RU2537544C1 - Method for electrophysical micronisation of fodder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food and feedstuff industry and may be used for fodder grain and grain components micronisation and swelling. The method of fodder grain electrophysical micronisation includes thermal treatment at the first stage and UHF electromagnetic field treatment at the second stage. Thermal treatment is performed through heating the grains surface at steam temperature T=180-300°C and steam pressure equal to 1.5-12 MPa. By means of UHF electromagnetic field treatment one ensures that temperature inside the grain is equal to that on the grain surface. Then, by means of the doser, grains are transferred into the swelling chamber. The time of both thermal treatment and UHF electromagnetic field treatment is equal to 10-60 s.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow to enhance grain treatment quality.

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Description

The invention relates to a method for micronization and expansion of feed grain, grain components and can be used in animal feed and food industry.

The well-known "Method for the production of expanded grain" (US Pat. RU, 2220586, A23K 1/00, A23L 1/18, 01/10/2004), which includes a cyclic loading of grain into the chamber (autoclave), heating it with steam injected under pressure not lower than 0.5 MPa at a temperature of not more than 200 ° C, pressure relief to atmospheric; the processing time does not exceed 60 s.

The method of cyclic operation of the chamber (autoclave) is not productive, heat is lost during unloading, a pressure of 0.5 MPa is not enough to reach 200 ° C, for 60 s the inner part of the grain does not warm up to 200 ° C.

The well-known "Method for the inactivation of anti-nutritional substances of soybeans" (US Pat. RU, 2358459, A23L 1/211, 06/20/2009), including soaking the beans in an aqueous solution of food acid with a pH of 5.2-5.4, exposure for 3 h, heat treatment in the field of microwave currents with a specific power of 18-20 kW / kg, a frequency of 2820-2850 MHz for 5-10 s and subsequent extrusion at a temperature of 105-110 ° C.

The method is cumbersome, energy-intensive and is performed in a cyclic mode.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is the "Method of heat treatment of grain products by electrophysical methods" (US Pat. RU, 2085088, A23L 1/18, F26B 3/30, F26B 3/347, 07/27/1995) - adopted as a prototype which is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the product is heated for 30-90 s with the thermal energy of infrared radiation to a temperature of 95-105 ° C. In the second stage, with a duration of 20-60 s, the product temperature is brought to 120-180 ° C using a microwave electromagnetic field.

In this method, heating to a maximum temperature is carried out in the second stage, which is not economically feasible, since the specific energy consumption for microwave heating is much higher than direct heating, while heating only up to 180 ° C reduces the possibility of using this method for processing soy and rapeseed.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of processed feed grain, expanding the range of processed material, reducing specific energy costs by observing the kinetics of heating grain in a heat exchanger and in a microwave chamber and processing time.

The problem is achieved in that in the proposed method of micronization of feed grain by the electrophysical method, which includes heat treatment at the first stage, and microwave treatment with the microwave electromagnetic field at the second stage, the new one is that the heat treatment is performed by heating the grain surface at a steam temperature T = 180-300 ° C and a steam pressure of 1.5-12 MPa, the microwave electromagnetic field adjusts the temperature inside the grain to a temperature equal to the temperature on the surface of the grain, and then, using a dispenser, the processed grain is transferred to stone py swelling, while at the same heat and microwave treatment is equal to 10-60.

It has been established (High-temperature infrared technologies of the new millennium // [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.pcstart.ru paragraph 49, Fig. 1, accessed 07.08.2012) that at a shutter speed of 50 s the kinetics of heating grain in a heat exchanger the following: the temperature on the surface of the grain is 180-200 ° C, and the temperature inside the grain is 110-120 ° C. Therefore, it is advisable to bring it to 180-200 ° C using microwave processing for a minimum short time, because in this case, through-grain heating occurs and only the water inside it is heated, which, with normal grain moisture, contains 14%.

In the feed industry, for the preparation of complete feeds, various types of feed grain (grain, soy, rape, etc.) are used.

The heating temperature of 180-300 ° C depends on the material being processed. So, the processing of soy and rapeseed is carried out at a higher temperature than other grains in order to exclude or lower the content of erucic acid and anti-nutrients below acceptable limits.

Due to the fact that the expanded grain softens and increases in volume by 2-5 times, the cells are partially hydrolyzed, the grains acquire a porous structure, become hygroscopic and sterile, and intracellular structures become accessible for digestive enzymes.

Accordingly, the processing time also depends on the material being processed. If there is an in-line method of processing in a fluidized bed, the processing time in the heat exchange device and in the microwave chamber is the same and is 10-60 s.

The essence of the proposed method is implemented in the installation for micronization of feed grain and is illustrated in FIG. 1 is a diagram of an apparatus for micronizing feed grain, FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one.

Installation for micronization of feed grain contains a feed hopper 1 (see Fig. 1), with a tedder 2 integrated in it, in communication with a heat exchanger 3, a microwave camera 4 and an expansion chamber 5 by means of dispensers 6, 7 and 8, sealed with the atmosphere and closed boxes 9, 10 and 11. In a heat exchanger 3 equipped with a steam supply system 12, on the inner surface of the housing at an angle of 45 ° to the vertical axis are fixed guide discs-rippers 13 (Fig. 1, 2), made in the form of an ellipse, with a gap of 30 mm between them. The microwave camera 4 has a dielectric cylinder 14 inside, on the inner surface of which at an angle of 51 ° to the vertical axis at a distance of 30 mm from each other, guiding disks-rippers 15 made of dielectric, identical in design, are fixed, and the microwave camera itself is connected to Microwave generator 16 through the waveguide 17.

Installation works as follows.

Based on the weight specified by the exposure of the raw material processing (10-60 s) in the heat exchanger 3, the performance of the dispenser 6 with the closed box 9 is pre-calculated, according to which the performance of the dispensers 7 with the closed box 10 and the dispenser 8 with the closed box 11 is set. a change in the speed of the drive motor (not shown in the diagram). The pre-cleaned feed grain is fed into the feed hopper 1 and through a feeder 2 through a dispenser 6 is fed into a heat exchanger 3 to the guide ripper disks 13, namely, falling onto the upper guide disc ripper 13, fixed at an angle of 45 ° to the vertical axis, the grain rolls along an inclined surface and through a trapezoid-shaped cutout in its lower part, it is poured with an even layer onto the next guide disc-ripper located at a distance of 30 mm, etc. The processed grain, being in a loose state, uniformly subjected to steam treatment at a temperature of T = 180-300 ° C and a pressure of 1.5-12 MPa, pumped through the steam supply system 12, the surface of the whole mass and each grain are heated individually. Upon reaching the lower level of the heat exchange device 3, the processed grain by the dispenser 7 is discharged into the microwave chamber 4 and gets on the guide ripper disks 15 made of a dielectric and mounted on the inner surface of the dielectric cylinder 14 at an angle of 51 ° to the vertical axis. Getting on the upper guide disk-cultivator 15, the grain rolls on an inclined surface and through a cutout in the form of a trapezoid in its lower part it is evenly sprinkled on the next guide disk-cultivator 15, located at a distance of 30 mm, etc. Due to the working generator 16, through the waveguide 17, fast microwave heating of the grain occurs and the temperature inside it reaches a temperature value on the grain surface. After microwave processing through the batcher 8, the grain is transferred to the expansion chamber 5, in which a sharp drop in pressure and temperature leads to boiling of internal moisture, the tissue of the grain shells ruptures, which leads to the expansion of grain.

Thus, the application of the proposed method of micronization of feed grain by the electrophysical method can improve the quality of the processed grain, expand the range of processed material, reduce specific energy costs by observing the kinetics of heating grain in a heat exchanger and minimize processing time.

Claims (1)

The method of micronization of feed grain by the electrophysical method, which includes heat treatment at the first stage, and microwave treatment with a microwave electromagnetic field at the second stage, characterized in that the heat treatment is performed by heating the grain surface at a steam temperature T = 180-300 ° C and a steam pressure of 1.5- 12 MPa, and with a microwave electromagnetic field, the temperature inside the grain is brought to a temperature equal to the temperature on the grain surface, and then, using a dispenser, transferred to the expansion chamber, while the time of both heat and microwave processing is 10-60 s.

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