RU2537545C1 - Unit for micronizing of fodder grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the equipment for thermal processing of fodder grain and can be used in combined fodders and food-processing industry. The unit includes a feed bin, in alignment with which heat exchanging device and VHF chamber with VHF energy source are located. The unit has a chamber of a swelling. A feed bin, heat exchange device, VHF chamber and swelling chamber are connected to each other with batchers sealed with atmosphere enclosed boxes, and form a sealed system. In the heat exchange device equipped with the steam supply system, on internal surface of the case at the angle 45° to vertical axis the guiding disk rippers are fixed. The disks are designed as an ellipse, with a clearance 30 mm between them, they have in the lower part a trapezoid cut, the smaller base of which is located at the distance 0.5R of larger radius of the ellipse. The lateral sides are located at the angle 90° with reference to the center of the ellipse. On the internal surface of the dielectric cylinder of the VHF chamber the identical guiding disks made from dielectric are installed at the angle 51° to a vertical axis and on distance of 30 mm to each other.

EFFECT: invention will allow to improve quality of grain treatment.

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Description

The invention relates to equipment for the heat treatment of feed grain, grain ingredients of animal feed and can be used in animal feed and food industry.

The well-known "Installation for micronization of grain products" (AS SU, 1711779, A23B 9/04, 9/06, A23L 1/025, 3/26, F26B 3/30, 02/15/1992), which contains a working a chamber, a loading hopper-dispenser, a conveyor made of hollow rods transparent for infrared radiation, in which an infrared radiation source is located, while the hopper-dispenser is equipped with a mixer and an exhaust fan for preheating the grain with vapor of evaporated moisture from the working chamber.

The use of infrared radiation ensures that heat penetrates into the material to be processed to a shallow depth, surface heating occurs, and for high-quality processing it is necessary to achieve boiling of internal moisture, which in this case is possible with prolonged heating of feed grain in the infrared radiation zone; convective method of heat transfer leads to high specific energy consumption, it is possible partial carbonization of the surface of the processed product.

The well-known "Method for disinsection and disinfection of materials of grain origin and a device for its implementation" (US Pat. RU 2143794, A01C 1/00, A23L 1/025, A23L 3/01, A01F 25/00, A23B 9/04, H05B 6 / 64, H05B 7/18, January 10, 2000). This method, implemented in the device, consists in converting microwave energy into plasma energy, which does not occupy the entire working volume through which materials of grain origin are passed, but only a part of it, and then this small plasma formation is moved throughout the working volume so that time of flight, all cereals were subjected to plasma exposure.

The main criterion for the quality of processing is the heating temperature of the material of grain origin, the critical numerical value of which is determined for each type of different groups of microorganisms and fungi (Syrovatka VI, “Machine technologies for preparing compound feeds on farms” Moscow, Russian Agricultural Academy, 2010, p. 114) . The method and device are complex and difficult to implement in practice.

Closest to the technical nature of the present invention is the "Installation for micronization of grain products" (US Pat. RU, 2168911, A23L 1/18, A23L 1/025, A23L 3/01, A23B 9/04, F26B 3/34, 20.06. 2001) - taken as a prototype in which heated grain flows by gravity into the irradiation chamber 3, where under the influence of microwave radiation supplied from a microwave energy source 20, instantaneous heating of the grain’s internal moisture occurs, which leads to its boiling, rupture occurs grain shell tissue, the conversion of starch into dextrin.

Since the irradiation chamber is directly connected to the exhaust duct, and through the perforated walls of the intermediate and internal housings of the loading hopper, it is simultaneously connected to the supply duct, as well as to the conditioner-conditioner, all the working units of the installation are constantly in communication with each other and with the atmosphere. In this case, the irradiation chamber is not sealed, the pressure drop is not guaranteed, so the micronization process will not have the required quality. The efficiency of an electric heater is inferior to direct heating of water with liquid fuel or gas. The expanded grain is not required to be flattened; it is loose, soft, disinfected, well eaten by animals and poultry. Also, heated air is used as a heat carrier, which dries the processed product, and it must be moistened using micronization technology.

The task of the invention is to improve the quality of micronization of feed grain, while expanding the range of processed material, the reliability of the design, reducing metal consumption and specific energy consumption.

The problem is achieved in that in the installation for micronization of feed grain, including a feed hopper, coaxially with which the heat exchanger device and a microwave camera with a microwave energy source are located, the new thing is that the installation is equipped with a swelling chamber, while the feed hopper, a heat exchange device The microwave chamber and the expansion chamber are interconnected by dispensers sealed with the atmosphere by closed boxes, and make up a sealed system, and in a heat exchanger equipped with a supply system for ra, on the inner surface of the housing at an angle of 45 ° to the vertical axis, guide ripper disks made in the form of an ellipse are fixed with a gap of 30 mm between them, having a trapezoidal cut in the lower part of each ripper disc, the smaller base of which is located on a distance of 0.5 R of the large radius of the ellipse, and the sides are at an angle of 90 ° relative to the center of the ellipse, and on the inner surface of the dielectric cylinder of the microwave camera are installed at an angle of 51 ° to the vertical axis and at a distance of 30 mm from each other dentichnye guide wheels in construction, rippers, made of a dielectric.

It is known that the specific heat of water at a temperature of 80 ° C is 4 times higher than the specific heat of air, and the specific thermal conductivity is 23 times (Didenko A.N. “Microwave Energy - Theory and Practice”, M., Nauka, 2003, p. 39, table 19). Therefore, it is economically feasible to use raw or dry steam as a coolant, rather than heated air. Due to this, the heat treatment process is accelerated, which reduces the size of the equipment and, accordingly, its metal consumption. Micronization technology provides for the moistening of the processed grain, which is achieved with steam heating.

It has been established (High-temperature infrared technologies of the new millennium // [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.pcstart.ru paragraph 49, Fig. 1, accessed 07.08.2012) that at a shutter speed of 50 s the kinetics of heating grain in a heat exchanger the following: the temperature on the surface of the grain is 180-200 ° C, and the temperature inside the grain is 110-120 ° C. Therefore, it is advisable to bring it to 180-200 ° C using microwave processing, because in this case, through-grain heating occurs and only water inside it is heated, which contains 14% with normal grain moisture.

Due to the fact that the expanded grain softens and increases in volume by 2-5 times, the cells are partially hydrolyzed, the grains acquire a porous structure, become hygroscopic and sterile, and intracellular structures become accessible for digestive enzymes.

The implementation of the guide ripper disks in the form of an ellipse, a cutout in their lower part in the form of a trapezoid, the location of the smaller base at a distance of 0.5R of the large radius of the ellipse, the location of the sides at an angle of 90 ° relative to the center of the ellipse, as well as fastening with a gap of 30 mm by proceeding from maximum loosening, uniform distribution and heating of the processed grain on the surface of a lower mounted guide disk-cultivator.

The angle of inclination of guide ripper disks of 45 °, mounted on the inner surface of the heat exchanger housing, is determined by the coefficient of external friction of dry barley, and the angle of inclination of disk rippers of 51 ° installed on the inner surface of the microwave chamber is adopted by the coefficient of internal friction of wet barley (Sokolov A.Ya. "Technological equipment for grain storage and processing enterprises" M., Kolos, 1975, p. 28, table IV-I).

In connection with the processing of various types of feed grain and its physical condition (humidity, shelf life, type and degree of bacterial infection, etc.), there is a need to adjust the exposure time of processing. This is achieved by changing the performance of the dispensers. Installation of dispensers in the box allows them to be sealed with the atmosphere and get a single sealed design.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 is a diagram of an apparatus for micronizing feed grain, FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one.

Installation for micronization of feed grain contains a hopper 1 (see Fig. 1) with a built-in tedder 2, in communication with a heat exchanger 3, a microwave camera 4 and a swelling chamber 5 by means of dispensers 6, 7 and 8, sealed with the atmosphere and closed boxes 9, 10 and 11. In a heat exchanger 3 equipped with a steam supply system 12, guide disks-rippers 13 (Fig. 1, 2), made in the form of an ellipse, with a gap, are fixed on the inner surface of the housing at an angle of 45 ° to the vertical axis 30 mm in between. The microwave camera 4 has a dielectric cylinder 14 inside, on the inner surface of which at an angle of 51 ° to the vertical axis at a distance of 30 mm, guide rails 15, made of dielectric, identical in design, are fixed to each other, and the microwave camera itself is connected to the microwave the generator 16 through the waveguide 17.

Installation works as follows.

Based on the weight and the specified exposure of the processing of raw materials in the heat exchanger 3, the performance of the dispenser 6 with the closed box 9 is preliminarily calculated, by which the performance of the dispensers 7 with the closed box 10 and the dispenser 8 with the closed box 11 is set. The performance of the dispensers is controlled by changing the speed of the drive motor ( not shown in the diagram). The pre-cleaned feed grain is fed into the feed hopper 1 and through a feeder 2 through a dispenser 6 is fed into a heat exchanger 3 to the guide ripper disks 13, namely, falling onto the upper guide disc ripper 13, fixed at an angle of 45 ° to the vertical axis, the grain rolls along an inclined surface and through a trapezoid-shaped cutout in its lower part, it is poured with an even layer onto the next guide disc-ripper located at a distance of 30 mm, etc. The processed grain, being in a loose state, is uniformly subjected to treatment with superheated steam injected through the steam supply system 12, the whole mass and each grain are heated separately. Upon reaching the lower level of the heat exchange device 3, the processed grain by the dispenser 7 is discharged into the microwave chamber 4 and gets on the guide ripper disks 15 made of a dielectric and mounted on the inner surface of the dielectric cylinder 14 at an angle of 51 ° to the vertical axis. Getting on the upper guide disk-cultivator 15, the grain rolls on an inclined surface and through the cutout in the form of a trapezoid in its lower part it is evenly sprinkled on the next guide disk-cultivator 15, located at a distance of 30 mm, etc. Due to the working generator 16, through the waveguide 17, fast microwave heating of the grain occurs. After microwave processing through the batcher 8, the grain is transferred to the expansion chamber 5, in which a sharp drop in pressure and temperature leads to boiling of internal moisture, the tissue of the grain shells ruptures, which leads to the expansion of grain.

Thus, using the proposed design of the plant for micronization of feed grain, sequential heating is possible, at which a high (100%) level of micronization is achieved, the quality of micronization of feed grain is improved, while expanding the range of processed material, metal consumption is reduced, due to a decrease in necessary equipment and specific energy consumption by 15-20%.

Claims (1)

Installation for micronization of feed grain, including a loading hopper, coaxially with which there is a heat exchanger and a microwave camera with a microwave energy source, characterized in that the installation is equipped with an expansion chamber, while the loading hopper, heat exchanger, microwave camera and expansion chamber are communicated between themselves with dispensers, sealed with the atmosphere in closed boxes, and make up a sealed system, and in a heat exchanger equipped with a steam supply system, on the inner surface of the housing under scrap 45 ° to the vertical axis, guide ripper disks made in the form of an ellipse are fixed with a gap of 30 mm between them, having a trapezoidal cutout in the lower part of each ripper disc, the smaller base of which is located at a distance of 0.5 R of large radius ellipse, and the sides are at an angle of 90 ° relative to the center of the ellipse, and on the inner surface of the dielectric cylinder of the microwave camera are installed at an angle of 51 ° to the vertical axis and at a distance of 30 mm from each other Row crop and made of a dielectric.

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