RU2537541C1 - Method of micronizing of fodder grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of micronizing of fodder grain includes grain treatment in two stages by thermal energy and VHF energy. Thermal energy treatment is performed by heating the grain surface by vapour at the temperature T=180-300 °C, pressure 1.5-12 MPa within 10-60 s, by VHF energy at the same exposition the temperature inside the grains raised to the temperature equal the temperature on its surface. The heated mass is unloaded into the swelling chamber, with air temperature 20 °C and pressure 0.1-0.2 MPa, cooled down to the temperature 36-40 °C, and humidified by water shower down to 30-45 of % of humidity. The formed vapour is removed for preliminary thermal treatment of grain at the temperature 120-130 °C, pressure 0.1-0.2 MPa within 10-12 minutes in the heat exchange device of the feed bin. The treatment is performed in continuous flow in a pseudo-liquefied layer.

EFFECT: offered method of micronizing of the fodder grain allows at continuous mode of operations in a close-loop in a pseudo-liquefied layer to improve quality of micronizing, to expand the assortment of the worked stock, decrease specific consumption and run time.

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Description

The invention relates to a method for micronization and expansion of feed grain, grain components and can be used in animal feed and food industry.

The well-known "Method for the production of expanded grain" (US Pat. RU, 2220586, A23K 1/00, A23L 1/18, 01/10/2004), which includes a cyclic loading of grain into the chamber (autoclave), heating it with steam injected under pressure not lower than 0.5 MPa at a temperature of not more than 200 ° C, pressure relief to atmospheric; the processing time does not exceed 60 s.

The method of cyclical operation of the autoclave is not rational, since heat is lost during unloading. To reach 200 ° C, a pressure of 10 MPa must be provided. For 60 s, the inner part of the grain does not warm up to 200 ° C.

The well-known "Method for the inactivation of anti-nutritional substances of soybeans" (US Pat. RU, 2358459, A23L 1/211, 06/20/2009), including soaking the beans in an aqueous solution of food acid with a pH of 5.2-5.4, exposure for 3 h, heat treatment in the field of microwave currents with a specific power of 18-20 kW / kg, a frequency of 2820-2850 MHz for 5-10 s and subsequent extrusion at a temperature of 105-110 ° C.

Holding beans for 3 hours in solution makes it difficult to control the quality of the product. The method is cumbersome, as it is performed in a cyclic mode.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is the "Method of heat treatment of grain products by electrophysical methods" (US Pat. RU, 2085088, A23L 1/18, F26B 3/30, F26B 3/347, 07/27/1995) - adopted as a prototype which is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the product is heated for 30-90 s with the thermal energy of infrared radiation to a temperature of 95-105 ° C. In the second stage, with a duration of 20-60 s, the product temperature is brought to 120-180 ° C using a microwave electromagnetic field.

Heating to the maximum temperature is carried out in the second stage, which is not advisable, since the specific energy consumption for microwave heating is high, and heating only to 180 ° C limits the possibility of using this method for processing soy and rapeseed.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a continuous method for the production of micronization of feed grain, improving the quality of micronization, expanding the range of processed material, reducing unit costs and processing time.

The problem is achieved in that in the proposed method of micronization of feed grain, which includes processing the grain in two stages with thermal energy and microwave energy, it is new that the thermal energy is processed by heating the grain surface with steam at a temperature T = 180-300 ° C, pressure 1 , 5-12 MPa for 10-60 s, with microwave energy at the same exposure, the temperature inside the grain is brought to a temperature equal to the temperature on its surface, while the heated mass is discharged into the expansion chamber, in which the air temperature is 20 ° C and pressure 0.1-0.2 MPa, cooled to a temperature of 36-40 ° C and moistened with a water shower to 30-45% humidity, and the resulting steam is taken off for preliminary heat treatment of grain at a temperature of 120-130 ° C, pressure 0.1 -0.2 MPa for 10-12 minutes into the heat exchanger of the loading hopper, and the processing is carried out in a continuous stream in a fluidized bed.

It has been established (High-temperature infrared technologies of the new millennium // [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.pcstart.ru paragraph 49, Fig. 1, accessed 07.08.2012) that at a shutter speed of 50 s the kinetics of heating grain in a heat exchanger the following: the temperature on the surface of the grain is 180-200 ° C, and the temperature inside the grain is 110-120 ° C. Therefore, it is advisable to bring it to 180-200 ° C using microwave processing for a minimum short time, because at the same time, through-grain heating occurs and only the water inside it is heated, which, with normal grain moisture, contains 14%.

The heating temperature of 180-300 ° C depends on the material being processed. So the processing of soy and rapeseed is carried out at a higher temperature than in other grains in order to exclude or lower the content of erucic acid and anti-nutrients below acceptable limits. Accordingly, the processing time also depends on the material being processed. If there is an in-line method of processing in a fluidized bed, the processing time in the heat exchange device and in the microwave chamber is the same and is 10-60 s.

The increase in the pressure of the vapor-air mixture inside the grain leads to its expansion, "explosion", however. not all grains in the fluidized bed flow are in the same position, therefore, to obtain uniformity of the processed product, it is discharged into the expansion chamber, in which the air temperature and pressure (20 ° C, 0.1-0.2 MPa) correspond to atmospheric, and the outlet temperature grain drops to 120-130 ° C. With a sharp drop in pressure and temperature, the grain finally destroys, while cooling to 36-40 ° C. In accordance with zootechnical requirements (Tronchuk I.S., Fesina B.E., Pochernyaeva G.M. “Feeding pigs”, M .: Agropromizdat, 1990, p. 26, second paragraph from above, I. Petrukhin “ The biological basis of the growing of piglets ”, Moscow: Rosselkhozizdat, 1976, p. 165, third paragraph above), when using the finished product immediately after being made into animal feed, it must be moistened with a water shower to 30-45% humidity, and if sent for further storage - water can be omitted.

The quality of the micronization of grain depends on the uniformity of heating and the degree of moisture of each grain. Therefore, the proposed method introduced preliminary heat treatment (prior to heat treatment 180-300 ° C), performed by steaming the raw material with exhaust steam, the temperature of which is 120-130 ° C, pressure 0.1-0.2 MPa for 10-12 minutes Pre-steaming is controlled by the temperature of the steam supplied to the heat exchanger in the range of 180-300 ° C.

The essence of the proposed method is implemented in the line of micronization of feed grain and is illustrated in figure 1 - diagram of the line of micronization of feed grain, figure 2 - section aa in figure 1, figure 3 - view B of figure 1.

The feed grain micronization line includes coaxially located loading hopper 1 (see FIG. 1), a heat exchanger 2, a microwave chamber 3, an expansion chamber 4, interconnected by dispensers 5, 6, 7, closed boxes 8, 9, 10, and components sealed system. Inside the feed hopper 1 in its conical part there is a heat exchanger made in the form of a coil 11 having holes along the entire length of the pipe with a diameter of 3-4 mm (see Figs. 2, 3) located along the generatrix of the spiral at a distance of 15-20 mm from a friend, and the screw 12 (see figure 1), built-in inside the coil, in which the diameter of the winding of the coil 11 and the turns of the screw 12 decreases from top to bottom, and the gap between the inner conical surface of the feed hopper 1, the pipe of the coil 11 and the edge of the winding of the screw 12 40-50 mm. The heat exchanger 2 is equipped with a steam supply system 13, the microwave chamber 3 is connected to the microwave generator 14 through the waveguide 15, and the expansion chamber 4, having a shutter 16 and woven mesh 17, 18, is communicated from below with the product pipe formed by the discharge conveyor 19, above which are located nozzles 20 with an adjustment valve 21. On the side, the expansion chamber 4 is communicated by means of a steam collector 22 connected via a woven mesh 23 to a gas holder 24, a steam line 25 having a condensate collecting and draining device 26 and a fan 27, with a heat exchanger loading of the hopper 1, namely, with the coil 11 in its lower part, above the upper open end which is located in the hopper vent pipe 28.

Line micronization of feed grain works as follows. Given the exposure time (exposure) of the grain processed in the heat exchanger 2, the performance of the dispensers 5, 6, 7, closed by boxes 8, 9, 10 is determined (all the dispensers operate in the same stream with the same capacity). The first batch of processed grain comes already steamed into the loading hopper 1 and a rotating screw 12, located in its conical part, moves along the loading hopper 1, preventing congestion, and further ensuring reliable steaming and moistening of each grain. Next, the processed product by gravity through the dispenser 5, closed by a box 8, is continuously fed into the heat exchanger 2, where steam is supplied through a steam supply system 13 with a temperature of 180-300 ° C and a pressure of 1.5-12 MPa, the grain surface is heated for 10-60 s to the steam temperature and the dispenser 6, closed by a box 9, is loaded into the microwave chamber 3, which through the waveguide 15 is constantly supplied with microwave energy from the microwave generator 14, in which the temperature inside the grain is compared with the temperature on its surface for 10-60 s or exceeds it. A certain amount of processed grain swells. Next, feed grain is discharged by means of a dispenser 7, closed by a box 10, into the expansion chamber 4, in which atmospheric pressure of 0.1-0.2 MPa and air temperature of 20 ° C are maintained, and the temperature of the output grain drops to 120-130 ° C. With a sharp drop in pressure and temperature, the grain finally destroys, while cooling to 36-40 ° C. Under the influence of its own weight, the grain moves down, enters the conveyor 19 of the product pipeline, is cooled and moistened with a water shower from nozzles 20, adjustable by a crane 21 to 30-45% humidity. The released steam, having a temperature of 120-130 ° C and a pressure of 0.1-0.2 MPa, is sucked off by a fan 27 through a woven mesh 18, which does not allow small particles of the finished product to get into the steam collector 22, connected to the gas holder 24 through a woven mesh 23, also filter steam, enters the steam line 25 and then is pumped into the lower part of the coil 11 connected to it, located in the conical part of the feed hopper 1, having holes 3-4 mm in diameter along the entire length of the pipe, located along the generatrix of the spiral at a distance of 15-20 mm friend from friend ha, passes through these openings, at the same time warming up and moistening the grain that comes to the processing for 10-12 minutes, and the exhaust steam is discharged through the exhaust pipe 28 from the feed hopper 1. Atmospheric air is drawn in through the woven mesh 17 by opening the damper 16. Condensation formed in the steam line 25 is collected in a device for collecting and draining 26 and is removed when the line is down. The line is operated in a fluidized bed in a continuous flow mode and a closed cycle.

Thus, the application of the proposed method for micronization of feed grain allows for continuous operation in a closed loop in a fluidized bed to improve the quality of micronization, expand the range of processed material, reduce unit costs and processing time.

Claims (1)

A method of micronizing feed grain, comprising processing the grain in two stages with thermal energy and microwave energy, characterized in that the thermal energy treatment is performed by heating the grain surface with steam at a temperature of T = 180-300 ° C, a pressure of 1.5-12 MPa for 10- 60 s, the microwave energy at the same exposure brings the temperature inside the grain to a temperature equal to the temperature on its surface, while the heated mass is discharged into the expansion chamber, in which the air temperature is 20 ° C and pressure 0.1-0.2 MPa, cooled to a temperature of 36-40 ° C and moisturize the waters shower to 30-45% humidity, and the steam formed is taken away for preliminary heat treatment of grain at a temperature of 120-130 ° C, pressure 0.1-0.2 MPa for 10-12 minutes into the heat exchanger device of the loading hopper, and the processing is carried out in a continuous flow in a fluidized bed.

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