grown for 50 days.

From table 2 it is seen that the substrate No. 3 has the optimal ratio of components to obtain the highest bio-productivity, i.e. the optimal composition will be possessed by a mixture consisting of garden soil, chicken manure and bedding straw in predetermined proportions.

Compared with known solutions, the proposed method allows to increase the intensity of the process of processing organic waste and reduce the cost of the production of organic fertilizers.

Table 1 No. The composition of the mixture (ratio of components,%) Organic matter% dry soil GK: FC Total carbon GK FC one Garden land (control) 3.70 2.72 0.67 4.06 2 Garden land + chicken droppings (50 + 50) 4.88 2,51 0.74 3.39 3 Garden land + chicken droppings + bedding straw (50 + 33.3 + 16.7) 4.73 2.45 0.77 3.18 four Garden land + chicken droppings + shell (50 + 33.3 + 16.7) 4.62 2,53 0.71 3.56 5 Garden land + chicken droppings + sawdust (50 + 33.3 + 16.7) 5.43 2.49 0.72 3.46

table 2 No. The composition of the mixture (ratio of components,%) The germination of the herbal mixture,% Maximum height of sprouts, cm one Garden land (control) 75 7 2 Garden land + chicken droppings (50 + 50) 80 10 3 Garden land + chicken droppings + bedding straw (50 + 33.3 + 16.7) 95 17 four Garden land + chicken droppings + shell (50 + 33.3 + 16.7) 90 fifteen 5 Garden land + chicken droppings + sawdust (50 + 33.3 + 16.7) 90 12

Claims (1)

A method of producing organic fertilizer, including the addition of Eisenia foetida earthworm to a compost-containing substrate, characterized in that the substrate is obtained by mixing chicken droppings with spent bedding straw in a ratio of 2: 1 by volume, followed by the inclusion of the resulting mixture in garden soil in equal proportions, followed by artificial moisturizing to a substrate moisture of 70%.