JP7021430B2 - How to produce ripe fertilizer with high humic acid content - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a ripe fertilizer having a high humic acid content using poultry manure and organic waste acid.

Soil fertilization is important for promoting the growth of crops. First, the soil contains sufficient nutrient elements such as Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Si, and Zn in addition to nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium. Is being carried out.
Furthermore, it is also important to increase fertilizer retention as one of soil productivity improvement and fertility, which enhances the fertilizer effect on cultivated crops and greatly promotes crop growth.
Conventionally, as one of the methods to increase the fertilizing power, humic acid (humic acid) extracted by acid or alkali treatment of sediments deposited over tens of millions to hundreds of millions of years, such as sub-coal and peat before coalification. Attempts have been made to add acid) and the like to the soil.

Humic acid, also called humic acid, is the core of soil organic matter.
In addition to promoting the growth of crops and activating roots, it plays a major role in the overall health of the soil, such as physical improvement of the soil itself, fertilization, microbial growth and diversification.
As a soil improvement material that supplements humic acid in the soil, humic acid material is designated by the government ordinance and is produced and sold.
As a method for producing a material / fertilizer having a high humic acid content from organic waste, an example in which an artificial humic acid is produced using bark compost and mineral acid (Patent Document 1), an alkaline compound and the like. An example of developing a humic acid accelerator mixed with an iron compound and using it to promote humic acid in livestock excrement (Patent Document 2), an organic carbon source and coal ash are mixed and hydrated, and thermochemically There is an example in which a humic acid soil improving material is produced by a reaction (Patent Document 3), and an example in which humic acid is obtained by a biochemical reaction by adding a microorganism to a kitchen and fermenting it (Patent Document 4).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-254836 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-151787 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-8037 U.S. Pat. No. 8778048B2

Lee Kachin (2009) Thesis http: /ir.iwate-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10140/4574/1/lixiangzhen.pdf National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (1992) Fertilizer analysis method http://www.famic.go.jp/ffis/fert/sub6#data/sub6#analyze.html Lee et al. (2009) Chemical characteristics of humic acid and fulvic acid contained in practical bovine manure compost used for field reduction Japan Soil Fertilizer Science Journal 80 (4), 335-346 Sanchez-Monedero, MA, Roig, A., Martinez-Pardo, C., Cegarra, J., & Paredes, C. (1996). A microanalysis method for determining total organic carbon in extracts of humic substances. Relationships between total organic carbon and oxidable carbon. Bioresource Technology, 57 (3), 291-295.

However, these materials are manufactured by extracting and extracting foreign mined limited resources such as lignite and peat before coalification by acid treatment, and there is a limit to procurement and they are very expensive.
In addition, although the content of humic acid in the soil is seemingly in equilibrium, various types of agriculture (for example, tillage) promote the decomposition of humic acid and reduce the soil fertility due to deterioration of soil structure and nutrient leaching.
Therefore, in order to maintain soil fertility, it is necessary to continuously replenish humic acid by applying compost. However, the content of humic acid contained in ordinary livestock manure compost is very small as 0.5 to 13.6 mg / g in carbon content (Non-Patent Document 1), and the compost spraying work requires a great deal of labor and cost. ..

However, it is necessary to purchase mineral acid in Patent Document 1, an rotogenic accelerator in Patent Document 2, and a microbial material in Patent Document 4, and in Patent Document 3, a strongly alkaline coal ash is previously neutralized with mineral acid. There is a problem that it is necessary to reconcile and the manufacturing cost is high.
Further, it is desired that the fertilizer contains a large amount of nutrients that are easily deficient in many soils such as phosphorus, potassium and calcium among various nutrients required by plants, but Patent Documents 1 to 4 There is a problem that the content of these nutrients is low in the humic acid material produced in.

By the way, Patent No. 1885108 and Europian Patent No. 98117348 are known as a mixed fermentation treatment method of chicken manure and alcohol distillation waste liquid.
However, although these methods are aimed at producing high quality ripe fertilizers, they are not necessarily intended for the accumulation of humic acid.

Therefore, it has been desired to supply a large amount of organic fertilizer containing a high concentration of humic acid.
An object of the present invention is to provide a ripe fertilizer having a high humic acid content from organic waste generated in Japan, and another object is to produce a ripe fertilizer having such characteristics with high productivity. Is to provide a method.

As a result of diligent research, the inventor of the present application has succeeded in producing a large amount of organic fertilizer containing a high concentration of humic acid from organic waste acid and poultry manure discharged from the food industry and the like. That is, the present invention is a method for producing a fully-ripened fertilizer having a high humic acid content having the following constitution.
[1] Chicken manure with a water content of 45 to 55% is intermittently sprayed and mixed with 100 parts by weight of a mixture of chicken manure with a water content of 30 to 45% and reconstituted compost . -The primary fermentation process is performed by turning back at 73 to 83 ° C for 5 to 10 days and fermenting by blower treatment while making a mixture of shochu waste liquid , and 2.5 to 3.3 parts by weight of the same shochu waste liquid is sprayed at one time. And spray a total amount of 10-30 parts by weight,
Next, the secondary fermentation treatment was performed at 58 ° C. or higher and lower than 73 ° C. for 28 to 35 days while intermittently spraying and mixing the distilled humic acid liquid having a water content of 90 to 98%, and then spraying 70 to 100 parts by weight in total. After that, it is cut back and blower-treated to be dried and aged to a water content of 25 to 35% to obtain a fully-ripened fertilizer having a humic acid content of 15 to 25%. How to make ripe fertilizer.

According to the above invention of the present application, it is possible to effectively utilize poultry feces such as chicken feces and organic waste liquid such as distilled soybean excrement to provide a fully-ripened fertilizer having a high humic acid content which has never been seen before.
Further, in the present invention, since the shochu waste liquid, which is invested in ocean dumping and detoxification treatment, is used as the main raw material, the problem of environmental pollution can be solved, and excellent ripe fertilizer can be produced at low cost.
In addition, the obtained product has a wide variety of fertilizer components, and also exhibits an action as a soil conditioner.

Schematic diagram of the process of the embodiment of the present invention Comparative graph of humic acid fraction between fertilizer produced by the technique of the present invention and other chicken manure fertilizer Comparative graph of humic acid fraction between fertilizer produced by the technique of the present invention and general compost

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
Examples of poultry droppings used in the present invention include chicken droppings, quail droppings, turkey droppings, duck droppings, goose droppings and the like. From the viewpoint of production amount and the like, chicken manure is particularly preferably used.
In addition, birds excrete feces and urine at the same time, so they contain a large amount of ammonia.
Therefore, although the calories are high, ammonia volatilizes during fermentation, and the environment temporarily exhibits strong alkalinity, which weakens the activity of the bacteria and stops fermentation.
As a result, general chicken manure compost is currently produced and sold as dried chicken manure after only the initial fermentation is advanced.
Therefore, when this compost is used in fields and the like, re-fermentation proceeds in the soil, which promotes root rot and the outbreak of pathogens and pests, and therefore chicken manure has been disliked by horticultural farmers.

Therefore, the inventor of the present application thinks that if chicken manure is neutralized and fermented and fully matured, a special fertilizer with higher nutrition than other livestock manure compost can be produced, and acidity that neutralizes the strong alkalinity when chicken manure is fermented. As an organic substance, I came up with the idea of using organic waste acid such as a strongly acidic fermented soybean liquor.
We have conducted various experiments, and as a result of further research, we have discovered that humic acid is produced in extremely high concentrations in ripe fertilizers.
Chicken manure has (1) ammonia volatilizes during fermentation and has a strong foul odor, (2) when the mixing ratio with shochu distillation waste liquid is increased, it becomes very viscous and difficult to cut back, and (3) broiler manure is fermented. In consideration of the fact that fermentation is good due to the high C / N ratio in Japan, and (4) the survival of foreign weed seeds, high-temperature fermentation (primary fermentation) is performed in the early stage, and middle and late stages (secondary). Fermentation) was decided to control fermentation at medium temperature (secondary fermentation) by intermittently spraying and mixing a certain amount of organic waste acid to prevent the chicken manure from drying out.
The organic waste acids include (1) shochu distillation waste liquid made from wheat, rice, buckwheat, etc., acidic liquor distillation waste liquid produced as a by-product during distillation of various alcoholic beverages, and (2) glutamate acid as an amino acid fermentation by-product liquid. , Distillation, fermentation by-product liquids such as branched chain amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine), (3) starch waste liquid and the like can be used.
Distilled shochu liquor, which is an acidic effluent, is anaerobically treated in the process of producing liquor, so that a large amount of oxidizing microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria are generated, resulting in a effluent showing strong acidity, which is difficult to treat alone.
In addition, starch effluent is alkaline at first because it uses a large amount of lime when refining starch, but after a few days after lime precipitates, oxidation progresses and it becomes acidic effluent.
Other organic waste liquids include juice lees and vegetable lees, and lees with a large amount of water are rancid and become acidic waste liquids.

That is, the present invention has been made by discovering that a fully-ripened fertilizer having a high humic acid content can be obtained by performing the fermentation treatment as a primary fermentation treatment and a secondary fermentation treatment under specific conditions.
"Fermentation process"
In the primary fermentation treatment, poultry manure (preferably having a water content of 30 to 45%) is sprinkled and mixed with organic waste acid such as shochu distillation waste liquid or starch waste liquid, and preferably while being cut back and blower treated. The primary fermentation treatment is carried out at 70 to 85 ° C., more preferably 73 to 83 ° C. (high temperature fermentation) for 5 to 10 days, and fermentation is preferably performed so that the water content is 48 to 58%, more preferably 43 to 53%. Ferment and evaporate the water. The primary fermentation is high temperature fermentation, which promotes the volatilization of ammonia, recovers the volatilized odor and deodorizes it, reduces the malodor of compost, kills pathogens, and destroys the seeds of foreign weeds. Do it at the same time.
In addition, since the mixture of shochu distillation waste liquid and chicken manure shows a very high viscosity, it should be stirred well with a stirrer with strong rotational force. For these reasons, it is preferable to use a rotary stirrer capable of high-rise fermentation at high temperature as the stirrer.

Next, in the secondary fermentation treatment, organic waste acid is intermittently sprayed and mixed with the finished primary fermentation treatment at 55 to 75 ° C, more preferably 58 to 73 ° C (medium temperature fermentation) of 20 to 20. It is carried out for 60 days, more preferably 28 to 35 days, and is used as a secondary fermentation treatment fertilizer having a water content of 45 to 55%.
If the high temperature is maintained too high here, the mineralization of organic matter progresses and it becomes so-called burnt compost, so fermentation is performed at medium temperature and ammonia is nitrated.
For these reasons, it is preferable to use a stirrer suitable for middle layer agitation.

"Ripe and dry"
Since it is necessary to dry the fertilizer discharged in the secondary fermenter with a moisture content of around 50% by stirring to a moisture content (around 30%) where it is easy to spray, a rotary type (or screw type) stirrer is used. Are suitable.
Analysis of the ripe fertilizer thus obtained revealed that, surprisingly, it contains nearly three times as much humic acid content as chicken manure compost, which is generally said to have a high content of humic acid, and the content of humic acid is very high. I found out.
If the powdered fertilizer is sprayed as it is, it may be scattered due to the influence of wind or the like, so it is also preferable to perform granulation to form granules.

Further, although poultry feces contain indigenous bacteria, it is also preferable to separately add and mix the indigenous bacteria-containing material, for example, reconstituted compost.
As the indigenous bacteria, those obtained by collecting and culturing indigenous bacteria inhabiting land, sea or mountains may be used. Bacteria that inhabit wormwood, wild grass, medicinal herbs, seaside grass, bamboo grass, bamboo bush soil, mountain forest soil, fish, seaweed, fruits, pineapples, apples, mandarins, loquats and grapes are effective, but these indigenous bacteria are effective. It is preferable to collect wormwood and the like, soak them in molasses to give them nutrients, and then cultivate them with rice bran or shavings. Indigenous bacteria can also be collected from animals, plants and soil and cultured for use.

Aerobic and thermophilic complex bacteria obtained from indigenous bacteria include microorganisms having enzymes capable of promoting the decomposition of perishable organic matter.
The reconstituted compost is preferable as an indigenous fungus-containing substance.

The invention of the present application will be specifically described with reference to Examples. That is, a fully-ripened fertilizer having a high humic acid content of the present invention was produced by the following steps.

[Example]
The fully-ripened fertilizer having a high humic acid content of the present invention was produced by the following steps. Since the outline of the production process is shown in FIG. 1, it will be described below with reference to FIG. 1.
1 . 40 tons of reconstituted compost and distilled effluent of barley shochu were added to 120 tons of broiler raw chicken manure and mixed to adjust the water content to 50%.
This was charged into a windrow (a fermenter of an open stirring method during the production of 500 tons of compost with a length of 60 m, a depth of 10 m and a height of 1.8 m). Windrow was agitated using a screw-type agitator (NTM / L type manufactured by Tenjinsha), and while agitating from the floor surface with a blower, the temperature of the sediment was waited to rise.
2. 2. Since the temperature of the mixed sediment became around 70 ° C, 3.0% of the distilled soybean effluent was intermittently sprayed daily for 7 days from there, and the temperature was maintained at 70 ° C by stirring and aeration with a blower. .. (Primary fermentation process)
3. 3. From the second week onward, 1.5 to 2.0% of the distilled soybean effluent was intermittently sprayed daily so that the temperature of each windrow zone was between 60 ° C and 65 ° C. Mixing was performed by stirring and blowing with a blower. (Secondary fermentation process)
4. In the latter half of 3 above, the volume also decreases with the decomposition of the raw material, so the amount of the distilled soybean distillation waste liquid added was also reduced.
5. After the fermentation in the fermenter was completed, the fertilizer was dried and aged by screw stirring and blower aeration in the ripe tank every day for one month after the water content reached 35% to complete the ripe fertilizer.
6. Samples from each of the following steps described above were collected and analyzed for humic acid content and the like.
Stage 0 (when the return compost is mixed. Composting 0 days)
Stage 1 (after 2 weeks of composting process)
Stage 2 (after 4 weeks of composting process)
Stage 3 (after 5 weeks of composting process and 3 days of aging)
Stage 4 (finished product)

7. The humic acid content in ripe fertilizer is measured by the fertilizer analysis method (1992 edition, hydrochloric acid-sodium hydroxide method) (Non-Patent Document 2), and the humic acid carbon content soluble in 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution is also measured. did.
About water content, main component and ash content. It was measured by an organic matter analysis method such as compost (published by the Japan Soil Association) and compared with that of chicken manure fertilizer (control chicken manure fertilizer) widely distributed in Kagoshima prefecture. The results are shown in Table 1.
Calculation formula Definition% Dry matter ... Weight percentage per dry matter
C / N ratio = total carbon% dry matter ÷ total nitrogen% dry matter
Organic% dry matter = 100%-ash% dry matter
Humic acid% organic matter = humic acid% dry matter ÷ organic matter% dry matter

Results and Discussion 1) As shown in Table 1, in the present invention, since easily decomposable organic matter is decomposed by composting, the ash content increases with each stage, and the C / N ratio and organic matter content decrease. did. The humic acid content per dry matter increased from the initial 20% to 24% through the composting process. The ratio of humic acid per organic matter increased 1.3 times from the initial 30% to around 40% in the composting process.
2) Potassium content increased with each stage. It is considered that this is because potassium is abundantly contained in the distilled soybean effluent, and the potassium is concentrated according to the cumulative amount of the distilled soybean liquor added.
3) The humic acid content of the ripe fertilizer produced by the technique of the present invention is more than twice as high as that of chicken manure fertilizer widely distributed in Kagoshima prefecture by the fertilizer analysis method, Sanchez-Monedero et al. (1996) (1996). In the measurement of the humic acid carbon content soluble in the 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution extracted according to Non-Patent Document 4), the amount of humic acid carbon was about three times higher.

4) 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution from 15 chicken manure composts (A to O in FIG. 2) collected from various parts of Kyushu, mainly in Kumamoto and Kagoshima prefectures, and ripe fertilizer (X) produced by the technique of the present invention. Soluble humic acid was extracted, and the soluble carbon contents corresponding to the humic acid fraction and the fulvic acid fraction were measured and compared with each other. The results are shown in the graph of FIG.
That is, according to Sanchez-Monedero et al. (1996) (Non-Patent Document 4), rot plant matter was extracted from the compost using a 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution (room temperature, shaking for 4 hours, 1:20). rice field. A part of the extract was taken and the acid-insoluble fraction was removed by centrifugation at pH 2.0 with concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain a supernatant (acid-soluble fraction). The carbon content of the alkaline extract and the acid-soluble fraction was measured with a TOC analyzer (Shimadzu TOC-5000). Here, the acid-soluble fraction corresponds to the fulvic acid fraction, but identifiable water-soluble organic compounds such as sugars and amino acids other than humus are also included here. The difference in carbon content between the 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide extract and the acid-soluble fraction was regarded as the humic acid fraction.
As seen from FIG. 2, the carbon content of the humic acid fraction of the ripe fertilizer produced by the technique of the embodiment of the present invention was 95.5 gkg _-1 , and the control chicken manure fertilizer (C in FIG. 2, 31.3 gkg _-1 : distilled liquor waste liquid). It was higher than any chicken manure compost (A, B, DO) (10.4-59.2 gkg _-1 ) containing (manufactured by adding only at the start of fermentation). The ratio of humic acid fractional carbon to the alkali-soluble carbon was as high as 0.79.

5) Furthermore, water-soluble humic acid was extracted from compost collected from various parts of Japan, mainly in Kyushu, and the water-soluble carbon contents corresponding to the humic acid fraction and the fulvic acid fraction were measured and compared with each other. The results are shown in FIG.
Here, we focused on water-soluble humus, which is more mobile than humus extracted by conventional alkaline solutions in order to evaluate the direct effect of plant growth on the field reduction of compost. This is because the idea that humus should be targeted has been shown in recent years. (Non-Patent Document 3)
As an analysis method, first, water extraction of compost (80 ° C, 16 hours, 1:20) was performed. Then, a part of the water extract was made acidic and the acid-insoluble fraction was removed by centrifugation to obtain a supernatant (acid-soluble fraction). The carbon content of the water extract and the acid-soluble fraction was measured by a TOC analyzer (Shimadzu TOC-5000). The difference in carbon content between the water extract and the acid-soluble fraction was regarded as the humic acid fraction.
As shown in FIG. 3, the carbon content of the humic acid fraction of the ripe fertilizer produced by the technique of the present invention is as large as 77 gkg _-1 , and about 70% of the ripe fertilizer is fractionated into the humic acid fraction. Was done.

Claims (1)

A mixture of chicken manure with a water content of 30 to 45% and reconstituted compost is intermittently sprayed and mixed with 100 parts by weight of a mixture of chicken manure and shochu waste liquid with a water content of 90 to 98%. A primary fermentation process is performed in which the mixture is fermented at 73 to 83 ° C. for 5 to 10 days by turning and blower treatment , and 2.5 to 3.3 parts by weight of the same shochu effluent is sprayed at one time. Sprinkle a total of 10 to 30 parts by weight,
Next, the secondary fermentation treatment was performed at 58 ° C. or higher and lower than 73 ° C. for 28 to 35 days while intermittently spraying and mixing the distilled humic acid liquid having a water content of 90 to 98%, and then spraying 70 to 100 parts by weight in total. After that, it is cut back and blower-treated to be dried and aged to a water content of 25 to 35% to obtain a fully-ripened fertilizer having a humic acid content of 15 to 25%. How to make ripe fertilizer.

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